Successful Breastfeeding

by RCM

• ISBN13: 9780443059674
• ISBN10: 0443059675
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-11-05
• Publisher: CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE

Summary

A fully revised and updated edition of this successful guide to breastfeeding. A short, succinct authoritative, pocket book guide to the how and why of breastfeeding. Written by a group of experts in infant feeding brought together by the Royal College of Midwives. This is an invaluable source of information for midwives, health visitors and others supporting breastfeeding mothers as well as the mothers themselves.

Table of Contents

Preface	xii
Introduction	xiii
The background	xvii
Why breastfeed?	1	(22)
The limitations of breastmilk substitutes	1	(1)
Composition	2	(1)
Oils	3	(1)
Breast milk and substitutes compared	3	(7)
Royal college of Midwives comparison chart	3	(1)
Protein	4	(2)
Free amino acids	6	(1)
Cholesterol	6	(1)
Fatty acids	6	(2)
Carbohydrate	8	(1)
Minearls	9	(1)
Trace elements	9	(1)
Bioavailability	10	(1)
Biologically different	10	(1)
Further issues	10	(4)
Errors during manufacture	10	(1)
Errors during preparation	11	(1)
Controlling intake	12	(1)
Nutritional summary	12	(1)
Immunological factors	12	(2)
Other substances	14	(1)
Disadvantages of bottle-feeding	14	(2)
Health risks for the child	14	(1)
Disadvantages for the mother	15	(1)
Fertility	15	(1)
The economics of not breastfeeding	16	(7)
Understanding how a baby breastfeeds	23	(13)
Milk production and the role of lactational hormones	23	(1)
Colostrum and milk production in the first week of life	24	(3)
Colostrum	24	(1)
Milk volume	25	(1)
Milk removal	25	(2)
Feedback inhibition of lactation	27	(1)
Milk release and infant 'sucking'	27	(6)
Changes in the breast during pregnancy and parturition	33	(1)
Variations in breast size	33	(3)
Duration and frequency of feeds	36	(5)
Duration of feeds	36	(1)
Frequency of feeds	37	(2)
Initiation of breastfeeding	37	(1)
Range of feed frequencies from the first week onwards	37	(2)
Variability in intake/infant appetite	39	(2)
Correct positioning and attachment of the baby at the breast	41	(19)
Introduction	41	(1)
The different appearances of breast-and bottle-feeding	41	(2)
When to offer help to the mother	43	(1)
Steps to achieving correct attachment	43	(6)
Indications that the baby is properly attached	49	(2)
Ways in which the midwife can help directly	51	(2)
Postural considerations	53	(7)
Suggestions for the first feed	53	(1)
Helping the mother to feed lying down	53	(3)
Helping the mother to feed sitting up	56	(1)
Position and posture of the midwife	57	(3)
Factors that have been shown to help	60	(18)
Advice and support at the first feed	60	(3)
Unrestricted feeds	63	(3)
Unrestricted duration of feeds	63	(1)
Unrestricted frequency of feeds	64	(2)
Feeding the baby at night	66	(3)
The value of night feeds	66	(1)
Rooming in	67	(1)
Bedding-in	67	(2)
The mother's sleep	69	(1)
Monitoring the baby's health and well-being	69	(9)
Weight	70	(1)
Weight gain	70	(1)
Weight variations	71	(1)
Stools	72	(1)
General health	73	(5)
Factors that have been shown to be unhelpful	78	(11)
Additional fluids for breastfed babies	78	(3)
Dehydration	78	(1)
Jaundice	79	(1)
Hypoglycaemia	79	(1)
Hazards of additional fluids	80	(1)
Test weighing	81	(1)
Unsubstantiated `advice' to mothers in relation to food, drink and rest	81	(8)
Additional fluids for breastfeeding mothers	82	(1)
Additional calories for breastfeeding mothers	83	(1)
Dietary prohibitions for breastfeeding mothers	84	(5)
Protecting breastfeeding	89	(4)
Provision of free samples to mothers	89	(1)
Promotion of breastmilk substitutes	90	(3)
WHO code	90	(2)
Baby Friendly Hospital initiative and the Ten Steps	92	(1)
Antenatal and postnatal considerations	93	(22)
Influencing the decision to breastfeed	93	(2)
Antenatal classes	94	(1)
Sustaining the decision to breastfeed	95	(1)
Prevention of feeding problems	96	(2)
Antenatal preparation	96	(1)
Nipple shape	97	(1)
Nipple preparation	97	(1)
Postnatal care of the breasts	98	(1)
Cleanliness	98	(1)
Creams and ointments	98	(1)
Limiting sucking time	99	(1)
Treatment of sore nipples	99	(3)
Resting, expressing and repositioning (reattachment)	100	(1)
Damaged nipples and moist wound healing	101	(1)
Nipple shields	101	(1)
Hand expression	102	(1)
How to help a mother to hand express	102	(1)
Prevention and treatment of engorgement	103	(2)
Vascular engorgement	103	(1)
Milk engorgement	104	(1)
Prevention of engorgement	104	(1)
Treatment	104	(1)
Prevention and treatment of mastitis	105	(10)
Non-infective mastitis	106	(1)
Infective mastitis	106	(1)
Prevention of non-infective mastitis	106	(1)
Prevention of infective mastitis	107	(1)
Treatment of mastitis	107	(8)
Notes on less common problems	115	(9)
Baby vomiting blood or digested blood in stools	115	(1)
Blood in milk or colostrum	115	(1)
Blanching of the nipple (white nipple)	116	(1)
Thrush infection	116	(1)
Contact dermatitis	117	(1)
Diabetes	117	(1)
Epilepsy	117	(1)
Anticoagulant therapy	117	(1)
Other drugs and breastfeeding	117	(1)
Mammary surgery	118	(1)
Cleft lip	118	(1)
Cleft palate	118	(1)
Down syndrome	118	(1)
Tandem feeding	119	(1)
Breast abscess	119	(1)
Inverted nipples	119	(1)
HIV and breastfeeding	120	(1)
Hepatitis B	121	(1)
Hepatitis C	121	(1)
Herpes simplex infection	121	(3)
Breastfeeding under special circumstances	124	(10)
Preterm infants	124	(1)
HIV and milk banking	125	(1)
Caesarean section	126	(1)
Twins	126	(1)
Triplets	127	(1)
Establishing lactation with an electric pump	127	(3)
How to help a mother express using an electric pump	128	(1)
Silicone inserts for pump collection kits	129	(1)
Storage of breast milk or colostrum	129	(1)
Alternatives to bottle-feeding	130	(1)
Babies being cared for in units other than maternity units	131	(3)
Appendix 1: The Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding	134	(1)
Appendix 2: National and international voluntary organisations	135	(3)
Appendix 3: Breastfeeding initiatives in the UK	138	(6)
Appendix 4: Further reading	144	(2)
Appendix 5: Health benefits of breastfeeding	146	(6)
Appendix 6: Royal College of Midwives Comparison chart	152
Index	151