Systems of War and Peace

by Caplow, Theodore; Hicks, Louis

• ISBN13: 9780819198587
• ISBN10: 0819198587
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1995-12-01
• Publisher: Univ Pr of Amer

Summary

War and peace are as important as other institutions- science, politics, family, economy, religion, etc.- but rarely receive the same level of sociological attention. Systems of War and Peace covers this gap by presenting a coherent framework for understanding why and how wars start and end; what military organizations are, how they function, and where they came from; plus, how peace has been achieved in the past and how it can be achieved in the future.

Author Biography

Theodore Caplow is the Commonwealth Professor of Sociology at the University of Virginia Louis Hicks is an associate professor of sociology at St. Mary's College of Maryland

Table of Contents

Preface to the Second Edition	p. ix
Preface to the First Edition	p. xi
Institutional Patterns
War as a Social Institution	p. 3
The Nature of Social Conflict	p. 3
The Typical Sequence of Social Conflict	p. 5
Basic Types of Social Conflict	p. 8
Clues from Animal Behavior	p. 10
Is War Instinctive?	p. 11
The Evolution of War	p. 12
The Increasing Lethality of War	p. 16
Types of War	p. 17
For Further Reading	p. 19
Peace as a Social Institution	p. 21
The King's Peace	p. 21
Religious Peace	p. 22
Immunity and Sanctuary	p. 22
National Fusion and Fission	p. 23
Balances of Power	p. 29
Peace through Deterrence	p. 30
Peacekeeping Organizations	p. 32
The Diplomatic Network	p. 33
The Financial and Commercial Network	p. 35
Multinational Institutions	p. 35
Conflict Resolution	p. 36
For Further Reading	p. 37
Theoretical Models of War and Peace	p. 39
A Simplified Model of the Interaction of States	p. 39
A Simplified Model of Internecine War	p. 40
Objections to the Simplified Models	p. 41
The Geometry of Coalitions	p. 42
Expected Utility Theory	p. 46
The Behavior of National Governments	p. 47
National Governments as Social Actors	p. 49
Other Approaches to Explaining War	p. 50
For Further Reading	p. 52
International Law	p. 53
Public International Law	p. 53
Sources of International Law	p. 54
The Blighted Hopes of 1907	p. 56
Enforcement of International Law	p. 60
The Growth of International Law	p. 61
For Further Reading	p. 61
The Contemporary War System	p. 63
War in the Late Twentieth Century	p. 63
High-intensity and Low-intensity War	p. 64
The Distribution of Military Power	p. 65
The International Arms Trade	p. 66
Political Functions of Modern Armed Forces	p. 68
Public Opinion and War	p. 70
For Further Reading	p. 72
Military Systems
The Origins of Modern Military Organization	p. 75
The Roman Legion and the Pax Romana	p. 75
War in the Dark Ages	p. 78
Feudal Chivalry	p. 79
The Condottiere System in Renaissance Italy	p. 81
Maurice of Nassau and the Choreography of Drill	p. 82
The American and French Revolutionary Armies	p. 84
The American Civil War	p. 88
The Great War	p. 89
Colonization and Decolonization	p. 90
For Further Reading	p. 92
Modern Military Organization	p. 95
Horizontal, Vertical and Zonal Differentiation	p. 95
Vertical and Horizontal Replication	p. 103
Horizontal and Vertical Mobility	p. 104
Social Control in the Armed Forces	p. 105
Military Law	p. 109
Observability and Conformity	p. 112
Research on Military Organizations	p. 113
Military Sociology	p. 114
For Further Reading	p. 115
Military Culture	p. 117
Rituals	p. 117
Military Etiquette	p. 121
Military Language	p. 121
The Stratification of Armed Forces	p. 123
Other Military Relationships	p. 127
Battle Experience	p. 130
The Demography of Armed Forces	p. 131
Sexuality and the Military	p. 133
Ethnicity in the Military	p. 135
Conscription	p. 137
For Further Reading	p. 138
Military Technology	p. 141
Material and Social Technology	p. 141
Technological Evolution	p. 142
The Age of Discovery	p. 145
Attack and Defense	p. 146
Nuclear Weapons	p. 147
Conventional Weapons	p. 149
Chemical and Biological Weapons	p. 150
For Further Reading	p. 151
Military Success and Failure	p. 153
The VISA Model	p. 153
Success in Battle	p. 156
Success in War	p. 161
For Further Reading	p. 161
The Social Effects of War	p. 163
War and Social Structure	p. 163
The Rise of the State	p. 165
The Costs and Benefits of War	p. 167
Home Front Effects	p. 168
Demographic Consequences	p. 168
Effects of Defeat	p. 170
The Last War and the Next	p. 170
War and Religion	p. 171
War and Education	p. 171
War and the Family	p. 172
War and Science	p. 173
War and Technological Innovation	p. 173
War and the Economy	p. 174
War and Leisure	p. 175
War and Culture	p. 176
For Further Reading	p. 177
Peacekeeping Systems
Peace Projects	p. 181
Millennial Movements	p. 181
Peace through Revolution	p. 183
Peace through Democracy	p. 184
Rational Pacifism	p. 184
World Empires	p. 185
World Federation	p. 188
For Further Reading	p. 191
Peacekeeping Organizations	p. 193
Leagues of Princes	p. 193
The Holy Alliance and the Concert of Europe	p. 196
The League of Nations	p. 196
The United Nations	p. 197
The Lessons Learned	p. 199
For Further Reading	p. 200
Arms Control	p. 201
Disarmament	p. 201
The Regulation of Arms Races	p. 202
The Prohibition of Atrocious Weapons	p. 205
For Further Reading	p. 207
Postscript	p. 209
The Analysis of Particular Wars	p. 211
References	p. 237
Index	p. 253
About the Authors	p. 273
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.