Teaching Literacy to Students with Significant Disabilities : Strategies for the K-12 Inclusive Classroom

by June E. Downing

• ISBN13: 9780761988793
• ISBN10: 0761988793
• eBook ISBN(s): 9781452238845
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780761988786
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-20
• Publisher: Corwin Pr
• More Book Details

Summary

Break down the barriers to successful literacy instruction and empower students with special needs with these insightful tips, tools, and examples.

Table of Contents

Foreword	ix
Douglas Fisher
Acknowledgments	xiii
About the Author	xvii
Introduction	xix
Literacy and a Free Appropriate Public Education	1	(16)
Key Concepts	1	(1)
What Is Literacy?	2	(1)
Literacy and Federal Mandates in Education	3	(3)
Barriers to Literacy Instruction for Students With Significant Disabilities	6	(6)
Attitudinal Barrier	6	(2)
Low Expectations	8	(1)
Limited Opportunities	9	(1)
Limited Means of Accessing Literacy	10	(1)
Limited Time	10	(1)
The Age Factor	11	(1)
Literacy and Quality-of-Life Issues	12	(3)
Self-Esteem	12	(1)
Self-Determination	12	(1)
Independence	13	(1)
Information Gathering	13	(1)
Organization	14	(1)
Learning	14	(1)
Entertainment	15	(1)
Why Teach Reading to Students With Severe Disabilities?	15	(2)
Literacy and Communication	17	(16)
Key Concepts	17	(1)
The Relationship Between Communication and Literacy	18	(1)
Building Relationships	18	(4)
Reading Together	18	(2)
The Benefits of Play Interactions	20	(2)
Emergent Literacy for Students of All Ages	22	(1)
Augmentative and Alternative Communication Devices	22	(3)
Building Shared Experiences for Literacy Development	25	(3)
Documentation of Shared Experiences	26	(1)
Drawings	26	(1)
Photograph Books	27	(1)
Tactile Books	28	(1)
Summary	28	(1)
Frequently Asked Questions	29	(4)
Planning Literacy Activities	33	(32)
Key Concepts	33	(1)
General Considerations	34	(2)
Literacy-Rich Environments	34	(2)
Benefits of Learning in a General Education Classroom	36	(2)
Access to the Core Curriculum	37	(1)
Not Just Physical Presence	38	(1)
Identifying Literacy Goals	38	(4)
What Are the Literacy Goals of the Individual and the Family?	39	(1)
Determining Present Literacy Skills	40	(1)
Analyzing the Environment and the Need for Literacy Skills	41	(1)
Identifying When Literacy Skills Can Be Taught Throughout the Day	42	(6)
Creating Literacy-Learning Opportunities for All Ages	46	(1)
Integrated Related Services	46	(2)
Developing Literacy Materials for Individual Students	48	(14)
Age Appropriateness	51	(1)
Individual Considerations	52	(1)
Physical Considerations	52	(3)
Visual Considerations	55	(3)
Cultural Considerations	58	(1)
Interesting Material	59	(1)
High Quality	60	(1)
Assistive Technology	60	(1)
Computer Access	61	(1)
Summary	62	(1)
Frequently Asked Questions	63	(2)
Teaching Literacy Skills	65	(36)
Key Concepts	65	(1)
Concerns With Some Past Practices	66	(1)
General Considerations When Teaching Literacy Skills	67	(19)
Offering Choices	67	(2)
Following Interest Level	69	(2)
Providing Opportunities	71	(1)
Making Accessible	72	(2)
On-the-Spot Accommodations	74	(1)
Meaningful Literacy Experiences	75	(1)
The Use of a Daily Planner	76	(2)
Within-Task Directions	78	(4)
Self-Monitoring Checklists	82	(1)
Language Experience Stories	83	(1)
Interactive and Fun	84	(2)
Clear Literacy Goals in Mind	86	(1)
Drawing Attention to Conventional Literacy	86	(2)
Balanced Literacy Approach	87	(1)
Specific Instructional Strategies	88	(6)
Draw Attention to the Stimulus and Shape the Response	88	(1)
Model the Behaviors of Reading and Writing	89	(1)
Check for Comprehension	89	(1)
Wait for a Response	90	(3)
Provide Corrective Feedback and Praise	93	(1)
Fade Instructional Support	93	(1)
Teaching Generalization of Skills	94	(2)
Summary	96	(1)
Frequently Asked Questions	96	(5)
Evaluating Progress: Next Steps	101	(22)
Key Concepts	101	(1)
Alternative Assessments	102	(3)
Interviews	102	(2)
Observations	104	(1)
Review of Past Records	104	(1)
The Link to IEP Goals and State Standards	105	(2)
Adapting State Standards on Literacy	105	(2)
Developing Appropriate IEP Goals and Objectives	107	(3)
Passive Versus Active IEP Goals and Objectives	107	(2)
Standard-Linked IEP Objectives	109	(1)
Procedures for Measuring Student Progress	110	(7)
Data Collection	110	(1)
Easy-to-Use Forms	111	(3)
Portfolio Assessment	114	(3)
Using Data for Instructional Purposes	117	(1)
Determining Next Steps	118	(2)
Review Literacy Goals	119	(1)
Raise Expectations	119	(1)
What Are the Logical Next Steps?	120	(1)
Summary	120	(3)
The Future for Literacy Access and Instruction	123	(6)
Key Concepts	123	(1)
Improved Strategies to Support Literacy Goals	124	(1)
Strengthening Early Intervention Services	124	(1)
Future Advances in Technology	125	(2)
Bridging the Research-to-Practice Gap	126	(1)
Impact on Personnel Preparation	127	(2)
Impact on Quality of Life	127	(2)
Resources	129	(6)
Glossary	135	(4)
References	139	(12)
List of Tables	151	(2)
List of Figures	153	(2)
Index	155