Preface | p. xi |
Texas History and Culture | p. 1 |
Politics and Government: The Early Years | p. 2 |
Joining the Union | p. 2 |
Early Statehood and Secession: 1846-1864 | p. 3 |
Post-Civil War Texas: 1865-1885 | p. 3 |
Politics and Government: 1886-1945 | p. 5 |
Governor Hogg | p. 5 |
Farmer Jim: 1914-1918 | p. 5 |
World War I, the Twenties, and the Return of Farmer Jim: 1919-1928 | p. 6 |
The Great Depression: 1929-1939 | p. 8 |
"Pass the Biscuits, Pappy": 1938-1945 | p. 9 |
Politics and Government since World War II | p. 10 |
The 1950s | p. 11 |
The 1960s | p. 12 |
The 1970s | p. 12 |
The 1980s | p. 13 |
The 1990s | p. 13 |
The 2000s | p. 14 |
Texas Political Culture | p. 17 |
Moral, Traditional and Individualistic | p. 17 |
Political Culture and Political Participation | p. 18 |
Texas Cultural Regions | p. 19 |
East Texas | p. 20 |
The Gulf Coast | p. 20 |
South Texas | p. 21 |
Southwest Texas | p. 23 |
German Hill Country | p. 23 |
West Texas | p. 26 |
The Panhandle | p. 27 |
North Texas | p. 27 |
Central Texas | p. 27 |
Cultural Diversity | p. 28 |
Conclusion | p. 30 |
Key Terms | p. 30 |
Review Questions | p. 31 |
Logging On | p. 31 |
Get Active! | p. 31 |
Essay: Illegal Immigration and Texas Ideology | p. 33 |
How Texas Compares | p. 36 |
The Texas Constitution in Perspective | p. 41 |
The National Constitution and the States: Federalism | p. 42 |
Division of Powers | p. 42 |
Limits on States | p. 43 |
The Texas Constitution | p. 45 |
The Texas Constitution in History | p. 45 |
The Texas Constitution Today | p. 47 |
Bill of Rights and Fundamental Liberty | p. 49 |
Separation of Powers | p. 49 |
Legislative Branch | p. 50 |
Executive Branch | p. 52 |
Courts | p. 54 |
Local Government | p. 55 |
Suffrage | p. 55 |
Amending and Revising the Texas Constitution | p. 55 |
The Texas Constitution Compared | p. 57 |
Conclusion | p. 59 |
Key Terms | p. 60 |
Review Questions | p. 60 |
Logging On | p. 61 |
Get Active! | p. 61 |
Essay: Governor E. J. Davis and His Legacy for Texas | p. 62 |
Essay: A Square Peg in a Round Hole: The Regime of Governor Edmund J. Davis Reconsidered | p. 65 |
Voting and Elections | p. 69 |
Political Participation | p. 70 |
The Participation Paradox | p. 70 |
Who Votes? | p. 70 |
The Practice of Voting | p. 72 |
Voter Turnout in the United States and in Texas | p. 73 |
Reasons for Low Voter Turnout in Texas | p. 77 |
Elections in Texas | p. 80 |
Primary Elections | p. 80 |
General Elections | p. 85 |
Special Elections | p. 86 |
The Conduct and Administration of Elections | p. 87 |
Election Campaigns in Texas | p. 96 |
Who Gets Elected | p. 96 |
The General Election Campaign | p. 97 |
Money in Political Campaigns | p. 99 |
Conclusion | p. 102 |
Key Terms | p. 102 |
Review Questions | p. 103 |
Logging On | p. 103 |
Get Active! | p. 103 |
Essay: Electronic Voting: Savior or Destroyer of American Democracy? | p. 105 |
Political Parties | p. 109 |
Functions of Political Parties | p. 110 |
Characteristics of American Political Parties | p. 111 |
Pragmatism | p. 111 |
Decentralization | p. 111 |
Two-Party System | p. 112 |
Development of the Texas Party System | p. 113 |
The One-Party Tradition in Texas | p. 113 |
Ideological Basis of Factionalism: Conservatives and Liberals | p. 114 |
Conservative and Liberal Factions in the Democratic Party | p. 115 |
Rise of the Republican Party | p. 117 |
Conservative and Moderate Factions Within the Republican Party | p. 118 |
Organizational Basis of Party Machinery in Texas | p. 120 |
Temporary-Party Organization | p. 120 |
Permanent-Party Organization | p. 123 |
A New Era of Republican Dominance | p. 124 |
Conclusion | p. 127 |
Key Terms | p. 127 |
Review Questions | p. 128 |
Logging On | p. 128 |
Get Active! | p. 128 |
Essay: The Impact of the 2003 Redistricting of Texas: 2004 & 2006 | p. 129 |
Interest Groups | p. 133 |
Constitutional Guarantees | p. 135 |
What Interest Groups Are | p. 136 |
What Interest Groups Do | p. 137 |
Direct Means of Influencing Government | p. 138 |
Lobbying the Legislative and Executive Branches | p. 138 |
Filing Suit in Court | p. 139 |
Advising and Serving the State | p. 139 |
Organizing Public Demonstrations | p. 139 |
Indirect Means of Influencing Government | p. 140 |
Electioneering | p. 140 |
Educating the Public | p. 140 |
Socializing | p. 140 |
Why People Join Interest Groups | p. 141 |
Types of Interest Groups | p. 142 |
Economic Interest Groups | p. 142 |
Noneconomic Interest Groups | p. 142 |
Mixed Interest Groups | p. 142 |
Factors That Affect Interest Group Power | p. 143 |
Culture of Nonparticipation | p. 143 |
Party Competition | p. 143 |
Part-Time Legislature | p. 144 |
Decentralization of Executive Branch Power | p. 144 |
Law | p. 144 |
The Media | p. 145 |
Constituent Influence | p. 145 |
Interest Groups as Checks on Interest Groups | p. 146 |
Campaign Contributions | p. 147 |
Conclusions About Balance in the Political System | p. 148 |
The Regulation of Lobbying | p. 149 |
Who Must Register and Report Lobbying Costs? | p. 149 |
What Does a Lobbyist Report? | p. 150 |
What Is Not Reported as Lobbying That Affects Lobbying? | p. 151 |
Access to the Reports of Lobbyists | p. 152 |
Reporting to Clients | p. 152 |
The Craft of Lobbying | p. 152 |
Before the Legislature | p. 152 |
Before Administrative Agencies | p. 153 |
Before the Courts | p. 154 |
Which Interests Are Powerful? | p. 155 |
Interest Group Dynamics and Power | p. 156 |
Conclusion | p. 159 |
Key Terms | p. 161 |
Review Questions | p. 161 |
Logging On | p. 162 |
Get Active! | p. 162 |
Essay: When Powers Collide: School Voucher Politics in Texas | p. 163 |
The Legislature: Organization and Structure | p. 169 |
Geographic Districts | p. 170 |
Qualifications for Membership | p. 176 |
Formal Qualifications | p. 176 |
Informal Qualifications | p. 176 |
Organization of the Texas Legislature | p. 179 |
Presiding Officers | p. 179 |
Legislative Committees | p. 181 |
Legislative Staff | p. 183 |
Citizen Legislators | p. 184 |
Terms | p. 184 |
Compensation | p. 185 |
The Limited Session | p. 185 |
Conclusion | p. 187 |
Key Terms | p. 187 |
Review Questions | p. 188 |
Logging On | p. 188 |
Get Active! | p. 189 |
Essay: Are Texas Legislative Elections Becoming More Competitive? | p. 190 |
The Legislative Process | p. 193 |
Powers of the Presiding Officers | p. 194 |
Procedural Tools of Leadership | p. 194 |
Institutional Tools of Leadership | p. 207 |
Restraints on the Powers of the Presiding Officers | p. 209 |
Personality | p. 209 |
The Team | p. 209 |
The Lobby and Bureaucracy | p. 209 |
The Governor | p. 210 |
Political Climate | p. 210 |
Political or Economic Ambition | p. 211 |
Other Legislators | p. 211 |
Conclusion | p. 211 |
Key Terms | p. 212 |
Review Questions | p. 212 |
Logging On | p. 212 |
Get Active! | p. 213 |
Essay: Lobbying Didn't Let Up when the CHIP was Down | p. 214 |
Essay: Swarming Capitol Paid Off for SBC | p. 218 |
The Governor | p. 221 |
Qualifications, Tenure, and Staff | p. 222 |
Formal Qualifications | p. 222 |
Informal Criteria | p. 223 |
Tenure, Removal, and Succession | p. 224 |
Compensation | p. 224 |
Staff | p. 224 |
Tools of Persuasion | p. 226 |
Legislative Tools of Persuasion | p. 227 |
Executive Tools of Persuasion | p. 231 |
Governor as Party Chief | p. 236 |
Conclusion | p. 237 |
Key Terms | p. 237 |
Review Questions | p. 237 |
Logging On | p. 237 |
Get Active! | p. 238 |
Essay: Governors and Texas Agencies | p. 239 |
The Bureaucracy | p. 243 |
The Texas Administration | p. 244 |
Elected Executives | p. 245 |
Appointed Executives | p. 249 |
Boards and Commissions | p. 249 |
Characteristics of Bureaucracy | p. 251 |
Size | p. 252 |
Neutrality | p. 253 |
Hierarchy | p. 256 |
Expertise | p. 257 |
The Bureaucracy and Public Policy | p. 257 |
Clientele Groups | p. 257 |
The Legislature, the Lieutenant Governor, and the Speaker | p. 258 |
The Governor | p. 258 |
The Iron Texas Star | p. 259 |
Public Support | p. 260 |
Expertise | p. 261 |
Information | p. 261 |
Administration of the Law | p. 261 |
Accountability | p. 261 |
Conclusion | p. 265 |
Key Terms | p. 265 |
Review Questions | p. 266 |
Logging On | p. 266 |
Get Active! | p. 267 |
Essay: Agencies and Influence: Electricity Deregulation (Last One Out, Turn Off the Light) | p. 268 |
The Judiciary | p. 273 |
Civil and Criminal Cases | p. 275 |
Original and Appellate Jurisdiction | p. 276 |
Court Organization | p. 277 |
Municipal Courts | p. 277 |
Justices of the Peace | p. 279 |
County Courts | p. 281 |
District Courts | p. 282 |
Courts of Appeals | p. 283 |
Court of Criminal Appeals | p. 284 |
Supreme Court | p. 286 |
Juries | p. 287 |
Grand Jury | p. 288 |
Petit (Trial) Jury | p. 289 |
Selection of Judges | p. 290 |
The Politics of Judicial Selection in Texas | p. 291 |
Conclusion | p. 294 |
Key Terms | p. 295 |
Review Questions | p. 295 |
Logging On | p. 295 |
Get Active! | p. 296 |
Essay: Runaway Campaign Contributions in Texas Supreme Court Races: Causes, Impact, and Proposed Reforms | p. 298 |
Law and Due Process | p. 305 |
Civil Law | p. 306 |
Types of Civil Law | p. 306 |
Issues in Civil Law | p. 309 |
The Elements of Crime | p. 310 |
The Crime | p. 310 |
The Criminal | p. 312 |
The Victim | p. 313 |
Law Enforcement | p. 315 |
State Agencies | p. 315 |
Local Agencies | p. 316 |
Prevention of Crime | p. 316 |
Detection of Crime | p. 317 |
Enforcement of Law | p. 317 |
Gathering Evidence | p. 317 |
Arrest | p. 318 |
Detention | p. 318 |
The Courts | p. 320 |
Pretrial Court Activities | p. 320 |
Formal Charges | p. 322 |
Pretrial Hearings | p. 322 |
Plea Bargaining | p. 324 |
The Trial | p. 324 |
Posttrial Proceedings | p. 326 |
The Special Case of Juvenile Courts | p. 327 |
Rehabilitation and Punishment | p. 327 |
Texas Department of Criminal Justice | p. 328 |
Clemency | p. 329 |
Texas Youth Commission | p. 329 |
Jails | p. 330 |
Conclusion | p. 330 |
Key Terms | p. 331 |
Review Questions | p. 332 |
Logging On | p. 332 |
Get Active! | p. 332 |
Essay: Texas Is Still No. 1! Statistics and Controversy in the Death Penalty Debate | p. 334 |
Essay: In Search of a Solution to America's Drug Problem: Will History Repeat Itself? | p. 338 |
Taxing and Budgeting | p. 345 |
Revenues | p. 347 |
Taxation | p. 347 |
Issues in Taxation | p. 349 |
Other Revenues | p. 354 |
The Budgetary Process | p. 356 |
Conclusion | p. 358 |
Key Terms | p. 359 |
Review Questions | p. 359 |
Logging On | p. 359 |
Get Active! | p. 360 |
Essay: Possible Texas Tax Reforms | p. 361 |
Essay: Is Texas Last? An Examination of Political Culture and Health Insurance for Children | p. 366 |
Spending and Services | p. 369 |
Education in Texas | p. 371 |
Elementary and Secondary Schools | p. 372 |
The Politics of Public Education | p. 373 |
Higher Education | p. 378 |
The Politics of Higher Education | p. 380 |
Health and Human Services | p. 382 |
Income Support | p. 382 |
Health Programs | p. 382 |
Unemployment Programs | p. 385 |
The Politics of "Welfare": Myths and Realities | p. 385 |
Transportation | p. 387 |
Highway Programs | p. 387 |
The Politics of Transportation | p. 388 |
Conclusion | p. 390 |
Key Terms | p. 391 |
Review Questions | p. 391 |
Logging On | p. 391 |
Get Active! | p. 392 |
Essay: Health Care in a Texas County: the Indigent, the Undocumented, the Uninsured & Republican Compassionate Conservatism | p. 393 |
Essay: The Impact of Texas's Fiscal Conservatism and Anti-Government Philosophy | p. 397 |
Local Government | p. 403 |
Municipalities | p. 405 |
General Law and Home-Rule Cities | p. 405 |
Forms of Government | p. 406 |
Municipal Election Systems | p. 409 |
Revenue Sources and Limitations | p. 410 |
Issues and Trends | p. 412 |
Counties | p. 415 |
Functions of Counties | p. 416 |
Structure and Organization of Counties | p. 418 |
Issues and Trends | p. 421 |
Special-District Governments | p. 422 |
Issues and Trends | p. 424 |
Councils of Government | p. 425 |
Conclusion | p. 426 |
Key Terms | p. 426 |
Review Questions | p. 427 |
Logging On | p. 427 |
Get Active! | p. 427 |
Essay: A Nationwide Civic Organization Promotes Local Distinctiveness | p. 429 |
Essay: Ethnic Polarization: A Major Factor in Corpus Christi's At-Large Elections | p. 431 |
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