Student Reference Manual for Electronic Instrumentation Laboratories

by Wolf, Stanley; Smith, Richard F.M.

• ISBN13: 9780138557768
• ISBN10: 0138557764
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This book shows students how to become proficient users of electronic measuring instruments, and offers a practical understanding of electrical laboratory practices.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Language of Electrical Measurements	1	(27)
Charge, Voltage, and Current	1	(5)
Electrical Units	6	(1)
Sine Waves, Frequency, and Phase	7	(2)
Average and Root-Mean-Square Values	9	(3)
Language of Digital Measurement Systems	12	(11)
Problems	23	(3)
References	26	(2)
Experimental Data and Errors	28	(17)
Measurement Recording and Reporting	29	(1)
Graphical Presentation of Data	30	(2)
Precision and Accuracy	32	(2)
Resolution and Sensitivity	34	(2)
Errors in Measurement	36	(2)
Statistical Evaluation of Measurement Data and Errors	38	(3)
The Decibel	41	(2)
Problems	43	(1)
References	44	(1)
Electrical Laboratory Practice	45	(38)
Safety	46	(4)
Grounds	50	(7)
Circuit Protection Devices	57	(5)
Cables, Connectors, Switches, and Relays	62	(14)
Input Impedance, Output Impedance, and Loading	76	(3)
Power Transfer and Impedance Matching	79	(2)
Problems	81	(1)
References	82	(1)
Analog DC and AC Meters	83	(30)
Electromechanical Meter Movements	84	(6)
Analog DC Ammeters	90	(4)
Analog DC Voltmeters	94	(4)
Analog AC Ammeters and Voltmeters	98	(6)
Analog Multimeters	104	(2)
Special-Purpose Analog Meters	106	(3)
How to Use Basic Meters	109	(1)
Meter Errors	110	(1)
Problems	111	(1)
References	112	(1)
Digital Electronic Meters	113	(25)
Digital-to-Analog Converters	115	(5)
Analog-to-Digital Converters	120	(8)
Counting and Digital Encoding	128	(1)
Display Devices	129	(3)
Digital Voltmeters	132	(3)
Digital Multimeters	135	(1)
Problems	136	(1)
References	137	(1)
The Oscilloscope	138	(73)
Oscilloscope Subsystems	140	(2)
Display Subsystem (Cathode-Ray Tube)	142	(4)
Vertical Deflection Subsystem	146	(5)
Dual-Trace Feature	151	(3)
Horizontal Deflection Subsystem	154	(6)
Oscilloscope Probes	160	(7)
Oscilloscope Controls	167	(3)
How to Operate an Oscilloscope	170	(18)
Oscilloscope Photography	188	(2)
Special-Purpose Oscilloscopes	190	(7)
Graphical Display of Three-Terminal Devices/The Curve Tracer	197	(12)
Problems	209	(1)
References	210	(1)
Potentiometers and Recorders	211	(22)
Potentiometers	212	(5)
Recorders	217	(8)
Machine-Interpretable Recorders	225	(6)
Problems	231	(1)
References	232	(1)
Time and Frequency Measurements	233	(16)
Time Measurements	234	(2)
Frequency Measurements	236	(6)
Harmonic Analysis and Spectrum Analyzers	242	(5)
Problems	247	(1)
References	248	(1)
Power and Energy Measurements	249	(22)
Power in AC Circuits	251	(3)
Single-Phase Power Measurements	254	(5)
Polyphase Power and Measurements	259	(6)
Electrical Energy Measurements	265	(2)
Power Measurements at Higher Frequencies	267	(2)
Problems	269	(1)
References	270	(1)
Resistors and the Measurement of Resistance	271	(25)
Resistance and Resistors	271	(1)
Resistor Types	272	(2)
Color Coding of Resistors	274	(4)
Measurement of Resistance	278	(6)
Wheatstone Bridges	284	(6)
Making ``Balanced'' Wheatstone Bridge Measurements	290	(1)
Low-Valued Resistance Measurements	291	(3)
Problems	294	(1)
References	295	(1)
Measurement of Capacitance, Inductance, and Impedance	296	(37)
Capacitance and Capacitors	296	(4)
Capacitor Circuit Models and Losses	300	(3)
Capacitor Types	303	(5)
Color Coding of Capacitors	308	(1)
Inductors and Inductance	308	(3)
Inductor Structures	311	(2)
Transformers	313	(3)
Impedance	316	(2)
Capacitance and Inductance Measurements	318	(9)
Complex Impedance Measurements	327	(2)
Problems	329	(3)
References	332	(1)
DC Signal Sources	333	(21)
Batteries	333	(11)
DC Power Supplies	344	(8)
Problems	352	(1)
References	353	(1)
AC Signal Sources	354	(18)
Oscillators	355	(5)
Sweep-Frequency Generators	360	(3)
Pulse Generators	363	(5)
Function Generators	368	(2)
Problems	370	(1)
References	371	(1)
Electrical Transducers	372	(51)
Strain Gauges	375	(7)
Linear Variable Differential Transformers	382	(6)
Fluid-Property Transducers (Pressure and Flow Rate)	388	(4)
Temperature Transducers	392	(16)
Light and Radiation Transducers	408	(13)
Problems	421	(1)
References	422	(1)
Electronic Amplifiers	423	(30)
General Properties of Amplifiers	424	(5)
Differential Amplifiers	429	(6)
Operational Amplifiers	435	(10)
Instrumentation Amplifiers	445	(6)
Problems	451	(1)
References	452	(1)
Interference Signals and their Elimination or Reduction	453	(30)
Capacitive (Electrically Coupled) Interference	454	(5)
Inductive Interference and Shielding	459	(2)
Electromagnetic Interference and Shielding	461	(1)
Conductively Coupled Interference	462	(2)
Ground-Loop (Common-Mode) Interference	464	(8)
Input Guarding to Reduce Ground-Loop Interference	472	(6)
Internal Noise	478	(2)
Problems	480	(2)
References	482	(1)
Introduction to Instrumentation Systems	483	(25)
Analog Systems	484	(2)
Miscellaneous Aspects of Analog Signal Conditioning	486	(1)
Analog Signal Transmission	487	(5)
Analog-to-Digital Systems	492	(2)
Sample-and-Hold Circuits	494	(4)
Multiplexers	498	(3)
Analog-to-Digital Data Acquisition System Configurations	501	(5)
Problems	506	(1)
References	507	(1)
Data Transmission in Digital Instrument Systems/IEEE-488, CAMAC, and RS/232C Standards	508	(33)
Language of Digital Data Transmission	509	(4)
Binary-Coded-Decimal Interface	513	(2)
IEEE-488 Bus	515	(7)
CAMAC Interface	522	(2)
Serial, Asynchronous Interfacing	524	(3)
Data Line Monitors (Data Communications Analyzers)	527	(1)
RS-232C Standard	528	(6)
20-mA Current Loop	534	(1)
Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitters	535	(1)
Preassembled Interface Subsystems	536	(1)
Long-Distance Data Transmission (Modems)	537	(2)
Problems	539	(1)
References	539	(2)
Index	541