A Textbook Of Neuroanatomy

by Patestas, Maria; Gartner, Leslie P.

• ISBN13: 9781405103404
• ISBN10: 140510340X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-05-15
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

This complete, yet concise text is designed to help students easily master the anatomy and basic physiology of the nervous system. Accessible and clear, the text highlights interrelationships between systems, structures and the rest of the body as it moves through various regions of the brain. The first nine chapters introduce the main principles and terms in neuroanatomy, and the remaining chapters then use this information to describe the anatomy and function of the various pathways and discrete systems. Navigates students through the general principles and integrative components of the Nervous System Highlights interrelationships between systems, structures, and the rest of the body Emphasizes clinical relevance through clinical cases, questions, and follow-up discussions in each chapter Indicates medical conditions relevant to each chapter in the Clinical Considerations Features an accompanying website, www.blackwellpublishing.com/patestas, which includes all the illustrations, along with animations of key processes; also available on CD-ROM

Author Biography

Maria A. Patestas is Associate Professor of Anatomy at Des Moines University. She has taught gross anatomy, neuroanatomy, embryology, and histology in various programs, and served as the chief coordinator of the physical therapy program neuroanatomy course from 1995 to 2001. In 2000, Dr Patestas received the Outstanding Teacher Award from the Physical Therapy Program Class.

Leslie P. Gartner is Professor of Anatomy in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at the Dental School of the University of Maryland. He has received numerous teaching awards and is the author of Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology, 3rd Edition (1999), Oral Histology and Embryology, 2nd Edition (1999) as well as the coauthor of the well-respected Textbook of Head and Neck Anatomy, 3rd Edition, with James L. Hiatt (2001), and coauthor of the Color Textbook of Histology, 2nd Edition (2001) and the Color Atlas of Histology, 4th Edition (2005) also with James L. Hiatt. The atlas, which is used by almost half the US medical schools, has been translated into eight languages. He also coauthored Cell Biology and Histology, 4th Edition (2003) with James L. Hiatt and Judy M. Strum and is the Histology consultant to Stedman’s Medical Dictionary, 28th Edition (2006).

Table of Contents

Preface	viii
Part 1 General Principles of the Nervous System	1	(134)
Introduction to the Nervous System	3	(7)
Cells of the nervous system	3	(2)
Central nervous system	5	(2)
Peripheral nervous system	7	(2)
Questions to ponder	9	(1)
Development of the Nervous System	10	(18)
Clinical case	10	(1)
Early development	11	(1)
Neurulation	12	(6)
Early development of the spinal cord and brain	18	(1)
Development of the spinal cord	19	(2)
Development of the brain	21	(5)
Clinical considerations	26	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	27	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	27	(1)
Questions to ponder	27	(1)
Histophysiology of the Nervous System	28	(16)
Clinical case	28	(1)
Neurons	29	(6)
Neuroglia	35	(3)
Generation and conduction of nerve impulses	38	(4)
Clinical considerations	42	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	43	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	43	(1)
Questions to ponder	43	(1)
Neurotransmitter Substances	44	(10)
Clinical case	44	(3)
Classification of neurotransmitter substances	47	(5)
Clinical considerations	52	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	53	(1)
Questions to ponder	53	(1)
Spinal Cord	54	(14)
Clinical case	54	(1)
Morphology of the spinal cord	55	(5)
Internal morphology of the spinal cord	60	(3)
Vascular supply of the spinal cord	63	(3)
Clinical considerations	66	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	67	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	67	(1)
Questions to ponder	67	(1)
Gross Anatomy of the Brain	68	(16)
Clinical case	68	(1)
Cerebrum	69	(8)
Diencephalon	77	(1)
Cerebellum	77	(3)
Brainstem	80	(2)
Clinical considerations	82	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	82	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	82	(1)
Questions to ponder	83	(1)
Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid	84	(15)
Clinical case	84	(1)
Cranial meninges	85	(7)
Spinal meninges	92	(1)
Venous sinuses of the cranial dura mater	93	(2)
Cerebrospinal fluid	95	(1)
Ventricles of the brain	95	(2)
Clinical considerations	97	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	97	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	97	(1)
Questions to ponder	98	(1)
Vascular Supply of the Central Nervous System	99	(19)
Clinical case	99	(1)
Vascular supply of the spinal cord	100	(1)
Arterial supply of the brain	101	(11)
Venous drainage of the brain	112	(4)
Clinical considerations	116	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	117	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	117	(1)
Questions to ponder	117	(1)
Autonomic Nervous System	118	(17)
Clinical case	118	(1)
Sympathetic nervous system	119	(7)
Parasympathetic nervous system	126	(3)
Enteric nervous system	129	(1)
Neurotransmitters and receptors of the autonomic nervous system	130	(1)
Pelvic autonomic functions	131	(1)
Clinical considerations	132	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	133	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	133	(1)
Questions to ponder	133	(2)
Part 2 Integrative Components of the Nervous System	135	(290)
Ascending Sensory Pathways	137	(34)
Clinical case	137	(1)
Sensory receptors	138	(8)
Anterolateral system	146	(8)
Tactile sensation and proprioception	154	(3)
Sensory pathways to the cerebellum	157	(4)
Clinical considerations	161	(5)
Modulation of nociception	166	(2)
Neuroplasticity	168	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	169	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	170	(1)
Questions to ponder	170	(1)
Motor Cortex and Descending Motor Pathways	171	(19)
Clinical case	171	(1)
Cortical areas controlling motor activity	172	(2)
Descending motor pathways	174	(13)
Clinical considerations	187	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	188	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	189	(1)
Questions to ponder	189	(1)
Basal Ganglia	190	(29)
Clinical case	190	(1)
Components of the basal ganglia	191	(5)
Nuclei associated with the basal ganglia	196	(1)
Input, intrinsic, and output nuclei of the basal ganglia	196	(2)
Connections of the basal ganglia	198	(7)
Circuits connecting the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebral cortex	205	(2)
Other circuits of the basal ganglia	207	(1)
Neurotransmitters of the basal ganglia	208	(1)
``Direct'' and ``indirect'' loops (pathways) of the basal ganglia	209	(1)
Circuits that modulate activity of the basal ganglia	210	(2)
Clinical considerations	212	(5)
Synonyms and eponyms	217	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	218	(1)
Questions to ponder	218	(1)
Cerebellum	219	(22)
Clinical case	219	(1)
Morphology of the cerebellum	220	(7)
Cerebellar peduncles	227	(2)
Deep cerebellar nuclei	229	(2)
Afferents (input) to the cerebellum	231	(4)
Efferents (output) from the cerebellum	235	(1)
Functional organization of the cerebellum: intrinsic circuitry	236	(2)
Clinical considerations	238	(2)
Synonyms and eponyms	240	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	240	(1)
Questions to ponder	240	(1)
Reticular Formation	241	(12)
Clinical case	241	(1)
Morphology of the reticular formation	241	(1)
Zones of the reticular formation	242	(3)
Nuclei associated with the reticular formation	245	(1)
Input to and output from the reticular formation	245	(1)
Functions of the reticular formation	245	(5)
Clinical considerations	250	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	251	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	251	(1)
Questions to ponder	252	(1)
Cranial Nerves	253	(29)
Clinical case	253	(3)
Olfactory nerve (CN I)	256	(1)
Optic nerve (CN II)	256	(2)
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)	258	(2)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)	260	(1)
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)	261	(5)
Abducent nerve (CN VI)	266	(2)
Facial nerve (CN VII)	268	(4)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)	272	(1)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)	272	(2)
Vagus nerve (CN X)	274	(3)
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)	277	(1)
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)	277	(3)
Synonyms and eponyms	280	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	280	(1)
Questions to ponder	281	(1)
Visual System	282	(22)
Clinical case	282	(1)
Eye	282	(5)
Central visual pathways	287	(4)
Visual reflexes	291	(7)
Clinical considerations	298	(4)
Synonyms and eponyms	302	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	302	(1)
Questions to ponder	303	(1)
Auditory System	304	(14)
Clinical case	304	(1)
Ear	304	(4)
Auditory transmission	308	(1)
Central auditory pathways	309	(6)
Clinical considerations	315	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	316	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	316	(1)
Questions to ponder	317	(1)
Vestibular System	318	(18)
Clinical case	318	(1)
Vestibular apparatus	319	(6)
Vestibular nerve (CN VIII)	325	(1)
Central pathways of the vestibular system	326	(3)
Control of ocular movements	329	(3)
Vestibular nystagmus	332	(2)
Caloric nystagmus	334	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	334	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	334	(1)
Questions to ponder	335	(1)
Olfactory System	336	(8)
Clinical case	336	(1)
Olfactory receptor cells	336	(2)
Olfactory transduction	338	(1)
Olfactory nerve (CN I)	338	(1)
Central connections of the alfactory system	339	(3)
Clinical considerations	342	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	342	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	342	(1)
Questions to ponder	343	(1)
Limbic System	344	(17)
Clinical case	344	(1)
Limbic lobe	345	(10)
Brainstem centers associated with limbic system function	355	(1)
Pathways of the limbic system	356	(2)
Clinical considerations	358	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	359	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	359	(1)
Questions to ponder	360	(1)
Hypothalamus	361	(24)
Clinical case	361	(1)
Borders	362	(1)
Hypothalamic zones and component nuclei	362	(6)
Hypothalamic regions (areas) and component nuclei	368	(2)
Connections of the hypothalamus	370	(1)
Pathways of the hypothalamus	370	(4)
Functions of the hypothalamus	374	(2)
Hypothalamohypophyseal connections	376	(6)
Clinical considerations	382	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	383	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	383	(1)
Questions to ponder	384	(1)
Thalamus	385	(13)
Clinical case	385	(1)
Borders	385	(1)
Anatomy	385	(3)
Internal and external medullary laminae	388	(1)
Thalamic nuclei	389	(6)
Clinical considerations	395	(1)
Synonyms and eponyms	396	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	396	(1)
Questions to ponder	397	(1)
Cerebral Cortex	398	(27)
Clinical case	398	(2)
Cells of the cerebral cortex	400	(2)
Types of cortex	402	(1)
Cell layers of the neocortex	402	(2)
Vertical columnar organization of the cerebral cortex	404	(1)
Afferents (input) to the cerebral cortex	404	(1)
Efferents (output) from the cerebral cortex	404	(2)
Internal capsule and corona radiata	406	(2)
Lobes of the cerebral cortex	408	(1)
Functional areas of the cerebral cortex	408	(9)
Cerebral dominance	417	(1)
Clinical considerations	417	(4)
Synonyms and eponyms	421	(1)
Follow-up to clinical case	422	(1)
Questions to ponder	423	(2)
Questions to ponder: answers to odd questions	425	(10)
Index	435