Summary

The IUPAC Series on Analytical and Physical Chemistry of Environmental Systems provides the scientific community with a critical evaluation of the state of the art on physicochemical structures and reactions in environmental systems, as well as on the analytical techniques required to study and monitor these systems. The series is aimed at promoting rigorous analysis and understanding of physicochemical functioning of environmental systems. Soils are a major component of the ecosystem. A fundamental awareness of soil structures and processes at the molecular and microscopic level is therefore essential to understanding and regulating the behaviour of environmental systems and the circulation and impact of anthropogenic compounds. Structure and Surface Reactions of Soil Particles addresses the basics of structure and surface reactions of both soil particles and colloids and describes their characterization and properties. New approaches using fractal analysis of particle dimensions, aggregation and surface reactions, computer modelling of the structure and reactivity of humics and applications of atomic force microscopy are given special treatment. Advanced instrumentation for analysis of soil particles which help to model the processes in the soil are also reviewed. Structure and Surface Reactions of Soil Particles is the definitive guide to the analysis of soils for chemists and biologists working in environmental analysis and soil chemists studying the effect of landfills and working on soil restoration.

Author Biography

Pan Ming Huang, PhD, FAAAS, FASA, FCSSS is Professor Emeritus of Soil Science at the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Canada. Dr. Huang has authored over 300 refereed articles and book chapters, written two books, edited seventeen others, and served on many editorial boards. He received the Distinguished Researcher Award from the University of Saskatchewan and the Soil Science Research Award from the Soil Science Society of America.

Nicola Senesi is Professor of Soil Chemistry and Head of the Department of Agroforestal and Environmental Biology and Chemistry of the University of Bari, Italy, where he has been actively involved in research and teaching since 1969. He has taught courses in Soil Chemistry, Soil Science, Agricultural Chemistry, Wood Chemistry and technology, Organic Chemistry, Wood Chemistry and Technology, Organic Chemistry, and General and Inorganic Chemistry. He has been a visiting professor and/or scientist for various periods at universities in Canada, USA, Somalia, Indonesia, Switzerland, Argentina, Brasil, Venezuela and Colombia. Dr. Senesi is a Fellow of the American Society of Agronomy - ASA - since 1995 and the Soil Science Society of America - SSSA - since 1996, and received the Gold Medal of the Polish Soil Science Society in 1994. He was conferred with a Doctorate Honoris Causa by the Institute National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT -, France, in 2000. Dr. Senesi is currently President of Division VI: Chemistry and the Environment and Chair of the Subcommittee on Biophysics-Chemical Processes in Environmental Systems of IUPAC, President of MESAEP, and Vice-President of the Italian Soil Science Society - SISS -, and was President of the International Humic Substances Society - IHSS - and Chairman of Division II-Soil Properties and Processes of the International Union of Soil Science - IUSS -. He is currently an Associate Editor of Geoderma, Soil Science, Pedosphere, Pure and Applied Chemistry and CLEAN-Soil, Air, Water. Dr. Senesi's research is focused on fundamental and applied aspects of the chemistry and biochemistry of organic matter from soils and other systems and materials, and its interactions with soil-applied organic chemicals and trace metals, by the use of advanced physico-chemical techniques and biochemical tools.

List of Contributors

(2)

Series Preface

(2)

Preface

xiii

PART I MINERALS-ORGANICS-MICROORGANISMS INTERACTIONS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL PARTICLES

(106)

1 Minerals-Organics-Microorganisms Interactions in the Soil Environment

(38)

P. M. Huang

J.-M. Bollag

2 From Particles to Architecture: Fractals, Aggregation and Scaling in Soil Science

(36)

J. W. Crawford

B. D. Sleeman

3 Fractal Principles and Methods Applied to the Chemistry of Sorption onto Environmental Particles

(30)

I. Okuda

N. Senesi

PART II ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION IN ANALYSIS OF SOIL PARTICLES

107

(268)

4 Scanning Probe Microscopy of Environmental Surfaces

109

(46)

P. A. Maurice

5 Electron Microscopy of Soil Structure and Soil Components

155

(28)

Y. Chen

6 Advances in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Infrared Spectroscopies of Soil Organic Particles

183

(68)

A. Piccolo

P. Conte

7 Applications of NMR Spectroscopy to the Study of the Chemistry of Environmental Interfaces

251

(30)

W. L. Earl

C. T. Johnston

8 Analytical Pyrolysis and Computer Modelling of Humic and Soil Particles

281

(44)

H.-R. Schulten

P. Leinweber

M. Schnitzer

9 Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy of Organic and Mineral Soil Particles

325

(50)

M. V. Cheshire

N. Senesi

PART III REACTIONS AND PROCESSES AT THE SOIL PARTICLE-SOLUTION INTERFACE

375

(106)

10 Ion Adsorption at the Soil Particle-Solution Interface: Modeling and Mechanisms

377

(36)

S. Goldberg

11 Kinetics of Sorption/Release Reactions on Natural Particles

413

(36)

D. L. Sparks

12 Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions in Soil Environments

449

(32)

P. Nannipieri

L. Gianfreda

Index

481

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