Synthetic Pyrethroids Occurrence and Behavior in Aquatic Environments

by Gan, Jay; Spurlock, Frank; Hendley, Paul; Weston, Donald

• ISBN13: 9780841274334
• ISBN10: 0841274339
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-08-19
• Publisher: American Chemical Society

Summary

This book examines the fate and effects of pyrethroid compounds, with an emphasis on processes leading to off-site movement, impacts on aquatic ecosystems, and approaches for risk mitigation. It contains new studies and up-to-date reviews in 20 information-packed chapters. Synthetic pyrethroids are an important class of insecticides that have found widespread use in both urban and agricultural systems. Their importance will likely increase further as the use of some organophosphate and carbamate products, e.g., diazinon and chlorpyrifos, is becoming restricted. The increased use, along with the heightened awareness of nonpoint source pollution and its impacts on surface water quality has stimulated research leading to detections of pyrethroid residues in surface aquatic systems. Consequently, research on the fate, transport and ecotoxicological effects of pyrethroids has expanded considerably over the last decade. This book describes various aspects of recent research and developments related to pyrethroid use patterns, occurrence in aquatic environments, analytical methods, fate and distribution, aquatic toxicology, chirality, and stewardship and risk mitigation. Many of the topics covered in this book are highly up to date and address emerging issues related to the widely used pyrethroid insecticides. A similar book does not exist.

Author Biography

The four editors represent academia (Gan and Weston), regulatory (Spurlock) and industry (Hendley) sectors. All editors are senior researchers at the full professor or equivalent level. All editors have closely worked on pesticide related topics, including occurrence and regulation (Weston and Spurlock), aquatic toxicology (Weston), registration (Hendley), environmental fate processes (Gan, Spurlock, and Hendley), bioavailability (Gan, Hendley, and Spurlock), chirality (Gan), analysis (Gan), and risk mitigation (Weston and Gan).

Table of Contents

Overview and Occurrence
Synthetic Pyrethroid Use Patterns, Properties, and Environmental Effects	p. 3
Sediment Toxicity in Agricultural Areas of California and the Role of Hydrophobic Pesticides	p. 26
Occurrence of Pyrethroids in Bed and Suspended Sediments in California	p. 55
Assessment of Pyrethroid Contamination of Streams in High-Use Agricultural Regions of California	p. 72
Analytical Methodology
Quantification of Pyrethroid Insecticides at Sub-ppb Levels in Sediment Using Matrix-Dispersive Accelerated Solvent Extraction with Tandem SPE Cleanup	p. 87
Analysis of Pyrethroid Pesticides in Sediment and Waters by EPA Method 8270 Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) Narrow-Range Scan Selected Ion Monitoring	p. 114
Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) Methods to Measure Bioavailable Concentrations in Surface Waters	p. 130
Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) Methods to Measure Bioavailable Concentrations in Sediment	p. 149
Fate and Transport Processes
Synthetic Pyrethroids in Agricultural Surface Waters: Exposure, Effects, and Risk Mitigation	p. 171
Persistence and Phase Distribution in Sediment	p. 203
Predicted Runoff Loads of Permethrin to the Sacramento River and Its Tributaries	p. 223
Chiral Selectivity in the Environmental Fate of Pyrethroids	p. 238
Aquatic Toxicology
Ecological Risk Characterization for the Synthetic Pyrethroids	p. 257
Effects of Pyrethroid Insecticides on Aquatic Organisms	p. 310
Aquatic Fate and Effects of Lambda-cyhalothrin in Model Ecosystem Experiments	p. 335
Patterns of Pyrethroid Contamination and Toxicity in Agricultural and Urban Stream Segments	p. 355
Recent Advances in Sediment Toxicity Identification Evaluations Emphasizing Pyrethroid Pesticides	p. 370
Chemical Analysis and Enantioselective Toxicity of Pyrethroids	p. 398
Risk Mitigation and Stewardship
Mitigation of Permethrin in Irrigation Runoff by Vegetated Agricultural Drainage Ditches in California	p. 415
Reduction of Pyrethroid Runoff from a Commercial Nursery	p. 426
Author Index	p. 449
Subject Index	p. 451
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