Systems of War and Peace

by Caplow, Theodore; Hicks, Louis

• ISBN13: 9780761821984
• ISBN10: 0761821988
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-12-01
• Publisher: UPA

Summary

War and peace are as important as other institutions- science, politics, family, economy, religion, etc.- but rarely receive the same level of sociological attention. Systems of War and Peace covers this gap by presenting a coherent framework for understanding why and how wars start and end; what military organizations are, how they function, and where they came from; plus, how peace has been achieved in the past and how it can be achieved in the future.

Author Biography

Theodore Caplow is the Commonwealth Professor of Sociology at the University of Virginia Louis Hicks is an associate professor of sociology at St. Mary's College of Maryland

Table of Contents

Preface to the Second Edition	ix
Preface to the First Edition	xi
Part One - Institutional Patterns
War as a Social Institution	3	(18)
The Nature of Social Conflict	3	(2)
The Typical Sequence of Social Conflict	5	(3)
Basic Types of Social Conflict	8	(2)
Clues from Animal Behavior	10	(1)
Is War Instinctive?	11	(1)
The Evolution of War	12	(4)
The Increasing Lethality of War	16	(1)
Types of War	17	(2)
For Further Reading	19	(2)
Peace as a Social Institution	21	(18)
The King's Peace	21	(1)
Religious Peace	22	(1)
Immunity and Sanctuary	22	(1)
National Fusion and Fission	23	(6)
Balances of Power	29	(1)
Peace through Deterrence	30	(2)
Peacekeeping Organizations	32	(1)
The Diplomatic Network	33	(2)
The Financial and Commercial Network	35	(1)
Multinational Institutions	35	(1)
Conflict Resolution	36	(1)
For Further Reading	37	(2)
Theoretical Models of War and Peace	39	(14)
A Simplified Model of the Interaction of States	39	(1)
A Simplified Model of Internecine War	40	(1)
Objections to the Simplified Models	41	(1)
The Geometry of Coalitions	42	(4)
Expected Utility Theory	46	(1)
The Behavior of National Governments	47	(2)
National Governments as Social Actors	49	(1)
Other Approaches to Explaining War	50	(2)
For Further Reading	52	(1)
International Law	53	(10)
Public International Law	53	(1)
Sources of International Law	54	(2)
The Blighted Hopes of 1907	56	(4)
Enforcement of International Law	60	(1)
The Growth of International Law	61	(1)
For Further Reading	61	(2)
The Contemporary War System	63	(12)
War in the Late Twentieth Century	63	(1)
High-intensity and Low-intensity War	64	(1)
The Distribution of Military Power	65	(1)
The International Arms Trade	66	(2)
Political Functions of Modern Armed Forces	68	(2)
Public Opinion and War	70	(2)
For Further Reading	72	(3)
Part Two - Military Systems
The Origins of Modern Military Organization	75	(20)
The Roman Legion and the Pax Romana	75	(3)
War in the Dark Ages	78	(1)
Feudal Chivalry	79	(2)
The Condottiere System in Renaissance Italy	81	(1)
Maurice of Nassau and the Choreography of Drill	82	(2)
The American and French Revolutionary Armies	84	(4)
The American Civil War	88	(1)
The Great War	89	(1)
Colonization and Decolonization	90	(2)
For Further Reading	92	(3)
Modern Military Organization	95	(22)
Horizontal, Vertical and Zonal Differentiation	95	(8)
Vertical and Horizontal Replication	103	(1)
Horizontal and Vertical Mobility	104	(1)
Social Control in the Armed Forces	105	(4)
Military Law	109	(3)
Observability and Conformity	112	(1)
Research on Military Organizations	113	(1)
Military Sociology	114	(1)
For Further Reading	115	(2)
Military Culture	117	(24)
Rituals	117	(4)
Military Etiquette	121	(1)
Military Language	121	(2)
The Stratification of Armed Forces	123	(4)
Other Military Relationships	127	(3)
Battle Experience	130	(1)
The Demography of Armed Forces	131	(2)
Sexuality and the Military	133	(2)
Ethnicity in the Military	135	(2)
Conscription	137	(1)
For Further Reading	138	(3)
Military Technology	141	(12)
Material and Social Technology	141	(1)
Technological Evolution	142	(3)
The Age of Discovery	145	(1)
Attack and Defense	146	(1)
Nuclear Weapons	147	(2)
Conventional Weapons	149	(1)
Chemical and Biological Weapons	150	(1)
For Further Reading	151	(2)
Military Success and Failure	153	(10)
The VISA Model	153	(3)
Success in Battle	156	(5)
Success in War	161	(1)
For Further Reading	161	(2)
The Social Effects of War	163	(18)
War and Social Structure	163	(2)
The Rise of the State	165	(2)
The Costs and Benefits of War	167	(1)
Home Front Effects	168	(1)
Demographic Consequences	168	(2)
Effects of Defeat	170	(1)
The Last War and the Next	170	(1)
War and Religion	171	(1)
War and Education	171	(1)
War and the Family	172	(1)
War and Science	173	(1)
War and Technological Innovation	173	(1)
War and the Economy	174	(1)
War and Leisure	175	(1)
War and Culture	176	(1)
For Further Reading	177	(4)
Part Three - Peacekeeping Systems
Peace Projects	181	(12)
Millennial Movements	181	(2)
Peace through Revolution	183	(1)
Peace through Democracy	184	(1)
Rational Pacifism	184	(1)
World Empires	185	(3)
World Federation	188	(3)
For Further Reading	191	(2)
Peacekeeping Organizations	193	(8)
Leagues of Princes	193	(3)
The Holy Alliance and the Concert of Europe	196	(1)
The League of Nations	196	(1)
The United Nations	197	(2)
The Lessons Learned	199	(1)
For Further Reading	200	(1)
Arms Control	201	(8)
Disarmament	201	(1)
The Regulation of Arms Races	202	(3)
The Prohibition of Atrocious Weapons	205	(2)
For Further Reading	207	(2)
Postscript	209	(2)
Appendix: The Analysis of Particular Wars	211	(26)
References	237	(16)
Index	253	(20)
About the Authors	273