Tablet and Capsule Machine Instrumentation

by Watt, Peter Ridgway; Armstrong, N. Anthony

• ISBN13: 9780853696575
• ISBN10: 0853696578
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-11-29
• Publisher: Pharmaceutical Pr

Summary

Tablet and Capsule Machine Instrumentation is a practical guide to the techniques and applications of instrumentation used in the tabletting or capsule filling process. A combination of a sound formulation with a proper control of the tabletting or capsule filling process is necessary to produce a satisfactory tablet or capsule. These considerations require accurate measurements. The text provides a sound understanding of the principles and techniques involved, and of how data generated by instrumented machines can be applied to problems in pharmaceutical research, development and manufacture.

Author Biography

Peter Ridgway Watt was formerly Instrument Services Co-ordinator, Beecham Pharmaceuticals Research Division, UK. N Anthony Armstrong was formerly Senior Lecturer in Pharmaceutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, UK.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Contributors	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
A brief overview of instrumented systems	p. 2
Units of measurement	p. 4
The instrumentation of tablet presses and capsule-filling equipment	p. 6
References	p. 8
Further reading	p. 9
The measurement of force	p. 11
Introduction	p. 11
Strain measurement	p. 12
Strain gauges	p. 13
Sitting strain gauges	p. 22
The Wheatstone bridge circuit	p. 32
Load cells	p. 38
Miscellaneous methods	p. 46
References	p. 49
The installation of strain gauges	p. 51
Introduction	p. 51
Health and safety considerations	p. 51
Surface preparation	p. 51
Bonding with adhesive	p. 53
Leadwire attachment	p. 57
Protection of the installation	p. 58
Inspection and testing	p. 58
Specialist applications	p. 59
Tools and installation accessories	p. 61
Professional assistance	p. 63
References	p. 64
Further reading	p. 64
The measurement of displacement	p. 65
Introduction	p. 65
Displacement transducers with analogue output	p. 65
Displacement transducers with a digital output	p. 76
Dynamic measuring devices	p. 79
Miscellaneous methods of displacement measurement	p. 82
References	p. 84
Power supplies and data acquisition	p. 87
Introduction	p. 87
Gauge excitation level	p. 87
The power supply unit	p. 88
Mains noise	p. 89
Battery power	p. 91
Power supply to and data acquisition from tablet presses	p. 91
Signal display	p. 95
References	p. 97
Instrumented tablet presses	p. 99
Introduction	p. 99
The eccentric press	p. 99
Rotary tablet presses	p. 111
The measurement of displacement in tablet presses	p. 119
Measurement of ejection forces	p. 177
Measurement of punch pull-up and pull-down forces	p. 129
Measurement of punch face adhesive forces	p. 131
Instrumentation packages	p. 132
References	p. 136
Calibration of transducer systems	p. 139
Introduction	p. 139
Force	p. 140
Displacement	p. 142
Calibration problems	p. 145
Data handling	p. 147
Introduction	p. 147
Sampling system theory	p. 147
Electronics sub-systems	p. 153
Embedded systems	p. 157
Computer interfacing	p. 157
Software	p. 162
Data backup	p. 163
Further reading	p. 165
Applications of tablet press instrumentation	p. 167
Introduction	p. 167
Punch displacement-time profiles	p. 168
Force-time profiles	p. 176
Force-porosity relationships	p. 182
The force-displacement curve	p. 187
Punch velocity	p. 190
Die wall stress	p. 196
Applications of press instrumentation to lubrication studies	p. 201
References	p. 202
Further reading	p. 205
The instrumentation of capsule-filling machinery	p. 207
Introduction	p. 207
Capsule-filling equipment	p. 208
Instrumentation of dosating disk capsule-filling machines	p. 209
Instrumentation of dosating nozzle capsule-filling machines	p. 214
References	p. 220
Further reading	p. 222
Automatic control of tablet presses in a production environment	p. 223
Introduction	p. 223
The force-weight relationship	p. 224
Monitoring systems	p. 225
Control systems	p. 225
Reject systems	p. 226
Weighing systems	p. 227
Computer-controlled systems	p. 228
References	p. 239
Further reading	p. 240
Appendix: Suppliers of materials and services	p. 241
Index	p. 249
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