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9780821395127

Structural Transformation and Rural Change Revisited Challenges for Late Developing Countries in a Globalizing World

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780821395127

  • ISBN10:

    0821395122

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2012-06-18
  • Publisher: World Bank Publications

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Summary

This book makes a compelling case for reintegrating structural issues into agricultural and rural development policies, which have for the last 30 years over-focused on short-term issues. It shows how the liberalization of agriculture in many late developing countries has not in fact led to the development of the vibrant rural non-farm economy so often discussed in the literature. Neither has it led to a large-scale integration of agricultural producers into the global economy. Most producers remain engaged in traditional crops-mainly staples-and in traditional marketing systems characterized by limited contractualization. Yet in spite of these observations the book draws optimistic conclusions: there are a clear set of policy priorities that, if adapted to individual country contexts, can facilitate an enduring and productive rural transformation. The book is based on an in-depth seven-country study that surveyed 8,000 rural households. It specifically focuses on these households' activity and income structures in an evolving agricultural context marked by liberalization and trends of increasing economic integration. In doing so it reviews the very different levels (and trajectories) of rural diversification among countries at various stages in the structural transformation process. Among late developers, such as the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, a common observation is an incipient economic transition that is accompanied by a strong process of demographic transition. Consequently, growing cohorts of new labor market entrants pose a dramatic challenge. This new demographic structure offers a huge opportunity for growth if it can be accommodated, and if not it represents a serious political and economic liability. If overall economic diversification is the major avenue for change, sustainable growth, and job creation, then it is clear that agriculture and the rural economy will have a critical role to play in the coming two decades.Based on its investigation of existing rural realities, the book suggests several policy orientations. These include a clear need to focus on staples and family agriculture, to engage in targeted development strategies at the regional level, and to pursue a policy of territorial development that promotes strong rural-urban linkages at the level of rural localities, towns and districts.

Table of Contents

Forewordp. xv
Acknowledgmentsp. xvii
About the Authorsp. xxi
Abbreviationsp. xxiii
Overviewp. 1
From the WTO Debate to the Food Price Crisis-A Missing Long-Term Visionp. 2
The Research Programp. 4
The Persisting Role of Agriculture and the Extent of Rural Povertyp. 6
Farm Production, Markets, and Differentiation Processesp. 8
Off-Farm Diversification and the Reshaping of the Rural Economyp. 10
The Diversification-Income Relationship and Rural Transformationp. 13
Main Policy Outcomesp. 15
Setting the Scene and Selecting the Toolsp. 23
A Disconcerting and Quickly Evolving Global Contextp. 24
Main Objectives and Hypotheses of the Program: Reconnecting the Dotsp. 30
General Design of the Program: Country Case Studies, Regional Surveys, and Collaborative Processesp. 34
Synopsis of the Bookp. 44
Notesp. 47
The Challenges of Structural Transformationp. 51
Regional Differences and Positioning of the RuralStruc Countriesp. 52
Structural Transformation in a Global Open Economyp. 62
Notesp. 72
Rural Realities: Agriculture and Povertyp. 77
The Central Role of Agriculture across Different Regional Settingsp. 77
Widespread Rural Povertyp. 83
Livelihood Strategiesp. 106
Notesp. 113
Exploring Off-Farm Diversification and the Rural Nonfarm Economyp. 117
The Question of Rural Diversificationp. 117
The Reality of the Off-Farm Economy in the Surveyed Regionsp. 121
Off-Farm Diversification and Rural Transformationp. 149
Notesp. 152
Searching for New Patterns of On-Farm Specializationp. 157
The Big Restructuringp. 158
An Elusive New Agriculturep. 168
On-Farm Specialization and Rural Transformationp. 191
Notesp. 193
From Regional Patterns of Rural Transformation to Policy Guidelinesp. 195
Regional Patterns of Income Diversification and Specializationp. 195
Policy-Making Guidelinesp. 220
Notesp. 234
Appendix: Country Mapsp. 239
Bibliographyp. 247
Indexp. 265
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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