Teaching In America

by Morrison, George S.

• ISBN13: 9780205453740
• ISBN10: 0205453740
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

";I feel that the text is a wonderful resource for beginning teachers. The format is interesting and reads well, the examples are thought provoking and I enjoy reading each section."; Eileen Mahoney Hudson Valley Community College";I appreciate the author's ability to provide a good text with the basic information beginning teachers need to get a sense for the context of teaching. The text contains a wealth of information and is both affordable and accessible for students."; Barbara C. Jentleson Duke UniversityTeaching in America, Fourth Edition, is a unique active learning text that provides pre-service teachers with comprehensive, current, and practical information about the profession of teaching and a realistic understanding of the foundations of education in America. The Fourth Edition maintains its unique, engaging ";working-text"; style, providing pre-service teachers with extensive opportunities to interact with the text while establishing both the foundations of American education and a clear picture of the realities of contemporary teaching. New to This Edition: bull; bull;NEW ";You Decide"; boxes explore controversial issues in American education today, provide Web links to further information, and encourage students to think about these issues and form their own opinions. bull;NEW ";What Does This Means for You?"; boxes connect complex concepts to the real world of schools and classrooms, helping students understand why and how this sometimes abstract information impacts the profession they are choosing. bull;NEW ";Guide to Preparing for Certification"; offers useful strategies for students who are preparing to take the certification examinations now required in most states for prospective teachers. bull;All standards information and correlations have been updated throughout the text. bull;Extensive revisions and updates to all chapters ensure that Teaching in America continues to provide the most current, comprehensive, and practical information available about the American educational system and American classrooms. In particular, chapters on diversity, students with special needs, parent and community involvement, curriculum and instruction, and technology include substantial new material. Please visit the companion web site for this book at www.ablongman.com/morrison4e where you will find practice quizzes, web links, activities, and more! Package this text with MyLabSchool-a powerful set of online tools that bring the classroom to life!With real video footage of teachers and students in the classroom, an interactive system for collecting observations, and a seamlessly integrated suite of tools for lesson planning, portfolio development, and standards integration from TaskStream, you'll get a clear sense of what being in a real classroom is like! Visit www.mylabschool.com for more information!

Table of Contents

Part ONE Teachers and Schools	1	(110)
1 What It Means to Be a Teacher	2	(34)
"Teaching is a way of life."	3	(1)
What Makes a Good Teacher?	4	(10)
Knowledge Base	4	(2)
Effective Teachers	6	(2)
Teacher Efficacy	8	(2)
Profile: The Qualities of a Good Teacher: Beverly San Agustin	9	(1)
Teacher Accountability	10	(2)
Education on the Move: Pay Plan Gets a Gold Star	11	(1)
What Is a Highly Qualified Teacher?	12	(2)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	13	(1)
What Do Teachers Do?	14	(8)
Teachers Are Decision Makers	14	(1)
Teachers Are Planners	15	(1)
Teachers Build Positive Learning Environments	16	(3)
Metaphors for Teaching	19	(3)
Profile: Teachers as Researchers: Diane D. Painter	21	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	21	(1)
Why Do Teachers Teach?	22	(4)
Intrinsic Rewards of Teaching	23	(2)
Extrinsic Rewards of Teaching	25	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Puttiug Yourself in the Picture	25	(1)
How Is Teaching Changing?	26	(8)
Patterns of Educational Reform	26	(4)
What Reform Movements Mean to Teachers	30	(8)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	32	(2)
Applications for Active Learning: Connections, Field Experiences, Personal Research	34	(1)
Preparing to Teach: For Your Portfolio, Idea File	35	(1)
Learning and Knowing More: Web Sites Worth Visiting, Books Worth Reading	35	(1)
2 Teaching as a Profession	36	(38)
"I am a professional."	37	(1)
Is Teaching a Profession?	38	(17)
Praxis and Teacher Certification Testing	38	(1)
The Professionalization of Teaching	39	(6)
Professional Ethics	45	(1)
Education on the Move: Coventry Leads the Way	45	(1)
Basing Practice on Evidence-Based Inquiry and Assessment	46	(3)
Professional Development	49	(1)
Professional Organizations for Teachers	50	(6)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	53	(2)
How Are Reform Movements Changing Teacher Education?	55	(1)
Changing Standards for Teacher Education	56	(6)
What Does This Mean for You?	58	(1)
Politics and Teacher Education Reform	58	(1)
What Does This Mean for You?	58	(1)
Changing Teacher Education Programs	59	(3)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	60	(2)
Who Are Today's Teachers?	62	(3)
Characteristics of the Teaching Force	62	(1)
Teacher Diversity	62	(3)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	64	(1)
What Job Opportunities Do You Have as a Teacher?	65	(7)
Salaries and Benefits	65	(3)
Teacher Supply and Demand	68	(1)
Teaching in Private, Independent, and Parochial Schools	68	(1)
Is Teaching for You?	69	(7)
Profile: Teaching in a Parochial School: Sister Alice Hess, I.H.M.	69	(1)
Profile: Teaching in an Independent School: Fraser A. Randolph	70	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	70	(2)
Applications for Active Learning: Connections, Field Experiences, Personal Research	72	(1)
Preparing to Teach: For Your Portfolio, Idea File	73	(1)
Learning and Knowing More: Web Sites Worth Visiting, Books Worth Reading	73	(1)
3 How Schools Are Organized and Linked to Society	74	(37)
"Public schools are the most important institutions in a democratic society."	75	(1)
What Is the Purpose of Schooling?	76	(4)
Aims of Education	76	(1)
Standards-Based Education	77	(3)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	78	(1)
Profile: Meeting the Challenge of Being in the Middle: Juanita Lampi	79	(1)
How Are Public Schools Organized?	80	(20)
The Structure of Schooling in the United States	81	(6)
Profile: Team Looping: Vicki Sheffler and Christa Pehrson	84	(1)
You Decide: Where Do You Stand on High Schools' Shifting Mission?	85	(2)
Education on the Move: Gates Foundation Says Small Schools Are Key to Education	87	(1)
Pre-K Programs	87	(1)
Kindergartens	88	(2)
Primary and Elementary Schools	90	(2)
Education on the Move: K-8 Schools-Popular Again!	91	(1)
Middle and Junior High Schools	92	(2)
Education on the Move: Schools for Ninth-Graders Only	93	(1)
High Schools	94	(2)
Alternative Learning Programs and Schools	96	(4)
You Decide: Have Charter Schools Lived Up to Their Promise?	98	(1)
What Does This Mean for You?	98	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	99	(1)
What Is It Like to Teach in Urban, Rural, and Suburban Schools?	100	(8)
Urban School Districts and Schools	101	(1)
Rural Schools	102	(2)
Profile: Teaching in Urban Schools: Marty Walker	103	(1)
Profile: Teaching in Rural Schools: Juanita Wilkerson	104	(1)
Suburban Schools	104	(1)
What Makes a Good School?	104	(1)
Profile: Teaching in Suburban Schools: Don Bott	105	(1)
How Schools Are Changing	105	(9)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	106	(2)
Applications for Active Learning: Connections, Field Experiences, Personal Research	108	(1)
Preparing to Teach: For Your Portfolio, Idea File	109	(1)
Learning and Knowing More: Web Sites Worth Visiting, Books Worth Reading	109	(2)
Part TWO Students, Families, and Communities	111	(112)
4 Teaching Diverse Students	112	(34)
"I consider this ESL program my greatest accomplishment."	113	(1)
America-A Nation of Diversity	114	(5)
How Does Socioeconomic Status Affect Teaching and Learning?	115	(4)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	118	(1)
How Do Racial and Ethnic Diversity Affect Teaching and Learning?	119	(6)
Cultural Impacts on Teaching and Learning	119	(2)
Helping Immigrant Students Learn	121	(1)
Academic Achievement and Race	122	(1)
Diversity Issues in School Life	122	(2)
You Decide: Should Race Be Used to Assign Students to Schools?	123	(1)
Diversity Issues in the Curriculum	124	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	124	(1)
What Is Multicultural Education?	125	(6)
What Are Models of Multicultural Education?	126	(2)
The Politics of Multiculturalism	128	(1)
Transformative Knowledge	128	(1)
The Multiculturally Aware Teacher	129	(2)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	130	(1)
How Does Language Influence Teaching and Learning?	131	(5)
Bilingual Education Legislation and Court Cases	132	(1)
NCLB and English Language Learning	132	(1)
Methods for Promoting English Language Learning	133	(1)
Research on English Language Learning	134	(2)
Education on the Move: Who Is Learning Arabic?	134	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying what You've learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	135	(1)
How Does Gender Affect Teaching and Learning?	136	(6)
Academic Achievement and Gender	136	(1)
Gender Issues in School Life	137	(3)
Education on the Move: The New Gender Gap: Boys Lagging	138	(2)
Providing a Gender-Fair Education 139 Single-Sex Schools and Classes	140	(8)
Education on the Move: Single-Sex Schools Stage a Comeback	140	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	141	(1)
Applications for Active Learning: Connections, Field Experiences, Personal Research	142	(1)
Preparing to Teach: For Your Portfolio, Idea File	143	(1)
Learning and Knowing More: Web Sites Worth Visiting, Books Worth Reading	143	(3)
5 Teaching Exceptional Learners and Students at Risk	146	(42)
"High expectations, safe environments, and parent collaboration."	147	(1)
What Laws and Definitions Provide for the Education of Exceptional Learners?	148	(6)
Students with Disabilities and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)	148	(3)
Individualized Education Programs and Individualized Family Service Plans	151	(3)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	153	(1)
What Are Mainstreaming and Inclusion?	154	(6)
The Full Inclusion Debate	154	(1)
Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities	155	(2)
Profile: Opening Doors: Chris	157	(1)
Teaching Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)	157	(3)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	157	(3)
How Can Professional Collaboration Enhance Education in Inclusive Classrooms?	160	(4)
Consultation and Collaboration	161	(1)
Co-Teaching	162	(2)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	162	(1)
Profile: It Takes Two! Co-Teaching and Collaboration: Susan Heintz and Kim Richardson	163	(1)
How Can You Teach Exceptional Learners in Your Classroom?	164	(7)
Using Assistive Technology	165	(1)
Teaching Gifted Learners	165	(6)
Profile: Jonathan	166	(1)
Education on the Move: Increasing Minorities in Gifted Programs	167	(3)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	170	(1)
What Factors Place Students at Risk and Affect Teaching and Learning?	171	(9)
Poverty	172	(1)
Education on the Move: Finding Ways to Educate Children of Homeless Families	173	(1)
Substance Abuse	173	(1)
HIV/AIDS	174	(1)
Truancy and Delinquency	175	(1)
Teen Pregnancy	176	(1)
What Does This Mean for You?	176	(1)
Violence	177	(3)
You Decide: Do Clothes Make the Student?	178	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	178	(2)
What Can Schools Do to Help Students at Risk?	180	(5)
Compensatory Education	181	(1)
Prevention Programs	182	(1)
Intervention Programs	182	(1)
Transition Programs	182	(1)
New Strategies	183	(7)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	184	(1)
Applications for Active Learning: Connections, Field Experiences, Personal Research	185	(1)
Preparing to Teach: For Your Portfolio, Idea File	186	(1)
Learning and Knowing More: Web Sites Worth Visiting, Books Worth Reading	186	(2)
6 Partners in Learning: Parents, Families, and the Community	188	(35)
"A business-school partnership-what a great idea!"	189	(1)
How Do Parents, Families, and Communities Influence Teaching and Learning?	190	(5)
Changing Families Affect Parent Involvement	190	(2)
How Does the Federal Government Influence Parent Involvement?	192	(1)
Other Legislation and Laws	193	(2)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	194	(1)
What Are Family-Centered Programs?	195	(6)
Family-Centered Curriculum and Instruction	197	(4)
Education on the Move: Even Start Gives Everyone a Fair Chance	197	(2)
Education on the Move: A Partnership for Literacy	199	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	200	(1)
What Is Parent Involvement?	201	(8)
Six Types of Parent/Family Involvement	201	(2)
Parent/Family Conferences	203	(2)
Home Visits	205	(1)
Involving Single-Parent Families	205	(1)
Involving Language-Minority Parents and Families	206	(1)
Culturally Appropriate Family Involvement	206	(3)
Education on the Move: New York City Gets Serious about Parent Involvement	207	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	208	(1)
What Educational Reforms Are Promoting Greater Parent Empowerment?	209	(5)
Site-Based Management	210	(1)
School Choice	210	(2)
You Decide: School Vouchers	212	(1)
Charter Schools	212	(2)
Profile: On Our Own: Karen Butterfield	213	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	213	(1)
How Can You Use the Community to Teach?	214	(6)
Developing Community-School Partnerships	215	(1)
Linking Schools, Communities, and Businesses	215	(1)
Profile: It Takes a 'Hood: The Harlem Children's Zone	216	(1)
Developing Social Capital	216	(1)
Working with Community Agencies	217	(1)
What Parents Can Do	218	(8)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	219	(1)
Applications for Active Learning: Connections, Field Experiences, Personal Research	220	(1)
Preparing to Teach: For Your Portfolio, Idea File	220	(1)
Learning and Knowing More: Web Sites Worth Visiting, Books Worth Reading	221	(2)
Part THREE Foundations of Education	223	(144)
7 Political and Economic Influences on American Education	224	(42)
"I'm very interested in school-based decision making."	225	(1)
What Forces Influence School Governance and Finance?	226	(5)
Public Opinion and Social Issues	226	(1)
Stakeholders in Education	226	(5)
You Decide: Schools for Sale	228	(2)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	230	(1)
How Is Education Controlled and Governed?	231	(18)
Roles of the National Government in Education	231	(7)
Profile: Back-to-School Address, 2003: Rod Paige	233	(4)
Education on the Move: Public Schools Pile on Fees	237	(1)
Roles of State Government in Education	238	(5)
Profile: California's Superintendent of Public Instruction Sets Priorities: Jack O'Connell	242	(1)
Roles of Intermediate Education Agencies	243	(1)
Roles of Local Government in Education	243	(6)
Profile: New York's Board of Cooperative Educational Services in Action	244	(3)
Profile: Big-City Superintendent: Roger C. Cuevas	247	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	248	(1)
How Are Schools Governed and Administered?	249	(3)
Principals and Assistant Principals	249	(1)
School-Based Management	250	(1)
School Advisory Councils	251	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	251	(1)
How Is Education Funded?	252	(7)
Federal Support and Mandates	253	(1)
Funding at the State Level	254	(1)
What Does This Mean for You?	254	(1)
Funding at the Local Level	255	(1)
Private Funding	256	(3)
Education on the Move: Four-Day Week Catches On!	257	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	258	(1)
What Issues of Governance and Finance Affect Education Today?	259	(5)
Federal versus State Control	259	(1)
State versus Local Control	259	(1)
Funding Equity	260	(1)
Privatization of Public Schools	260	(2)
How Are School Governance and Finance Important to Classroom Teachers?	262	(6)
What Does This Mean for You?	262	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	263	(1)
Applications for Active Learning: Connections, Field Experiences, Personal Research	264	(1)
Preparing to Teach: For Your Portfolio, Idea File	264	(1)
Learning and Knowing More: Web Sites Worth Visiting, Books Worth Reading	265	(1)
8 The Legal Basis for Education and School Law	266	(48)
"So are you going to sue?"	267	(1)
What Is the Basis of School Law?	268	(10)
The U.S. Constitution, Basic Rights, and Education	269	(1)
Federal Laws	270	(1)
State Laws	271	(1)
The Courts	272	(6)
Education on the Move: Student Teacher Says Islam Lessons Cost Him Internship	276	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	277	(1)
What Are the Legal Responsibilities of States and School Districts?	278	(6)
School Desegregation	278	(2)
Tests of Progress toward Desegregation	280	(1)
Profile: Fifty Years and Beyond: Brown v. Board of Education	281	(1)
Benefits of Desegregation	281	(1)
School Accountability	282	(1)
The Law and School Finance	282	(2)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	283	(1)
What Are Your Legal Responsibilities as a Teacher?	284	(5)
Preventing Liability	284	(2)
Reporting Child Abuse	286	(1)
Avoiding Sexual Harassment	287	(1)
Observing Copyright Law	287	(1)
Practicing Ethical Behavior	288	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	288	(1)
What Are Your Legal Rights as a Teacher?	289	(7)
Nondiscrimination	290	(1)
Contracts and Tenure	290	(1)
Evaluations and Grounds for Dismissal	291	(1)
Collective Bargaining and the Right to Strike	292	(1)
Academic Freedom	293	(3)
Education on the Move: Texas Adopts Biology Texts, Evolution Included	294	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	295	(1)
What Are Students' Legal Rights?	296	(10)
Freedom of Expression	296	(4)
Due Process	300	(1)
Right to Privacy	301	(1)
Right to Nondiscrimination	302	(3)
Legal Issues after September 11	305	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	305	(1)
What Are Parents' Rights and Responsibilities?	306	(4)
Parental Information and Consent	307	(1)
Compulsory School Attendance	307	(1)
You Decide: Parents and Student Truancy	308	(1)
Home Schooling	308	(8)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	309	(1)
Applications for Active Learning: Connections, Field Experiences, Personal Research	310	(1)
Preparing to Teach: For Your Portfolio, Idea File	311	(1)
Learning and Knowing More: Web Sites Worth Visiting, Books Worth Reading	311	(3)
9 Historical and Philosophical Influences on Teaching and Learning in America	314	(53)
"An important part of being a professional."	315	(1)
What Was Schooling Like in the American Colonies?	316	(6)
The New England Colonies	317	(1)
The Middle Colonies	318	(2)
The Southern Colonies	320	(1)
Education and Native Americans	320	(2)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	320	(2)
How Did American Education Change after Nationhood?	322	(6)
The Development of Common Schools	322	(1)
The Spread of Education for Women	322	(2)
Profile: Emma Hart Willard's Plan for the Education of Women	323	(1)
The Expansion of High School Education	324	(1)
The Monitorial System of Public Education	325	(1)
Textbooks for Americans	325	(1)
The Spread of Higher Education	325	(3)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	326	(2)
How Did American Education Change after the Civil War?	328	(7)
Profile: Life in Nineteenth-Century Schools	328	(1)
Education for African Americans	329	(1)
The Development of Indian Schools	329	(2)
Profile: Contrasting Approaches to African American Education: Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois	330	(1)
The Influence of European Developments in Education	331	(2)
Education on the Move: Saving Tribal Languages	332	(1)
Education Reform in the Progressive Era	333	(2)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	334	(1)
How Did American Education Change after World War II?	335	(7)
The Cold War	336	(1)
The Civil Rights Movement	337	(1)
Education for Students with Disabilities	337	(1)
Equal Rights for Women	337	(1)
The War on Poverty	338	(1)
Conservative Reaction to the 1960's and 1970's	338	(1)
The 1990's to 2000	338	(2)
What Does This Mean for You?	339	(1)
Education in the Twenty-First Century	340	(2)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	340	(2)
How Is Philosophy Relevant for Classroom Teachers?	342	(2)
Philosophy Is Based on Core Values	342	(1)
Philosophy Guides Decisions and Actions	343	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	343	(1)
How Do the Branches of Philosophy Relate to Education?	344	(8)
Metaphysics-What is Real?	345	(1)
Epistemology-How Do We Know?	346	(3)
Axiology-What Is Right?	349	(1)
Profile: Axiological Questions and Teaching: Nina Fue	349	(1)
The Impact of culture on Philosophical Questions	350	(2)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	351	(1)
What Are the Major Philosophies of Education?	352	(11)
Perennialism	352	(2)
Essentialism	354	(2)
Progressivism	356	(2)
Profile: Two School Philosophies in Action: What Is Essential?	356	(2)
Social Reconstructionism	358	(2)
Education on the Move: Indian Schools Struggling with Federal Mandates	359	(1)
Humanism	360	(1)
Existentialism	361	(9)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	362	(1)
What Are the Implications of Philosophies of Education for You and Your Students?	363	(1)
Applications for Active Learning: Connections, Field Experiences, Personal Research	364	(1)
Preparing to Teach: For Your Portfolio, Idea File	364	(1)
Learning and Knowing More: Web Sites Worth Visiting, Books Worth Reading	365	(2)
Part FOUR Teaching and Learning	367	(144)
10 Standards, Assessment, and Accountability in Education Today: Redefining Teaching and Learning	368	(32)
"All students are challenged to meet their full potential."	369	(1)
How Are Standards Changing Teaching and Learning?	370	(4)
Standards and Standards-Based Education	370	(1)
Searching for Accountability	371	(3)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	373	(1)
How Are Standards Employed in the Educational System?	374	(11)
Influences in the Development of Standards	374	(4)
Standards for Teachers	378	(1)
Standards and Issues	378	(4)
Standards and Changing Teacher Roles	382	(3)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	384	(1)
How Is Assessment Changing Teaching and Learning?	385	(12)
The National Test	385	(1)
Testing of Teachers	386	(1)
Testing Issues	386	(5)
Education on the Move: What I Did for Standards	386	(2)
Profile: Tests-Maps for Change: Richard Middleton	388	(1)
Profile: Test Prep-What Better Strategy Is There?: Sam Camacho	389	(2)
Education on the Move: Lower Income, Lower Scores Linked, State Review Shows	391	(1)
Assessing and Reporting Student Achievement	391	(2)
Profile: Empowering Students and Teachers through Tests: Kathi Robinson	393	(1)
Computerized Testing	393	(1)
Tests and Accountability	394	(8)
What Does This Mean for You?	394	(2)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	396	(1)
Applications for Active Learning: Connections, Field Experiences, Personal Research	397	(1)
Preparing to Teach: For Your Portfolio, Idea File	398	(1)
Learning and Knowing More: Web Sites Worth Visiting, Books Worth Reading	398	(2)
11 Curriculum and Instruction	400	(32)
When you see it happen, it's worth every minute."	401	(1)
What Do Students Learn in School?	402	(5)
Kinds of Curricula	402	(3)
You Decide: Talking the Edutalk	404	(1)
Influences on Curriculum Planning and Design	405	(1)
The Curriculum and Scientifically Based Research	405	(2)
What Does This Mean for You?	405	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	406	(1)
What Is the Contemporary Curriculum Like?	407	(10)
Reading and Language Arts	407	(2)
Education on the Move: Grade Schools Pressed to Offer Foreign Languages	408	(1)
Science	409	(1)
Mathematics	409	(2)
Profile: The Wyoming Ethnobotany Project: Joel M. Kuper	410	(1)
Social Studies	411	(2)
Physical Education and Health	413	(1)
The Arts	413	(1)
Comprehensive School Reform and the Curriculum	414	(3)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	415	(2)
How Do Teachers Plan and Deliver Instruction?	417	(3)
Instructional Goals and Learning Objectives	417	(1)
Outcome-Based Education	418	(1)
Prepared Curricula	418	(2)
Education on the Move: Making Sure Everyone Learns Math	418	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	419	(1)
What Are Some Models of Direct Instruction?	420	(2)
Explicit Instruction	420	(1)
Mastery Teaching	421	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	421	(1)
What Are Some Models of Nondirect Instruction?	422	(5)
Discovery Learning	422	(1)
Teaching and Learning through Social Interaction	422	(2)
Profile: The Classroom "Familia": Rosa E. Lujan	423	(1)
Profile: Teaching in the Zone: Lev Vygotsky	424	(1)
Individual Differences-Differentiated Instruction	424	(1)
Data-Driven Instruction	425	(9)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	426	(1)
Curriculum Influences for the Twenty-First Century	427	(1)
What Works in the Classroom?	427	(2)
Profile: Using Multiple Lesson Types: Gail Slatko	428	(1)
Applications for Active Learning: Connections, Field Experiences, Personal Research	429	(1)
Preparing to Teach: For Your Portfolio, Idea File	430	(1)
Learning and Knowing More: Web Sites Worth Visiting, Books Worth Reading	430	(2)
12 Technology, Teaching, and Learning	432	(34)
"Technology should always enhance sound teaching."	433	(1)
What Is Technology?	434	(1)
What Is Technological Literacy?	434	(10)
Profile: Using Robots to Inspire Young Minds: James Distler	435	(1)
Education on the Move: Technology Can Make the Difference	436	(1)
Changing Concepts of Literacy	436	(1)
Technological Divides	437	(2)
Technology and Standards of Learning	439	(5)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	443	(1)
How Is Technology Contributing to Community-Based and Worldwide Education?	444	(9)
Education on the Move: Tech Firms Go to School in Search of Customers	446	(1)
Increased Opportunities for Parent Participation	446	(3)
You Decide: Home Schooling Online	449	(1)
Educational Software for Very Young Children	449	(1)
Profile: Integrating Technology in the Primary Grades	449	(1)
Supporting the Learning of Students with Special Needs	450	(3)
Education on the Move: Miking Teachers	451	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	452	(1)
What Issues Are Associated with the Use of Technology?	453	(7)
Ensuring Equitable Access to Technology	453	(2)
Profile: Learning in Hand: Tony Vincent	454	(1)
Bridging the Gender Gap	455	(1)
Integrating Technology into the Curriculum and Teaching	456	(2)
Balancing Drill-and-Practice with Discovery	458	(1)
Profile: Project SMART: Alan Horowitz	458	(1)
How Can Schools Pay for Technology?	459	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	459	(1)
What Are the Legal Issues in Technology?	460	(3)
Copyright Law and the Use of Technology	460	(2)
Censorship and Control over Students' Web Pages	462	(6)
What Does This Mean for You?	462	(1)
Section Summary: 'Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	463	(1)
Applications for Active Learning: Connections, Field Experiences, Personal Research	463	(1)
Preparing to Teach: For Your Portfolio, Idea File	464	(1)
Learning and Knowing More: Web Sites Worth Visiting, Books Worth Reading	464	(2)
13 Your First Year as a Teacher	466	(45)
"Analyze data. Get comfortable. Make trouble."	467	(1)
What Can You Do to Prepare for Teaching?	468	(12)
Observe, Observe, Observe	468	(2)
Profile: Thoughts on the First Year: Fred Hutchinson	469	(1)
Make the Most of Your Field Experiences	470	(2)
Participating in a PDS Program	472	(1)
Pathways to Teaching	473	(3)
Preparing for Teacher Examinations	476	(4)
Profile: Teach For America: Wendy Kopp	477	(1)
Education on the Move: Troops to Teachers and Spouses to Teachers	477	(1)
You Decide: Is Teacher Testing the Best Way?	478	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	478	(2)
How Can You Find Your First Teaching Position?	480	(11)
Know Yourself	480	(1)
Profile: A Home-Schooled Teacher in a Public School: Sara Erickson	480	(1)
Prepare a Portfolio	481	(1)
Analyze Job Opportunities	481	(3)
Education on the Move: Live Talent Search for New Teachers	484	(1)
Apply for a Teaching Position	484	(2)
Have a Successful Interview	486	(5)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	487	(4)
How Can You Benefit from Beginning Teacher Programs?	491	(7)
Participating in an Induction Program	491	(1)
Learning through Development Programs	491	(3)
Profile: California Beginning Teacher Support and Assessment Program	492	(2)
Becoming a Part of Your Learning Community	494	(2)
Education on the Move: Teaching Teachers Online	495	(1)
Profile: Advice to New Teachers about Getting a Good Start: Constance Slaughter-Jordan	496	(1)
Establishing Relationships with Students and Parents	496	(2)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	497	(1)
How Can You Survive and Grow in Your First Year?	498	(9)
Preparing for Your First Year	498	(3)
Profile: Two Views on Beginning Teaching: Jennifer Lasher and Jennifer Barger	500	(1)
Developing a Leadership and Management Plan	501	(1)
Developing a Teaching Identity	501	(3)
Profile: A First-Year Journal: Evelyne Ng	502	(2)
Looking Beyond the First Year	504	(3)
Profile: I Am a Life Sentence!: Barb Vogel	506	(1)
Section Summary: Thinking Critically, Applying What You've Learned, Putting Yourself in the Picture	506	(1)
Applications for Active Learning: Connections, Field Experiences, Personal Research	507	(1)
Preparing to Teach: For Your Portfolio, Idea File	508	(1)
Learning and Knowing More: Web Sites Worth Visiting, Books Worth Reading	508	(3)
Endnotes	511	(8)
Index	519