Thanatochemistry: A Survey of General, Organic, and Biochemistry for Funeral Service Professionals

by Dorn, James M.; Hopkins, Barbara M.

• ISBN13: 9780136541950
• ISBN10: 013654195X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

This book presents the essential facts of chemistry and the chemical aspects of other science related to mortuary science. The book follows closely the recommended course curriculum outline of the American Board of Funeral Service Education. The organization of the book flows logically from inorganic to organic to biochemistry. It begins with a discussion of general chemistry in the first part of the book. Among the topics addressed are: measurements; matter and energy; nature of matter and the changes in matter; chemical reactions; solution; ionization; and selected compounds such as oxygen, hydrogen, water, and ammonia. The second part of the book segues into a discussion of organic chemistry. Among the topics discussed are: nomenclature; reactions; and the uses of fundamental compounds. The third section of the book presents a discussion of biochemistry. The book provides embalming applications throughout and concludes with a chapter summarizing the action and composition of embalming fluids. A valuable chemistry reference book for mortuary professionals.

Table of Contents

PREFACE	vii
PART ONE GENERAL CHEMISTRY	3	(148)
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION	3	(7)
Definition of Chemistry	3	(2)
Divisions of Chemistry	5	(1)
Chemical Measurements	5	(3)
Chapter Summary	8	(1)
Questions	8	(2)
Chapter 2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES	10	(9)
Physical Properties	10	(5)
Chemical Properties	15	(1)
Physical and Chemical Changes	15	(1)
Chapter Summary	16	(1)
Questions	17	(2)
Chapter 3 STATES AND TYPES OF MATTER	19	(12)
Solid XXX Liquid XXX Gas	19	(2)
Solid XXX Gas	21	(1)
Characteristics of States of Matter	22	(6)
Types of Matter	28	(1)
Chapter Summary	29	(1)
Questions	30	(1)
Chapter 4 ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL BONDING	31	(13)
Atoms	31	(7)
The Periodic Table	38	(1)
Chemical Bonding	39	(3)
Chapter Summary	42	(1)
Questions	43	(1)
Chapter 5 CHEMICAL SHORTHAND: SYMBOLS, FORMULAS, AND EQUATIONS	44	(19)
Symbols	44	(2)
Formulas	46	(5)
Molecular Mass	51	(1)
Naming Compounds	51	(1)
Equations	52	(1)
Writing Equations	53	(1)
Balancing Equations	54	(2)
Decomposition	56	(2)
Double-Replacement (Metathesis) Reactions	58	(3)
Chapter Summary	61	(1)
Questions	61	(2)
Chapter 6 RADIATION CHEMISTRY	63	(20)
Radioactivity	63	(3)
Transmutation	66	(2)
Half-Life	68	(1)
Artificial Transmutations	69	(2)
Radiation Quantities and Units	71	(2)
Radiation Detectors	73	(2)
Protection from Radiation	75	(2)
Sources of Radiation Encountered by Embalmers	77	(1)
Vehicles of Radionuclide Therapy	78	(1)
Preparation of the Body without Autopsy	78	(1)
Preparation of the Autopsied Body	79	(1)
Cremation	80	(1)
Summary of Precautionary Procedures	80	(1)
Chapter Summary	81	(1)
Questions	82	(1)
Chapter 7 OXYGEN	83	(11)
Facts about Oxygen	83	(1)
Physical Properties	83	(1)
Chemical Properties	84	(2)
Methods for the Preparation of Oxygen	86	(2)
Factors Affecting Reaction Rates	88	(3)
Forms of Oxygen	91	(1)
Chapter Summary	92	(1)
Questions	93	(1)
Chapter 8 HYDROGEN	94	(8)
Facts about Hydrogen	94	(1)
Physical Properties	94	(1)
Chemical Properties	95	(2)
Preparation of Hydrogen	97	(3)
Chapter Summary	100	(1)
Questions	100	(2)
Chapter 9 WATER	102	(10)
Facts about Water	102	(1)
Physical Properties	103	(1)
Hydrogen Bonding	103	(2)
Chemical Properties	105	(1)
Preparation of Water	106	(1)
Hardness in Water	106	(2)
Relationship of Hard Water to Embalming	108	(1)
Classes of Impurities in Water	109	(1)
Purification Methods	109	(1)
Chapter Summary	110	(1)
Questions	111	(1)
Chapter 10 SOLUTIONS	112	(9)
Types and Components of Solutions	112	(1)
Solubility	113	(1)
Concentration Terms	114	(1)
Properties of Solutions	115	(2)
Application of Osmotic Principles to Embalming	117	(1)
Colloids and Suspensions	117	(2)
Chapter Summary	119	(1)
Questions	119	(2)
Chapter 11 ACIDS, BASES, SALTS, AND IONIZATION	121	(20)
Self-Ionization of Water	121	(1)
Definitions of Acids and Bases	122	(1)
Arrhenius Theory	122	(4)
Common Aqueous Acids and Bases	126	(1)
Properties of Aqueous Acids and Bases	127	(3)
Bronsted-Lowry Theory	130	(1)
Lewis Theory	131	(1)
Anhydrides	132	(1)
Salts	132	(2)
Ionization	134	(1)
pH: Hydrogen-Ion Concentration	135	(2)
Chapter Summary	137	(1)
Questions	138	(3)
Chapter 12 HYDRATES AND HYDROLYSIS	141	(10)
Hydrates	141	(3)
Hydrolysis	144	(2)
Chapter Summary	146	(1)
Questions	147	(4)
PART TWO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY	151	(72)
Chapter 13 INTRODUCTION	151	(6)
Nature of Organic Chemistry	151	(1)
Properties of Carbon	152	(1)
Functional Groups	153	(1)
Formulas	154	(1)
Chapter Summary	155	(1)
Questions	155	(2)
Chapter 14 HYDROCARBONS	157	(16)
Hydrocarbons	157	(10)
Aromatic Hydrocarbons	167	(3)
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons	170	(1)
Sources of Aromatic Compounds	170	(1)
Chapter Summary	171	(1)
Questions	172	(1)
Chapter 15 ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS	173	(14)
Alcohols	173	(4)
Important Alcohols in Embalming	177	(2)
Phenols	179	(1)
Cresols	180	(1)
Resorcinol	180	(1)
Hexyl Resorcinol	181	(1)
Hexachlorophene	181	(1)
Comparison of Alcohols as Germicides	181	(1)
Thioalcohols (Metacaptans)	182	(1)
Ethers	183	(2)
Chapter Summary	185	(1)
Questions	185	(2)
Chapter 16 ALDEHYDES AND KETONES	187	(10)
Aldehydes	187	(7)
Ketones	194	(2)
Chapter Summary	196	(1)
Questions	196	(1)
Chapter 17 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ESTERS	197	(14)
Structure of Organic Acids	197	(1)
Monocarboxylic Acids	198	(1)
Acidic Nature of Carboxylic Acids	199	(1)
Organic Salts	200	(1)
Dicarboxylic Acids	200	(2)
Hydroxy Acids	202	(2)
Chelates	204	(1)
Lactic Acid	205	(1)
Esters	205	(4)
Thioesters	209	(1)
Chapter Summary	210	(1)
Questions	210	(1)
Chapter 18 AMINES AND AMIDES	211	(12)
Amines	211	(2)
Reactions of Amines	213	(2)
Aromatic Amines	215	(1)
Heterocyclic Amines	215	(2)
Quarternary Ammonium Compounds	217	(2)
Chapter Summary	219	(1)
Questions	219	(4)
PART THREE BIOCHEMISTRY	223	(102)
Chapter 19 INTRODUCTION	223	(8)
Elemental Composition	223	(2)
Molecular Composition	225	(2)
Macromolecules	227	(2)
Metabolism	229	(1)
Chapter Summary	230	(1)
Questions	230	(1)
Chapter 20 PROTEINS	231	(24)
Protein Composition	231	(1)
Amino Acids	232	(3)
Amphoterism	235	(2)
Peptide Linkage	237	(1)
Cross-Linking of Proteins	238	(1)
Protein Structure	239	(9)
Hemoglobin	248	(1)
Breakdown of Hemoglobin	249	(2)
Denaturation	251	(1)
Protein Breakdown	251	(2)
Chapter Summary	253	(1)
Questions	254	(1)
Chapter 21 ENZYMES	255	(9)
Enzyme Function	255	(1)
Nomenclature	256	(1)
Chemical Properties of Enzymes	257	(2)
Regulation of Enzyme Activity	259	(3)
The Role of Enzymes in Decomposition	262	(1)
Chapter Summary	262	(1)
Questions	262	(2)
Chapter 22 CARBOHYDRATES	264	(32)
Definition and Classification	264	(1)
Monosaccharides	265	(5)
Disaccharides	270	(2)
Polysaccharides	272	(3)
Proteoglycans	275	(1)
Reactions of Carbohydrates	275	(3)
Photosynthesis	278	(1)
Synthesis of Adenosine Triphosphate	278	(11)
Muscle Contraction: Rigor Mortis	289	(4)
Chapter Summary	293	(1)
Questions	294	(2)
Chapter 23 LIPIDS	296	(15)
Classification of Lipids	296	(1)
Simple Lipids	296	(2)
Compound Lipids	298	(2)
Miscellaneous Lipids	300	(5)
Reactions of Lipids	305	(3)
Significance of Lipids to the Embalming Process	308	(1)
Chapter Summary	309	(1)
Questions	309	(2)
Chapter 24 SUMMARY OF THE ACTION AND COMPOSITION OF EMBALMING FLUIDS	311	(14)
Actions of Preservative Chemicals	311	(2)
Preservation by Formaldehyde	313	(2)
Embalming Fluids: Basic Types	315	(6)
Factors Influencing Stability of Fluids (Shelf Life)	321	(1)
Potentially Hazardous Chemicals Used in Embalming or Present in the Mortuary	321	(1)
Chapter Summary	322	(1)
Questions	323	(2)
APPENDIX A: SAMPLE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET	325	(2)
APPENDIX B: ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS	327	(14)
GLOSSARY OF CHEMICAL TERMS	341	(8)
INDEX	349