Target Organ Toxicity in Marine and Freshwater Teleosts: Systems

by Schlenk; Daniel

• ISBN13: 9780415248396
• ISBN10: 0415248396
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-05-17
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Addressing the numerous gaps in current information, Target Organ Toxicology in Marine and Freshwater Teleosts is an essential resource for researchers and professionals in aquatic toxicology and environmental risk assessment.All the chapters are written by researchers who are internationally recognised for their work in mechanistic aspects of aquatic toxicology. Each chapter focuses on a specific target organ or physiological system and describes how various agents disrupt the normal physiological system and processes. This volume provides coverage of toxic effects in the central nervous, immune, neurobehavioural and reproductive systems as well as describing general mechanisms of toxicity. The companion volume, Organs, is devoted to specific organs with coverage of the gill, kidney, skin, liver and gut.

Table of Contents

List of contributors	vii
Foreword	viii
Copyright acknowledgments	ix
General mechanisms of toxicity	1	(25)
Daniel Schlenk
Introduction	1	(1)
Disposition of xenobiotics	1	(6)
Chemical reactions of reactive intermediates/ultimate toxicants	7	(3)
Exceeding capacity of cellular defense mechanisms	10	(2)
Specific cellular targets	12	(7)
Targets involving repair and cellular regeneration	19	(5)
Summary	24	(2)
Toxic responses of the nervous system	26	(70)
Russell L. Carr
Janice E. Chambers
Introduction	26	(1)
Nervous system physiology	27	(14)
Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides	41	(6)
Pyrethroids	47	(7)
Anticholinesterase insecticides	54	(9)
Metals	63	(3)
Organics	66	(1)
Natural toxins	67	(7)
Conclusions	74	(22)
Fish immunotoxicology: understanding mechanisms of action	96	(43)
Charles D. Rice
Introduction	96	(6)
Innate, non-specific, and first-line defenses	102	(6)
Antigen processing and presentation for specific responses	108	(6)
Fish as models in biomedical research	114	(1)
Historical approaches to immunotoxicology	115	(1)
Mechanisms of action of some immunotoxicants	115	(4)
Autoimmunity and hypersensitivity: a frontier in fish immunotoxicology	119	(3)
The neuroendocrine-immune connection	122	(5)
Summary	127	(12)
Neurobehavioral toxicity in fish	139	(36)
Edward E. Little
Sandra K. Brewer
Introduction	139	(3)
Neural basis of behavioral toxicity	142	(18)
Toxicant impacts on higher behavioral function	160	(3)
Ecologic relevance of behavior as a predictor of contaminant effects in the natural environment	163	(2)
Conclusions	165	(10)
Toxic responses of the reproductive system	175	(28)
Lisa D. Arcand-Hoy
William H. Benson
Introduction	175	(1)
Hypothalamus--pituitary--gonadal axis	176	(4)
Gonadal development	180	(4)
Oocyate growth and maturation	184	(3)
Modes of nutrition	187	(1)
Targets for chemical toxicity	188	(1)
Egg-level effects	189	(1)
Alteration in egg yolk nutrients	189	(4)
Assessment of reproductive effects	193	(1)
Assessment of reproductive function	193	(1)
Reproductive toxicity guidelines	194	(3)
Conclusions	197	(6)
Index	203