Techniques and Guidelines for Social Work Practice

by Sheafor, Bradford W.; Horejsi, Charles R.

• ISBN13: 9780205352319
• ISBN10: 0205352316
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Unique among textbooks, Techniques and Guidelines for Social Work Practice emphasizes different techniques that social workers need to conduct their practice. Organized to support a generalist practice perspective, this text includes every way in which both direct and indirect intervention activities are a part of the social worker's repertoire. Parts I and II summarize the essential foundation elements of social work practice, while Parts III and IV set out 160 comprehensible techniques and guidelines that can be used by students and new practitioners. The text is widely applicable, as it touches upon everything from cultural competence to macro practice.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
PART I Social Work and the Social Worker	1	(52)
The Domain of the Social Work Profession	3	(14)
The Social Work Domain	4	(7)
Social Work's Purpose	4	(5)
Social Work's Focus	9	(1)
Social Work's Scope	10	(1)
Social Work's Sanction	11	(1)
An Overview of Social Work Practice	11	(4)
Conclusion	15	(1)
Selected Bibliography	16	(1)
Merging Person with Profession	17	(20)
Selecting Social Work as a Career	17	(4)
Social Work as a Life Companion	18	(1)
The School-to-Job Transition	18	(1)
Earning a Living as a Social Worker	19	(2)
Establishing Oneself as a Social Worker	21	(5)
Acquiring a Reputation	21	(1)
Conflict over Agency Policy	22	(1)
Promoting Social Justice	23	(2)
Political Involvement	25	(1)
The Interplay of One's Personal and Professional Lives	26	(3)
Being Changed by Clients	27	(1)
Personal Responses to Clients in Need	27	(1)
The Social Worker's Family	28	(1)
A Fitness Program for the Social Worker	29	(5)
Friendships and Community	29	(1)
Self-Worth and Self-Image	30	(1)
Physical and Emotional Well-Being	30	(1)
Intellectual Growth	31	(1)
Religion and Spirituality	32	(2)
Aritistic Expression	34	(1)
Having Fun in Social Work	34	(1)
Conclusion	35	(1)
Selected Bibliography	36	(1)
Merging the Person's Art with the Profession's Science	37	(16)
The Social Worker as Artist	37	(7)
Compassion and Courage	38	(1)
Professional Relationship	38	(2)
Creativity	40	(1)
Hopefulness and Energy	41	(1)
Judgment	41	(1)
Personal Values	42	(2)
Professional Style	44	(1)
The Social Worker as Scientist	44	(8)
Knowledge of Social Phenomena	46	(1)
Knowledge of Social Conditions and Social Problems	47	(1)
Knowledge of the Social Work Profession	48	(1)
Knowledge of Social Work Practice	49	(3)
Conclusion	52	(1)
Selected Bibliography	52	(1)
PART II The Building Blocks of Social Work Practice	53	(80)
The Roles and Functions Performed by Social Workers	55	(13)
Defining Professional Roles	55	(12)
The Social Worker as Broker	56	(1)
The Social Worker as Advocate	57	(1)
The Social Worker as Teacher	58	(1)
The Social Worker as Counselor/Clinician	59	(1)
The Social Worker as Case Manager	60	(2)
The Social Worker as Workload Manager	62	(1)
The Social Worker as Staff Developer	63	(1)
The Social Worker as Administrator	64	(1)
The Social Worker as Social Change Agent	65	(1)
The Social Worker as Professional	66	(1)
Conclusion	67	(1)
Selected Bibliography	67	(1)
Guiding Principles for Social Workers	68	(14)
Principles Focused on the Social Worker as a Professional Person	68	(4)
The Social Worker Should Practice Social Work	68	(1)
The Social Worker Should Engage in Conscious Use of Self	69	(1)
The Social Worker Should Maintain Professional Objectivity	70	(1)
The Social Worker Should Respect Human Diversity	70	(1)
The Social Worker Should Challenge Social Injustices	71	(1)
The Social Worker Should Seek to Enhance Professional Competence	71	(1)
Principles That Guide Practice Activities	72	(9)
The Social Worker Should Do No Harm	72	(1)
The Social Worker Should Engage in Knowledge-Guided Practice	72	(1)
The Social Worker Should Engage in Value-Guided and Ethical Practice	73	(1)
The Social Worker Should Be Concerned with the Whole Person	73	(1)
The Social Worker Should Serve the Most Vulnerable Members of Society	74	(1)
The Social Worker Should Treat the Client with Dignity	74	(1)
The Social Worker Should Individualize the Client	75	(1)
The Social Worker Should Consider Clients Experts on Their Own Lives	75	(1)
The Social Worker Should Lend Vision to the Client	76	(1)
The Social Worker Should Build on Client Strengths	76	(1)
The Social Worker Should Maximize Client Participation	77	(1)
The Social Worker Should Maximize Client Self-Determination	77	(1)
The Social Worker Should Help the Client Learn Self-Directed Problem-Solving Skills	78	(1)
The Social Worker Should Maximize Client Empowerment	78	(1)
The Social Worker Should Protect Client Confidentiality	79	(1)
The Social Worker Should Adhere to the Philosophy of Normalization	79	(1)
The Social Worker Should Continuously Evaluate the Progress of the Change Process	80	(1)
The Social Worker Should Be Accountable to Clients, Agency, Community, and the Social Work Profession	80	(1)
Conclusion	81	(1)
Selected Bibliography	81	(1)
Practice Frameworks for Social Work	82	(37)
Requirements of a Practice Framework	82	(1)
Guidelines for Selecting a Practice Framework	83	(3)
Selected Practice Frameworks	86	(32)
Selected Practice Perspectives	86	(1)
The Generalist Perspective	86	(3)
The General Systems Perspective	89	(2)
The Ecosystems Perspective	91	(2)
The Strengths Perspective	93	(1)
The Ethnic-Sensitive Perspective	94	(1)
The Feminist Perspective	95	(1)
Selected Practice Theories and Models	96	(1)
Practice Based on Psychodynamic Theory	97	(1)
Practice Based on Behavioral Theory	98	(1)
Practice Based on Cognitive-Behavioral Theory	99	(1)
Practice Based on Person-Centered Theory	100	(1)
The Interactional Model	101	(1)
The Structural Model	102	(1)
The Crisis Intervention Model	103	(1)
The Task-Centered Model	103	(1)
The Solution-Focused Model	104	(1)
Practice Based on the Family Therapies	105	(2)
The Family Preservation Model (or Home-Based Model)	107	(1)
The Clubhouse Model	108	(2)
Practice Based on Small-Group Theories	110	(1)
Practice Based on the Addiction Model	111	(2)
The Self-Help Model	113	(1)
Models for Changing Organizations	114	(2)
Models for Changing Communities	116	(2)
Conclusion	118	(1)
Selected Bibliography	118	(1)
Facilitating Change through Decision Making	119	(14)
Elements of the Planned Change Process	119	(3)
The Context of Planned Change	122	(1)
Factors Affecting the Client's Need for Change	123	(1)
Individual Change	123	(1)
Family and Group Change	124	(1)
Organizational Change	124	(1)
Community Change	124	(1)
Identifying the Actors in Planned Change	124	(1)
Phases of the Planned Change Process	125	(2)
Critical Thinking in Planned Change	127	(3)
Decision Making in Planned Change	130	(2)
Conclusion	132	(1)
Selected Bibliography	132	(1)
PART III Techniques Common to All Social Work Practice	133	(68)
Basic Communication and Helping Skills	134	(47)
Creating an Effective Helping Relationship	136	(3)
Verbal Communication Skills	139	(4)
Nonverbal Communication Skills	143	(2)
Helping Skills	145	(13)
The I-Statement	158	(1)
Understanding Emotions and Feelings	159	(3)
Responding to Defensive Communication	162	(4)
Elements of Professional Behavior	166	(1)
Making Ethical Decisions	167	(6)
Cross-Cultural Helping	173	(8)
Basic Skills for Agency Practice	181	(20)
Report Writing	182	(2)
Letter Writing	184	(1)
Effective Telephone Communications	185	(2)
Using Information Technology	187	(3)
Maintaining Casenotes for Narrative Recording	190	(2)
Problem-Oriented Recording (POR) and the SOAP Format	192	(3)
Process Recording	195	(1)
Managing Time at Work	196	(3)
Controlling Workload	199	(2)
PART IV Techniques and Guidelines for Phases of the Planned Change Process	201	(310)
Intake and Engagement	203	(41)
Section A Techniques and Guidelines for Direct Practice	204	(2)
The First Telephone Contact	206	(1)
The First Face-to-Face Meeting	207	(3)
Clarifying the Client's Problem, Concern, or Request	210	(2)
Making a Referral	212	(4)
Obtaining and Releasing Client Information	216	(3)
The In-Home Interview	219	(2)
Engaging the Involuntary Client	221	(3)
Engaging the Hard-to-Reach Client	224	(2)
Responding to the Manipulative Client	226	(3)
Responding to the Dangerous Client or Situation	229	(3)
Section B Techniques and Guidelines for Indirect Practice	232	(1)
Learning about Your Agency	233	(2)
Recruiting, Selecting, and Training Staff and Volunteers	235	(4)
Learning about Your Community	239	(5)
Data Collection and Assessment	244	(90)
Section A Techniques and Guidelines for Direct Practice	245	(2)
The Social Assessment Report	247	(6)
The Dual Perspective	253	(2)
Genograms and Ecomapping	255	(3)
Social Support Assessment	258	(4)
Life History Grid	262	(2)
Life Cycle Matrix	264	(2)
Identifying Client Strengths	266	(3)
Expanding a Client's Vision of Changes That Are Possible	269	(3)
Coping Strategies and Ego Defenses	272	(5)
Assessing a Client's Role Performance	277	(2)
Assessing a Client's Self-Concept	279	(3)
Assessing Family Functioning	282	(6)
Multiworker Family Assessment Interviews	288	(1)
The ABC Model and the Behavior Matrix	289	(2)
Using Questionnaires, Checklists, and Vignettes	291	(5)
The 4 Ps, 4 Rs, and 4 Ms	296	(2)
Assessing a Client's Social Functioning	298	(8)
Assessing a Client's Mental Status	306	(2)
Identifying Developmental Delays in Young Children	308	(3)
The Person-In-Environment (PIE) System	311	(2)
Referral for Psychological Testing	313	(2)
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)	315	(2)
Assessing a Child's Need for Protection	317	(5)
Section B Techniques and Guidelines for Indirect Practice	322	(1)
Assessing Agency Structure	323	(2)
Assessing Human Services Needs	325	(1)
Focus Groups	326	(2)
Force Field Analysis	328	(1)
Community Decision-Making Analysis	329	(2)
Social Policy Analysis	331	(3)
Planning and Contracting	334	(39)
Section A Techniques and Guidelines for Direct Practice	335	(2)
Selecting Target Problems and Goals	337	(2)
The Problem Search	339	(1)
Using Checklists in Goal Selection	340	(2)
The Client Needs List	342	(1)
Formulating Intervention Objectives	342	(4)
Written Service Contracts	346	(4)
Making Use of Informal Resources	350	(2)
The Small Group as a Resource	352	(4)
Section B Techniques and Guidelines for Indirect Practice	356	(1)
Establishing and Changing Organizations	357	(2)
The Process of Agency Planning	359	(3)
Project Planning and Evaluation	362	(5)
Planning a Primary Prevention Program	367	(2)
Establishing Formal Interagency Collaboration	369	(4)
Intervention and Monitoring	373	(92)
Section A Techniques and Guidelines for Direct Practice	374	(3)
Planning an Interview	377	(1)
Information and Advice	378	(2)
Encouragement, Reassurance, and Universalization	380	(1)
Reinforcement and Related Behavioral Techniques	381	(4)
Behavioral Rehearsal	385	(1)
Behavioral Contracting	386	(2)
Role Reversal	388	(1)
Managing Self-Talk	389	(4)
Building Self-Esteem	393	(2)
The Empty Chair	395	(1)
Confrontation and Challenge	396	(1)
Reframing	397	(2)
Helping Clients Make Difficult Decisions	399	(3)
The ``Talking Stick''	402	(1)
Homework Assignments	402	(1)
Envelope Budgeting	403	(1)
Managing Personal Debt	404	(3)
Indirect Discussion of Self in Small Groups	407	(1)
Programming in Group Work	408	(2)
Resolving Interpersonal Conflict	410	(2)
The Feelings List	412	(1)
The Life Book	413	(1)
Client Advocacy	414	(2)
Client Empowerment	416	(3)
Crisis Cards	419	(1)
Section B Techniques and Guidelines for Indirect Practice	420	(1)
Working with a Governing or Advisory Board	421	(2)
Conducting Effective Staff Meetings	423	(1)
Building Teamwork and Cooperation	424	(2)
Leading Small-Group Meetings	426	(3)
The RISK Technique	429	(1)
The Nominal Group Technique (NGT)	430	(1)
Chairing a Committee	431	(5)
Problem Solving by a Large Group	436	(1)
Brainstorming	437	(1)
Class Advocacy	438	(3)
Teaching and Training	441	(2)
Preparing a Budget	443	(4)
The 5 Ps of Marketing Human Services	447	(2)
Dealing with the Media	449	(3)
Fund-Raising for a Human Services Agency	452	(4)
Developing Grant Applications	456	(5)
Influencing Legislators and Other Decision Makers	461	(4)
Evaluation and Termination	465	(46)
Section A Techniques and Guidelines for Direct Practice	467	(4)
Measuring Change with Individualized Rating Scales	471	(3)
Measuring Change with Standardized Rating Scales	474	(2)
The Service Plan Outcome Checklist (SPOC)	476	(6)
Task Achievement Scaling (TAS)	482	(1)
Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS)	483	(3)
Single-Subject Designs (SSD)	486	(8)
The Client Self-Rating Scale (CSRS)	494	(1)
Termination of Service	495	(3)
Section B Techniques and Guidelines for Indirect Practice	498	(1)
Peer Review	499	(2)
Worker Performance Evaluation	501	(2)
Program Evaluation	503	(2)
The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ)	505	(3)
Agency Evaluation	508	(3)
PART V Specialized Techniques and Guidelines for Social Work Practice	511	(112)
Guidelines for Working with Vulnerable Client Groups	512	(61)
The Client Who Is Poor	512	(6)
The Client Who Is a Child	518	(7)
The Client Who Is an Adolescent	525	(3)
The Client Who Is Elderly	528	(2)
The Client Who Is in Crisis	530	(2)
The Client Who Is a Battered Woman	532	(4)
The Client Who Is at Risk of Suicide	536	(3)
The Client with Cognitive Delay	539	(3)
The Client with Brain Injury	542	(2)
The Client with a Serious Physical Disability	544	(3)
The Client Who Is Chemically Dependent	547	(10)
The Client with Serious Mental Illness	557	(4)
The Client on Psychotropic Medication	561	(2)
The Client Who Is Gay, Lesbian, or Bisexual	563	(3)
The Client with an Eating Disorder	566	(3)
The Client Experiencing Grief or Loss	569	(4)
Techniques for Sustaining Social Work Practice	573	(50)
Getting a Social Work Job	574	(2)
Developing Self-Awareness	576	(5)
Stress Management	581	(2)
Coping with Bureaucracy	583	(3)
Using Humor in Social Work	586	(1)
Dealing with Sexual Misconduct	587	(2)
Avoiding Malpractice Suits	589	(5)
Testifying in Court	594	(2)
Dealing with Managed Care	596	(3)
Giving and Receiving Supervision	599	(4)
Reading, Writing, and Interpreting Professional Literature	603	(12)
Presenting to a Professional Audience	615	(2)
Improving the Social Work Image	617	(2)
Becoming a Leader	619	(4)
Using the Conversion Guide	623	(4)
Author Index	627	(6)
Subject Index	633