Theories Of Human Communication

by Littlejohn,Stephen W.

• ISBN13: 9780495095873
• ISBN10: 0495095877
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-02-26
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

THEORIES OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION is considered the seminal text in the field. Littlejohn and Foss present the range of communication theories currently available in the discipline, organizing them according to the scholarly traditions and contexts from which they emerge. Clear and accessible writing, charts that summarize the relationships among theories, and sections devoted to applications and implications help position theories within the discipline as a whole.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
Foundations	p. 1
Communication Theory and Scholarship	p. 2
Defining Communication	p. 3
The Academic Study of Communication	p. 4
The Process of Inquiry in Communication	p. 7
A Basic Model of Inquiry	p. 7
Types of Scholarship	p. 7
How Scholars Work	p. 9
Notes	p. 11
The Idea of Theory	p. 14
Dimensions of Theory	p. 16
Philosophical Assumptions	p. 16
Concepts	p. 19
Explanations	p. 19
Principles	p. 19
Nomothetic Theory	p. 20
Philosophical Assumptions	p. 21
Concepts	p. 22
Explanations	p. 22
Practical Theory	p. 23
Philosophical Assumptions	p. 24
Concepts	p. 24
Explanations	p. 25
Principles	p. 25
Evaluating Communication Theory	p. 26
Theoretical Scope	p. 26
Appropriateness	p. 26
Heuristic Value	p. 27
Validity	p. 27
Parsimony	p. 27
Openness	p. 27
So What Makes a Good Theory After All?	p. 28
Looking Forward	p. 28
Notes	p. 30
Traditions of Communication Theory	p. 33
Framing Communication Theory	p. 34
The Semiotic Tradition	p. 35
Key Ideas of the Semiotic Tradition	p. 35
Variations in the Semiotic Tradition	p. 36
The Phenomenological Tradition	p. 37
Key Ideas of the Phenomenological Tradition	p. 37
Variations in the Phenomenological Tradition	p. 38
The Cybernetic Tradition	p. 39
Key Ideas of the Cybernetic Tradition	p. 39
Variations in the Cybernetic Tradition	p. 41
The Sociopsychological Tradition	p. 41
Key Ideas of the Sociopsychological Tradition	p. 42
Variations in the Sociopsychological Tradition	p. 43
The Sociocultural Tradition	p. 43
Key Ideas of the Sociocultural Tradition	p. 43
Variations in the Sociocultural Tradition	p. 44
The Critical Tradition	p. 45
Key Ideas of the Critical Tradition	p. 46
Variations in the Critical Tradition	p. 46
The Rhetorical Tradition	p. 49
Key Ideas of the Rhetorical Tradition	p. 49
Variations in the Rhetorical Tradition	p. 50
Expanding Contexts for Communication	p. 51
Notes	p. 57
Theories	p. 63
The Communicator	p. 64
The Sociopsychological Tradition	p. 66
Trait Theory	p. 66
Cognition and Information Processing	p. 69
The Cybernetic Tradition	p. 75
Information-Integration Theory	p. 75
Consistency Theories	p. 78
The Sociocultural Tradition	p. 82
Symbolic Interaction and the Development of Self	p. 82
Harre on Person and Self	p. 83
The Social Construction of Emotion	p. 85
The Presentational Self	p. 87
The Communication Theory of Identity	p. 88
Identity Negotiation Theory	p. 90
The Critical Tradition	p. 91
Standpoint Theory	p. 92
Identity as Constructed and Performed	p. 93
Queer Theory	p. 93
Applications & Implications	p. 94
Notes	p. 98
The Message	p. 103
The Semiotic Tradition	p. 105
Symbol Theory: Susanne Langer	p. 105
Classical Foundations of Language	p. 106
Theories of Nonverbal Coding	p. 108
The Sociocultural Tradition	p. 112
Speech Act Theory	p. 112
Kenneth Burke's Theory of Identification	p. 114
Language and Gender	p. 116
The Sociopsychological Tradition	p. 119
Action-Assembly Theory	p. 119
Strategy-Choice Models	p. 122
Message-Design Models	p. 126
Semantic-Meaning Theory	p. 129
The Phenomenological Tradition	p. 132
Paul Ricoeur	p. 133
Stanley Fish	p. 134
Hans-Georg Gadamer	p. 135
Applications & Implications	p. 137
Notes	p. 141
The Conversation	p. 147
The Sociopsychological Tradition	p. 149
Managing Uncertainty and Anxiety	p. 149
Accommodation and Adaptation	p. 152
The Sociocultural Tradition	p. 159
Symbolic Interactionism	p. 159
Symbolic-Convergence Theory	p. 162
Conversation Analysis	p. 164
Face-Negotiation Theory	p. 172
The Cybernetic Tradition	p. 175
The Coordinated Management of Meaning	p. 175
The Critical Tradition	p. 180
Language-Centered Perspective on Culture	p. 181
Co-Cultural Theory	p. 181
Invitational Rhetoric	p. 182
Applications & Implications	p. 184
Notes	p. 188
The Relationship	p. 194
The Cybernetic Tradition	p. 197
Relational Patterns of Interaction	p. 197
The Sociopsychological Tradition	p. 199
Relational Schemas in the Family	p. 199
Social Penetration Theory	p. 202
The Sociocultural Tradition	p. 204
Identity-Management Theory	p. 204
A Dialogical/Dialectical Theory of Relationships	p. 207
Communication Privacy Management	p. 212
The Phenomenological Tradition	p. 214
Carl Rogers	p. 214
Martin Buber	p. 216
Applications & Implications	p. 217
Notes	p. 220
The Group	p. 224
The Sociopsychological Tradition	p. 227
Interaction Process Analysis	p. 227
The Cybernetic Tradition	p. 228
Bona Fide Group Theory	p. 228
Input-Process-Output Models	p. 230
The Sociocultural Tradition	p. 235
Structuration Theory	p. 236
Functional Theory	p. 239
Groupthink Theory	p. 242
The Critical Tradition	p. 243
Applications & Implications	p. 244
Notes	p. 247
The Organization	p. 251
The Sociopsychological Tradition	p. 254
Weber's Theory of Bureaucracy	p. 254
The Cybernetic Tradition	p. 255
The Process of Organizing	p. 256
Taylor's Co-orientation Theory of Organizations	p. 258
Network Theory	p. 260
The Sociocultural Tradition	p. 262
Structuration Theory	p. 263
Organizational Control Theory	p. 265
Organizational Culture	p. 268
The Critical Tradition	p. 271
Dennis Mumby's Discourse of Suspicion	p. 272
Deetz on Managerialism and Organizational Democracy	p. 273
Gender and Race in Organizational Communication	p. 274
Applications & Implications	p. 277
Notes	p. 280
The Media	p. 285
The Semiotic Tradition	p. 288
Jean Baudrillard and the Semiotics of Media	p. 288
The Sociocultural Tradition	p. 289
Medium Theory	p. 289
The Agenda-Setting Function	p. 293
Social Action Media Studies	p. 295
The Sociopsychological Tradition	p. 298
The Effects Tradition	p. 298
Cultivation Theory	p. 299
Uses, Gratifications, and Dependency	p. 300
The Cybernetic Tradition	p. 303
Public Opinion and the Spiral of Silence	p. 303
The Critical Tradition	p. 305
Branches of Critical Media Theory	p. 305
Feminist Media Studies	p. 306
Bell hooks's Critique of Media	p. 306
Applications & Implications	p. 308
Notes	p. 310
Culture and Society	p. 315
The Semiotic Tradition	p. 317
Linguistic Relativity	p. 317
Elaborated and Restricted Codes	p. 318
The Cybernetic Tradition	p. 321
The Diffusion of Information and Influence	p. 321
The Phenomenological Tradition	p. 323
Cultural Hermeneutics	p. 323
The Sociocultural Tradition	p. 324
Ethnography of Communication	p. 325
Performance Ethnography	p. 328
The Critical Tradition	p. 329
Modernism	p. 330
Postmodernism	p. 337
Poststructuralism and the Work of Michel Foucault	p. 342
Postcolonialism	p. 343
Applications & Implications	p. 346
Notes	p. 348
Continuing the Conversation Theorizing Your World	p. 353
Bibliography	p. 356
Index	p. 389
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