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9780195127157

The Study of Human Nature A Reader

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780195127157

  • ISBN10:

    0195127153

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 1999-11-11
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press

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Summary

Now in a new edition, this exceptional anthology provides an introduction to a wide variety of views on human nature. Drawing from diverse cultures over three millennia, Leslie Stevenson has chosen selections ranging from ancient religious texts to contemporary theories based on evolutionary science. An ideal companion to the editor's recent book, Ten Theories of Human Nature, 3/e (OUP, 1998), this interdisciplinary reader can also be used independently. The Study of Human Nature, 2/e offers substantial selections illustrating the ten perspectives discussed in Ten Theories of Human Nature, 4/e --The Bible, Hinduism, Confucianism, Plato, Kant, Marx, Freud, Sartre, B.F. Skinner's behaviorism, and Konrad Lorenz's ethological diagnosis of human aggression. The Islamic tradition is represented by a selection from the 20th-century Iranian philosopher Ayatullah Murtaza Mutahhari. The 17th- and 18th-century philosophers Descartes, Hobbes, Hume, Rousseau, and Kant are also represented. Selections from Rousseau, J.S. Mill, and Nancy Holmstrom discuss alleged differences between women and men, and a paper by Henry Bracken deals with racial issues. Examples from E.O. Wilson's sociobiology and his critics are also included, together with material from Chomsky and from recent evolutionary psychology. This new edition includes more substantial selections from the Hindu, Confucian, and Christian traditions and provides more accessible extracts from Marx, Sartre, and Lorenz. An excellent reader for introductory courses in philosophy, religious studies, human nature, and intellectual history, The Study of Human Nature, 2/e, is also an essential resource for anyone interested in ancient, modern, and contemporary perspectives on human nature.

Author Biography

Leslie Stevenson is Reader in Logic and Metaphysics at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland.

Table of Contents

Preface v
The Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament)
1(8)
Genesis 1--3
2(5)
Psalms
7(2)
Hinduism
9(13)
Bribad Aranyaka Upanishad
10(4)
Katha Upanishad
14(8)
Confucianism
22(12)
Mencius, ``Human Nature Is Good''
23(4)
Hsun-tzu, ``Human Nature Is Evil''
27(7)
Plato
34(22)
Republic
35(21)
Christianity (the New Testament)
56(13)
St. Paul, Letter to the Romans
57(8)
St. Paul, First Letter to the Corinthians
65(4)
Islam
69(15)
Ayatullah Murtaza Mutahhari, ``Man and Faith''
70(14)
Rene Descartes
84(6)
Discourse on Method
85(5)
Thomas Hobbes
90(8)
Leviathan
91(7)
David Hume
98(11)
Treatise of Human Nature
99(10)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
109(8)
Emile
110(7)
Immanuel Kant
117(22)
Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View
118(9)
Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason
127(12)
Karl Marx
139(14)
The Materialist Theory of History
140(7)
Consciousness and the Division of Labour
147(6)
John Stuart Mill
153(9)
The Subjection of Women
154(8)
Charles Darwin
162(7)
The Descent of Man
163(6)
Sigmund Freud
169(16)
B. A. Farrell, ``A Reconstruction of Freud's Mature Theory''
170(15)
Jean-Paul Sartre
185(22)
Existentialism and Humanism
186(21)
B. F. Skinner
207(15)
About Behaviorism
208(14)
Konrad Lorenz
222(15)
On Aggression
223(14)
Noam Chomsky
237(20)
``Language and the Human Mind''
238(19)
Henry M. Bracken
257(13)
``Essence, Accident and Race''
258(12)
Edward O. Wilson
270(18)
On Human Nature
271(17)
Nancy Holmstrom
288(15)
``Do Women Have a Distinct Nature?''
289(14)
Steven Rose, Richard Lewontin, and Leon J. Kamin
303(13)
Not in Our Genes: Biology, Ideology and Human Nature
304(12)
Matt Ridley
1
The Origins of Virtue
317

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