Preface | p. vii |
Acknowledgments | p. ix |
Studying a Study | |
Introduction and Sample Test | p. 3 |
Uniform Frameworks | p. 5 |
Study Design | p. 13 |
Assignment | p. 16 |
Assessment | p. 21 |
Analysis | p. 26 |
Interpretation | p. 42 |
Extrapolation | p. 49 |
Randomized Clinical Trials | p. 57 |
Database Research: Nonconcurrent Cohort Studies | p. 76 |
Meta-Analysis | p. 85 |
Studying a Study: Questions to Ask and Flaw-Catching Exercises | p. 100 |
Testing a Test | |
Introduction to Testing a Test | p. 127 |
Variability of the Test | p. 130 |
Reference Interval | p. 133 |
Defining Disease: The Gold Standard | p. 142 |
Diagnostic Performance of Tests | p. 144 |
Comparing Tests | p. 153 |
Screening | p. 158 |
Testing a Test: Questions to Ask and Flaw-Catching Exercises | p. 166 |
Rating a Rate | |
Introduction to Rates | p. 179 |
Sampling of Rates | p. 184 |
Standardization of Rates | p. 188 |
Sources of Differences in Rates | p. 194 |
Putting It Together: Measuring Life Expectancy | p. 200 |
Rating a Rate: Questions to Ask and Flaw-Catching Exercises | p. 206 |
Considering Costs and Evaluating Effectiveness | |
Introduction and Study Design of Decision-Making Investigations | p. 217 |
Assignment | p. 227 |
Assessment | p. 235 |
Analysis | p. 240 |
Interpretation | p. 249 |
Extrapolation | p. 256 |
Decision-Making Investigations: Questions to Ask and Flaw-Catching Exercises | p. 262 |
Selecting a Statistic | |
Basic Principles | p. 275 |
Univariable Analyses | p. 285 |
Bivariable Analyses | p. 292 |
Multivariable Analyses | p. 301 |
Flowchart Summary | p. 313 |
Glossary | p. 321 |
Subject Index | p. 343 |
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