Study Guide For Of Children: An Introduction To Child Development

by Lefrancois, Guy R.

• ISBN13: 9780534526078
• ISBN10: 0534526071
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-12-12
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This accessible, chronologically organized text introduces the major topics, issues, terminology, and theories in child and adolescent development. Lefrancois is known for his friendly, student-oriented writing, which includes personal anecdotes that bring the material to life in a unique and involving way. The author stresses the application of the concepts of developmental psychology to students' career and educational goals. A major emphasis in the new edition is the importance of the contexts (relationship) within which children develop, with special attention to cross-cultural and multicultural issues. The new edition represents a major rethinking of the text with five new emphases, as well as a thorough updating throughout the text.

Table of Contents

The Beginning
Studying the Child	p. 2
Organization of Of Children	p. 4
Historical and Current Views of Childhood	p. 5
Across Cultures Mari, a Mayan Child; Liam, a North American Kid	p. 6
At a Glance Survival of the World's Children	p. 9
In the News and on the Web Gypsies of Svinia	p. 11
Children's Rights	p. 12
The Study of Children	p. 14
At a Glance Poor Children in North America	p. 16
Across Cultures Children and War	p. 17
Recurring Issues and Beliefs	p. 20
Methods of Studying Children	p. 21
Evaluating Developmental Research	p. 29
Main Points	p. 33
Focus Questions: Applications	p. 35
Possible Responses to Thought Challenges	p. 35
Key Terms	p. 36
Further Readings	p. 37
Theories of Development	p. 38
Theories in Psychology	p. 40
A Psychoanalytic Approach: Freud	p. 42
A Psychosocial Approach: Erikson	p. 49
Behavioristic Approaches	p. 52
In the News and on the Web Fido Learns to Beg	p. 60
Social Cognitive Theory: Albert Bandura	p. 61
A Cognitive Approach: Piaget	p. 68
A Biological Approach: Ethology	p. 72
Ecological Approaches: Vygotsky and Bronfenbrenner	p. 76
Across Cultures Ellen de Luca, the Fat Girl	p. 82
Dynamic Systems Approaches	p. 83
A Humanistic Approach: Abraham Maslow	p. 84
A Final Word about Theories	p. 86
Main Points	p. 89
Focus Questions: Applications	p. 91
Possible Responses to Thought Challenges	p. 91
Key Terms	p. 92
Further Readings	p. 93
Conception, Heredity, and Environment	p. 94
The Mechanics of Heredity	p. 96
Genotype and Phenotype	p. 104
Studying Gene-Environment Interaction	p. 106
Genetic Defects	p. 116
Chromosomal Disorders	p. 122
At a Glance Hemophilia among European Royalty	p. 124
Behavior Genetics	p. 125
Genetic Risk and Genetic Counseling	p. 128
In the News and on the Web Embryo Screening	p. 132
Genetics and the Future	p. 133
Across Cultures Chang Yu-ju, an Only Child	p. 134
Main Points	p. 136
Focus Questions: Applications	p. 138
Possible Responses to Thought Challenges	p. 138
Key Terms	p. 138
Further Readings	p. 139
Prenatal Development and Birth	p. 140
Assisted Reproduction	p. 142
Detecting Pregnancy	p. 142
In the News and on the Web Issues in Assisted Reproduction	p. 143
Stages of Prenatal Development	p. 144
Effects of Drugs and Other Agents on Prenatal Development	p. 149
Effects of Maternal Characteristics on Prenatal Development	p. 156
At a Glance AIDS in the United States and Canada	p. 159
In the News and on the Web Child Fathers Twins	p. 163
Childbirth	p. 165
At a Glance Births and Deaths in the United States and Canada	p. 168
Across Cultures A !Kung Woman's First Child	p. 169
At a Glance Cesarean Delivery in the United States	p. 173
Prematurity	p. 179
At a Glance Birth Weight and Prenatal Influences	p. 180
A Reassuring Note	p. 182
Main Points	p. 182
Focus Questions: Applications	p. 184
Possible Responses to Thought Challenges	p. 184
Key Terms	p. 184
Further Readings	p. 185
Infancy
Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy	p. 188
The Design of a Newborn	p. 190
Nutrition, Health, and Physical Growth in Infancy	p. 191
At a Glance Breast versus Bottle	p. 192
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome	p. 195
In the News and on the Web Infanticide	p. 196
At a Glance Sudden and Less Sudden Infant Deaths	p. 197
Brain and Behavior in Newborns	p. 198
Motor Development in Infancy	p. 201
Perceptual Development in Infancy	p. 207
At a Glance Research with Human Infants	p. 208
Memory in Infants	p. 213
Some Intellectual Achievements and Challenges of Infancy	p. 217
Basic Piagetian Ideas on Infancy	p. 221
Across Cultures Saliswa, an African Child	p. 222
Early Language Development	p. 226
From Sensation to Representation	p. 235
Main Points	p. 236
Focus Questions: Applications	p. 238
Possible Responses to Thought Challenges	p. 238
Key Terms	p. 238
Further Readings	p. 239
Social and Emotional Development in Infancy	p. 240
Social and Emotional Development in the Family Context	p. 242
Infant Temperament	p. 243
Infant Emotions	p. 249
Parent-Infant Attachments	p. 254
At a Glance Old Pillows, Thumbs, and Other Security Blankets	p. 255
At a Glance Monkeys without Mothers	p. 260
Infant Care	p. 268
At a Glance Working Mothers and Child Care	p. 269
Early Gender-Role Influence	p. 271
Across Cultures Indira's Sister	p. 272
Exceptionality in Infants	p. 273
At a Glance The Average, Socially Competent Infant	p. 274
In the News and on the Web: A Looming Crisis?	p. 274
The Whole Infant	p. 276
Main Points	p. 278
Focus Questions: Applications	p. 279
Possible Responses to Thought Challenges	p. 280
Key Terms	p. 280
Further Readings	p. 281
Early Childhood
Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood	p. 284
Children and Magical Thinking	p. 286
The Preschooler's Physical Growth	p. 286
At a Glance Preschoolers' Health Problems	p. 290
Motor Development	p. 290
Cognitive Development: The Preschooler's Memory	p. 293
Cognitive Development: Piaget's View	p. 297
In the News and on the Web: The Devil's Church	p. 298
Preschool Education	p. 305
At a Glance Preschool Enrollment	p. 308
Across Cultures Wai Wong's Kindergarten	p. 310
Language and the Preschooler	p. 312
At a Glance Speech at Age 4 Years, 6 Months	p. 315
Explanations of Language Development	p. 316
Language Problems, Thinking, and Communicating	p. 319
Across Cultures Bilingual Education	p. 322
Main Points	p. 325
Focus Questions: Applications	p. 326
Possible Responses to Thought Challenges	p. 326
Key Terms	p. 327
Further Readings	p. 327
Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood	p. 328
Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence	p. 330
Processes of Socialization	p. 334
Play	p. 339
Gender Roles in Early Childhood	p. 344
In the News and on the Web: Male-Making Recipes	p. 345
The Family	p. 350
Across Cultures Baruch, a Kibbutz Child	p. 353
Family Composition	p. 356
Divorce, One-Parent Families, and Stepfamilies	p. 358
At a Glance Family Living Arrangements of U.S. and Canadian Children	p. 359
Nonparental Caregivers	p. 363
Main Points	p. 365
Focus Questions: Applications	p. 367
Possible Responses to Thought Challenges	p. 368
Key Terms	p. 368
Further Readings	p. 369
Middle Childhood
Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood	p. 372
Physical and Motor Development	p. 374
In the News and on the Web: Apples and Pears	p. 378
Cognitive Development: Piaget's View	p. 383
Cognitive Development: Information Processing	p. 389
Intelligence	p. 396
A Triarchic Theory of Successful Intelligence	p. 398
Intellectual Exceptionality	p. 405
Across Cultures: Ruth Duskin and Other Quiz Kids	p. 412
The Magical Child	p. 416
Main Points	p. 416
Focus Questions: Applications	p. 418
Possible Responses to Thought Challenges	p. 418
Key Terms	p. 419
Further Readings	p. 419
Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood	p. 420
Social Cognition	p. 422
Self-Esteem	p. 425
Friends, Parents, and Peers	p. 429
In the News and on the Web Mommy's Soooo Very Glad That You	p. 430
In the News and on the Web Two Victims	p. 437
Child Victimization	p. 438
In the News and on the Web: Children in Cages	p. 439
At a Glance Violence and Punishment in the Home	p. 440
At a Glance Acute Child Victimization	p. 442
At a Glance Shaken Baby Syndrome	p. 443
Across Cultures Mash, an lxil Indian	p. 445
The Power of Television	p. 447
Socioemotional Exceptionality	p. 454
Main Points	p. 460
Focus Questions: Applications	p. 462
Possible Responses to Thought Challenges	p. 462
Key Terms	p. 463
Further Readings	p. 463
Adolescence
Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence	p. 466
A Period of Transitions	p. 468
Across Cultures Byoto's Superincision	p. 469
Biological and Physical Changes of Adolescence	p. 471
Nutrition and Eating Disorders	p. 477
At a Glance Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders	p. 483
Intellectual Development in Adolescence	p. 483
Adolescent Egocentrism	p. 489
At a Glance Adolescent Risks and Violent Deaths	p. 493
Moral Development in Adolescence	p. 494
Across Cultures Yeo-hsien Han, a Pious Child	p. 499
In the News and on the Web Gang Murder	p. 504
Main Points	p. 504
Focus Questions: Applications	p. 506
Possible Responses to Thought Challenges	p. 506
Key Terms	p. 507
Further Readings	p. 507
Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence	p. 508
The Self and Identity	p. 510
Parents and Peers	p. 519
Across Cultures Street Children	p. 522
Gender Stereotypes and Differences	p. 526
Sexuality and Adolescent Pregnancy	p. 529
At a Glance Births to Unmarried Teenagers	p. 532
The Turmoil Topics	p. 538
In the News and on the Web HIV Supercarrier	p. 539
At a Glance Gangs, Violence, and Delinquency	p. 540
At a Glance Changing Patterns of Drug Use	p. 545
Across Cultures Born-with-Two-Teeth and Bobby Thom Have a Smoke	p. 546
In the News and on the Web: Date Rape	p. 550
At a Glance Adolescent Suicide	p. 552
Ending on a Higher Note	p. 554
Main Points	p. 554
Focus Questions: Applications	p. 556
Possible Responses to Thought Challenges	p. 556
Key Terms	p. 557
Further Readings	p. 557
The End	p. 558
A Summary	p. 560
Two Other Views	p. 562
Glossary	p. 565
Bibliography	p. 588
Index	p. 642
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