Synthesis, Properties And Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond

by Gruen, Dieter M.; Shenderova, Olga A.; Vul', Alexander Ya

• ISBN13: 9781402033216
• ISBN10: 1402033214
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-06-20
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) is one of the important triad of nanostructured carbons which includes fullerenes and nanotubes. This new kind of diamond composed of 3'¬"5 nm crystallites is an exemplar par excellence of the profound changes in properties that can accompany the reduction in size of a material to low single digit nanometer dimensions. UNCD occurs in two forms: as a dispersed powder made by detonation techniques and as a chemical vapor deposited film. Two communities of scientists, each focused on one of these fields, had up to now, been working independently of each other largely unaware of the vast synergistic relationships existing between them. The NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW), the basis for the Proceedings, was held June 7'¬"10 in St. Petersburg, Russia to bring the two communities closer together. Fostering collaborations between them, to hasten the exploitation of the scientific and technological treasure trove awaiting imaginative explorers to reveal the still largely untapped potential hidden in these materials.This Proceedings volume will be of interest to a wide audience of scientists and engineers - indeed all those who wish to become familiar with the unique properties of UNCD particles and films that make them potentially very useful for a wide variety of applications. It is particularly noteworthy that much of the Russian work on disperse UNCD is available here in English for the first time. The outstanding experts in the two fields are represented in this volume discussing the basic theoretical concepts underlying the synthesis and characterization of these nanomaterials on the one hand and describing progress that has been made in several areas of applications. For UNCD particles, applications include their use in nanocomposites, selective adsorbents, colloidal suspensions, microabrasives, lubricants, quantum dots, cold-cathodes and many others. For UNCD films, their smooth, highly dense, pin-hole free characteristics lead to conformal coatings of very high aspect ratio structures and applications in MEMS, biosensors, as well as electrochemical, and nerve prostheses. The films can be made both n- and p-type conducting thus enabling many potential electronic applications such as high temperature, highly rectifying diodes, FET's, thermoelectrics, etc.The Proceedings will be very useful as an introduction to an important and rapidly evolving field of nanoscience and nanomaterials; as a text for a special topics graduate course; or as a starting point for those interested in the development of new approaches to problems that have hitherto defied solution for lack of suitable materials. It is to be hoped that the wider scientific community will be as intrigued and challenged by these presentations as were the participants of the NATO ARW.

Table of Contents

Foreword	ix
I. New Forms of Nanocarbon. Theory and Observation
1. Carbon Family at the Nanoscale
O.A. Shenderova, Z. Hu, and D. Brenner	1	(14)
2. Structural and Electronic Properties of Isolated Nanodiamonds: a Theoretical Perspective
J.-Y. Raty and G. Galli	15	(10)
3. From Nanodiamond to Nanowires
A. Barnard	25	(14)
4. Quantum Chemical Studies of Growth Mechanisms of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond
L.A. Curtiss, P. Zapol, M. Sternberg, P.C. Redfern, D.A. Horner, and D.M. Gruen	39	(10)
5. Nanodiamonds in the Cosmos Microstructural and Trapped Element Isotopic Data
T.L. Daulton	49	(14)
6. Diamond Molecules Found in Petroleum. New Members of the H-Terminated Diamond Series
R.M.K. Carlson, J.E.P. Dahl, S.G. Liu, M.M. Olmstead, P.R. Buerki, and R. Gat	63	(16)
II. Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Films
7. Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Diamond Films in Ar/H2/CH4 Microwave Discharges
F. Bénédic, F. Mohasseb, P. Bruno, F. Silva, G. Lombardi, K. Hassouni, and A. Gicquel	79	(14)
8. Modelling of Ar/H2/CH4 Microwave Discharges used for Nanocrystalline Diamond Growth
F. Mohasseb, K. Hassouni, F. Bénédic, G. Lombardi, and A. Gicquel	93	(16)
9. Nanodiamond Seeding for Nucleation and Growth of CVD Diamond Films
V. Ralchenko, A. Saveliev, S. Voronina, A. Dementjev, K. Maslakov, M. Salerno, A. Podesta, and P. Milani	109	(16)
10. Mechanism and Properties of Nanodiamond Films Deposited by the DC-GD-CVD Process
A. Hoffman	125	(20)
11. Nanodiamond Injection into the Gas-Phase During CVD Diamond Film Growth
N.A. Feoktistov, V.G. Golubev, S.A. Grudinkin, A.V. Nashchekin, T.S. Perova, and A. Ya. Vul'	145	(12)
12. Stabilization of Diamond-Like Nanoclusters by Metallic Atoms and the Epitaxial Growth of Diamond Films: ab initio Simulation
V.G. Zavodinsky	157	(12)
III. Detonation nanodiamond
III.1 Formation of Detonation Nanodiamond
13. The Formation Kinetics of Detonation Nanodiamonds
V.M. Titov, B.P. Tolochko, K.A. Ten, L.A. Lukyanchikov, and P.I. Zubkov	169	(12)
14. Nanocarbon Phase Diagram and Conditions for Detonation Nanodiamond Formation
V.V. Danilenko	181	(18)
15. Nanodiamond Graphitization and Properties of Onion-Like Carbon
V.L. Kuznetsov and Yu.V. Butenko	199	(18)
III.2 Modification and Properties of Detonation Nanodiamond
16. Physical and Chemical Problems of Modification of Detonation Nanodiamond Surface Properties
V. Yu. Dolmatov and T. Fujimura	217	(14)
17. Disintegration and Purification of Crude Aggregates of Detonation Nanodiamond A Few Remarks on Nano Methodology
E. Osawa	231	(10)
18. Purification and Functionalization of Nanodiamond
B.V. Spitsyn, M.N. Gradoboev, T.B. Galushko, T.A. Karpukhina, N.V. Serebryakova, I.I. Kulakova, and N.N. Melnik	241	(12)
19. Interaction of Carbon Atoms with Nanodiamond Surface
A.P. Dementjev, K.I. Maslakov, and A.V. Naumkin	253	(8)
20. Physical and Chemical Properties of Modified Nanodiamonds
A.P. Puzyr, V.S. Bondar, A.A. Bukayemsky, G.E. Selyutin, and V.F. Kargin	261	(10)
21. Magnetic Resonance Study of Nanodiamonds
A.I. Shames, A.M. Panich, W. Kempinski, M.V. Baidakova, V. Yu. Osipov, T. Enoki, and A. Ya. Vul'	271	(12)
22. Infrared Spectra of Explosion Nanodiamonds: a Comparison with Spectra of Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Films
W.W. Duley, V.I. Grishko, and O.A. Shenderova	283	(6)
23. Conversion of Elemental Substances and Inorganic Compounds to Carbon Nanostructures
V.G. Lutsenko	289	(10)
24. The Fine and Fractal Structure and Protonic Conductivity of Phosphosilicate-Diamond Sol-Gel Nanocomposites
V.V. Shilov, Yu. P. Gomza, O.A. Shilova, V.I. Padalko, L.N. Efimova, and S.D. Nesin	299	(12)
III.3 Industrial Production of Detonation Nanodiamonds
25. Facilities for Ultradisperse Diamond Production
T.M. Gubarevich, and D.N. Gamanovich	311	(10)
26. Ultradisperse Diamond Regeneration from Composite Electrolytes of Chromium Plating
T.M. Gubarevich, L.E. Chernukho, V.P. Kulik, and R.G. Shtempljuk	321	(12)
27. Synthesis and Processing of Chelyabinsk Detonation Nanodiamonds
I.L. Petrov	333	(4)
28. Conversion Raw Materials in Industrial Production of Ultradisperse Diamonds
T.M. Gubarevich and D.N. Gamanovich	337	(8)
29. Ultradisperse Diamond Modifications in the Composite Gilding Process
T.M. Gubarevich and L.E. Chernukho	345
IV. Applications of Nanodiamond
30. Applying CVD Diamond and Particulate Nanodiamond
J.-L. Davidson, W.P. Kang	357	(16)
31. Electronic Properties and Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond
O.A. Williams, T. Zimmermann, M. Kubovic, A. Denisenko, E. Kohn, R.B Jackman and D.M Gruen	373	(10)
32. Thermoelectric Effect in Field Electron Emission from Nanocarbon
A. Ya. Vul', E.D. Eidelman, and A.T. Dideikin	383	(12)
Authors Index	395	(2)
Subject Index	397	(2)
List of Workshop Participants	399