Target Organ Toxicity in Marine and Freshwater Teleosts: Organs

by Schlenk; Daniel

• ISBN13: 9780415248389
• ISBN10: 0415248388
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-04-12
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Addressing the numerous gaps in current information, Target Organ Toxicology in Marine and Freshwater Teleosts is an essential resource for researchers and professionals in aquatic toxicology and environmental risk assessment.All the chapters are written by researchers who are internationally recognised for their work in mechanistic aspects of aquatic toxicology. Each chapter focuses on a specific target organ or physiological system and describes how various agents disrupt the normal physiological system and processes. This volume is devoted to specific organs with coverage of the gill, kidney, skin, liver and gut. The companion volume, Systems, provides coverage of toxic effects in the central nervous, immune, neurobehavioural and reproductive systems as well as describing general mechanisms of toxicity.

Table of Contents

List of contributors	vii
Foreword	viii
Copyright acknowledgments	ix
Toxic responses of the gill	1	(89)
Chris M. Wood
Introduction	1	(1)
Functional anatomy	1	(12)
Basic physiology	13	(9)
General responses to toxicants	22	(9)
Specific responses to selected toxicants	31	(33)
Concluding remarks	64	(26)
Target organ toxicity in the kidney	90	(61)
Bodil K. Larsen
Everett J. Perkins
Introduction	90	(1)
Functional morphology of the teleost kidney	91	(7)
Overall kidney function	98	(2)
Urine formation	100	(17)
Control of kidney function	117	(7)
Concluding remarks on teleost kidney physiology	124	(2)
Nephrotoxicity	126	(13)
Concluding remarks on nephrotoxicity	139	(12)
Toxic responses of the skin	151	(73)
James M. Mckim
Gregory J. Lien
Introduction	151	(2)
Structure--function of fish skin	153	(13)
Skin absorption of xenobiotics	166	(16)
Toxic responses of the skin	182	(9)
Research needs	191	(33)
Toxic responses of the liver	224	(45)
David E. Hinton
Helmut Segner
Thomas Braunbeck
Introduction	224	(1)
Important aspects of fish liver anatomy related to interpretation of toxicity	225	(6)
Important aspects of fish liver physiology related to interpretation of toxicity	231	(5)
Studies with reference hepatotoxicants in fish	236	(5)
Hepatocellular adapation	241	(2)
Hepatobiliary system	243	(4)
In vitro model systems	247	(4)
Chronic toxicity -- liver carcinogenesis studies	251	(3)
Information gaps and future directions	254	(15)
Response of the teleost gastrointestinal system to xenobiotics	269	(94)
Kevin M. Kleinow
Margaret O. James
Introduction	269	(1)
Structure of the gastrointestinal tract	270	(11)
Gastrointestinal tract physiology	281	(9)
Xenobiotic absorption and disposition	290	(25)
Elimination	315	(2)
Gastrointestinal tract toxicity	317	(22)
Summary	339	(24)
Index	363