Thai Reference Grammar

by Higbie, James

• ISBN13: 9789748304960
• ISBN10: 9748304965
• Edition: Bilingual
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-07-10
• Publisher: Orchid Press

Table of Contents

Introduction	xiii
Pronunciation	xv
Fundamentals
Pronouns	1	(1)
Relationship terms used as pronouns	2	(1)
Other words used to address people	3	(1)
Titles	4	(1)
Basic word order	5	(1)
To be	6	(3)
There is/there exists/it happened	9	(1)
The prefix kwam	10	(2)
The prefix gan	12	(3)
Being	15	(1)
Other prefixes/suffixes/compound words	16	(7)
Referring to Things
It	23	(1)
This/that	24	(3)
That (relative pronoun)	27	(1)
Possessive	28	(1)
Numbers of things	29	(1)
Kind/style	30	(2)
More things/other things	32	(2)
Objects--a thing/something/nothing	34	(2)
Classifiers for ``things'' (objects)	36	(2)
Actions--things/something/nothing	38	(1)
Classifiers for ``things'' (actions)	39	(2)
Referring to People
This person/that person	41	(2)
Who (relative pronoun)	43	(1)
Numbers of people	44	(3)
Someone	47	(2)
Anybody/nobody	49	(1)
Everyone/some people	50	(1)
More people/other people/another person	51	(2)
Myself/yourself	53	(2)
Together	55	(1)
Each other/in a group	56	(2)
Using ruam	58	(1)
Questions
Yes/no questions	59	(2)
Other ways to answer ``yes''	61	(1)
Other ways to answer ``no''	61	(1)
Confirmation questions	62	(2)
Reuh-variations	64	(2)
What?	66	(1)
Which?	67	(1)
Who?/Which person?	68	(1)
Why?	68	(2)
When?	70	(1)
Where?	70	(1)
How much?	71	(1)
How many?	72	(1)
To what extent?/to what point?	72	(1)
How?/in what way?	73	(2)
What kind?	75	(1)
``Some'' with questions	75	(2)
Expanded Sentences
I think that/Do you know if?	77	(3)
Do you know who/what/why?	80	(3)
Other patterns	83	(1)
Using thee	84	(1)
Using gan thee	85	(2)
Tenses
Present	87	(1)
Future	88	(3)
Past	91	(2)
Dai before verbs	93	(3)
Ever/never/used to	96	(3)
Using Verbs
General patterns	99	(2)
Don't	101	(1)
I'd rather/let's	102	(1)
Secondary verbs	102	(3)
Still/not yet	105	(2)
Anyway	107	(1)
``Again/more'' with actions	108	(2)
Not anymore/never again	110	(1)
Want to/would like to	111	(1)
Can/could/able to	112	(3)
Expressions with dai	115	(1)
Must/have to	116	(1)
Should/should have	117	(3)
Sure/not sure	120	(1)
Probably	121	(1)
Might/may/maybe	122	(2)
Might have/must have/could have	124	(1)
Hypothetical meanings	125	(1)
Possible/impossible	126	(1)
Will/would	127	(1)
Would have	128	(1)
Other auxiliary verbs	128	(2)
Passive voice	130	(5)
Using Hai /Requests
Let/allow	135	(2)
Cause	137	(2)
Have/make someone do something	139	(1)
For me/for you	140	(1)
Expressions with hai	141	(1)
Requests	142	(5)
Conjunctions
And	147	(1)
Also/too/either	148	(2)
Although/even though/even if	150	(1)
Because	151	(2)
But	153	(1)
Except/besides/unless	154	(2)
If	156	(2)
In case	158	(1)
Instead	158	(1)
Or	159	(1)
Or else/otherwise	160	(1)
So/therefore	160	(3)
``So/therefore/then'' in responses	163	(1)
So that/in order to	164	(2)
Whether (or not)	166	(1)
Using Gaw
Meanings and functions	167	(1)
Gaw at the beginning of sentences	168	(1)
Gaw with repeated words	169	(2)
Expressions with gaw	171	(3)
Whatever	174	(2)
Whichever	176	(1)
Whoever	177	(2)
Whenever	179	(1)
Wherever	180	(1)
However	181	(2)
Quantifiers
Very	183	(1)
Other quantifying adverbs	184	(3)
Doubling adjectives and adverbs	187	(1)
Many/a lot	188	(2)
A little/a few	190	(2)
Not any at all	192	(1)
Too/too much	193	(1)
Indefinite quantifiers	194	(1)
All/every	194	(4)
Both/all three	198	(1)
Neither/none/not any	199	(1)
Some	200	(2)
The greater part/the smaller part	202	(1)
Each/every/per	203	(1)
Enough	204	(2)
Other phrases with ``enough''	206	(2)
Only/just	208	(4)
Quantifiers with requests & suggestions	212	(2)
More/less	214	(4)
Increase/decrease	218	(3)
Up to an amount/to this extent	221	(3)
Using numbers	224	(2)
Quantity/part/point/level/limit	226	(3)
Comparisons
The same	229	(2)
The same--other phrases	231	(2)
Similar	233	(1)
Different	234	(3)
Comparative--bigger/better	237	(1)
Comparative--other phrases	238	(2)
Even	240	(1)
Superlative--the biggest/the best	241	(1)
Other patterns--comparative & superlative	242	(1)
Become bigger/better	243	(2)
Equal	245	(2)
Other phrases with ``equal''	247	(3)
The verb ``compare''	250	(1)
Like this/like that	250	(3)
Like/as	253	(4)
Looks/looks like/seems	257	(2)
It appears that -- using tha	259	(2)
Prepositions
About	261	(1)
Uses of reuang	262	(2)
Above/over/north of	264	(1)
Across from	264	(1)
Around/in the area of	265	(1)
As/along/according to	266	(1)
Before (a place)	267	(1)
Behind	267	(1)
Between	268	(1)
By	268	(2)
Far (from)	270	(2)
For	272	(2)
From	274	(1)
In/at	275	(2)
In front	277	(1)
Near	278	(1)
Next to	279	(1)
Of	279	(1)
On/attached to	280	(1)
On/on top of	280	(1)
Outside	281	(1)
Over	282	(1)
Past/beyond	282	(1)
To	282	(2)
Toward/at	284	(1)
Under	284	(1)
With	285	(1)
Without	286	(1)
Particles & Interjections
Ka/krup and variations	287	(1)
La and variations	288	(1)
Mung	289	(1)
Na and variations	290	(2)
Nee and variations	292	(1)
Rawk	293	(1)
Thee	294	(1)
Sa--sak and sia	294	(2)
See	296	(1)
Theuh	297	(1)
Interjections	298	(3)
Time Phrases
General patterns with time	301	(1)
``To be'' with time	302	(1)
Quantifiers with time	303	(3)
Indefinite quantifiers with time	306	(1)
Times of day	307	(2)
Phrases with days	309	(2)
Present time phrases	311	(1)
Past time phrases	312	(6)
Past phrases with phan ma	318	(1)
Future time phrases	318	(5)
When (as a conjunction)	323	(2)
Other words for ``when''	325	(1)
Talking about time	326	(2)
On time/early/late	328	(3)
Order of Events
Before	331	(2)
Before this/before that	333	(1)
First, before something else	334	(1)
Then	334	(2)
After	336	(2)
After this/from now on	338	(2)
After that (past/future)	340	(1)
After that/from then on (past)	341	(1)
As soon as	342	(1)
Since	343	(1)
Until	344	(2)
At first/later/finally	346	(2)
First/next/last (person/thing)	348	(2)
Simultaneously/at the same time	350	(1)
The beginning/middle/end	351	(2)
How Long?
Words for ``period of time''	353	(2)
How long did you? (past)	355	(4)
How long have you? (present perfect)	359	(5)
How long will you? (future)	364	(1)
Always/continuously	365	(1)
Always-phrases with pai and ma	366	(1)
All/the whole (phrases)	367	(1)
Spending time/taking time	368	(1)
Amounts of time--other phrases	369	(2)
Frequency
Often	371	(1)
Times/occasions	372	(2)
Frequency with days/weeks/etc	374	(2)
Questions--How often?	376	(2)
More times	378	(1)
Always/whenever	378	(3)
Sometimes	381	(2)
Usually	383	(2)
The first time/this time/next time/last time	385	(3)
The first day/the last day	388	(1)
APPENDIX: CLASSIFIERS
Based on characteristics	389	(1)
Specific classifiers	390	(8)
Special rules: the noun & classifier are the same	398	(3)
Index--Thai	401	(24)
Index--English	425