Theories of Psychotherapy and Counseling Concepts and Cases (with InfoTrac)

by Sharf, Richard S.

• ISBN13: 9780534531041
• ISBN10: 0534531040
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-05-16
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

1. Introduction. 2. Psychoanalysis. 3. Jungian Analysis and Therapy. 4. Adlerian Therapy. 5. Existential Therapy. 6. Person-Centered Therapy. 7. Gestalt Therapy. 8. Behavior Therapy. 9. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. 10. Cognitive Therapy. 11. Reality Therapy. 12. Feminist Therapy. 13. Family Systems Therapy. 14. Other Psychotherapies. 15. Constructivist and Integrative Approaches. 16. Comparison and Critique.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(24)
Theory	1	(2)
Precision and Clarity	1	(1)
Comprehensiveness	2	(1)
Testability	2	(1)
Usefulness	2	(1)
Psychotherapy and Counseling	3	(1)
Theories of Psychotherapy and Counseling	4	(6)
Psychoanalysis	6	(1)
Jungian Analysis and Therapy	6	(1)
Adlerian Therapy	6	(1)
Existential Therapy	7	(1)
Person-Centered Therapy	7	(1)
Gestalt Therapy	7	(1)
Behavior Therapy	7	(1)
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy	7	(1)
Cognitive Therapy	8	(1)
Reality Therapy	8	(1)
Feminist Therapy	8	(1)
Family Therapy	8	(1)
Other Psychotherapies	9	(1)
Constructivist and Integrative Therapies	9	(1)
Organization of the Chapters	10	(11)
History or Background	10	(1)
Personality Theories	11	(1)
Theories of Psychotherapy	11	(1)
Psychological Disorders	11	(5)
Brief Psychotherapy	16	(1)
Current Trends	17	(1)
Using a Theory with Other Theories	18	(1)
Research	18	(2)
Gender Issues	20	(1)
Multicultural Issues	20	(1)
Group Therapy	21	(1)
Ethics	21	(1)
My Theory of Psychotherapy and Counseling	22	(1)
Your Theory of Psychotherapy and Counseling	22	(1)
Suggested Readings	22	(1)
References	23	(2)
Psychoanalysis	25	(54)
History of Psychoanalysis	26	(3)
Freud's Drive Theory	29	(6)
Drive and Instincts	29	(1)
Levels of Consciousness	30	(1)
Structure of Personality	31	(1)
Defense Mechanisms	32	(2)
Psychosexual Stages of Development	34	(1)
Ego Psychology	35	(3)
Anna Freud	36	(1)
Erik Erikson	36	(2)
Object Relations Psychology	38	(2)
Donald Winnicott	38	(1)
Otto Kernberg	39	(1)
Kohut's Self Psychology	40	(2)
Relational Psychoanalysis	42	(2)
Psychoanalytical Approaches to Treatment	44	(7)
Therapeutic Goals	44	(1)
Assessment	45	(1)
Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy, and Psychoanalytic Counseling	45	(1)
Free Association	46	(1)
Neutrality and Empathy	46	(1)
Resistance	47	(1)
Interpretation	48	(1)
Interpretation of Dreams	48	(1)
Interpretation and Analysis of Transference	49	(1)
Countertransference	50	(1)
Relational Responses	51	(1)
Psychological Disorders	51	(9)
Treatment of Hysteria	52	(2)
Childhood Anxiety	54	(1)
Borderline Disorders	55	(2)
Narcissistic Disorders	57	(1)
Depression	58	(2)
Brief Psychoanalytic Therapy	60	(2)
Current Trends	62	(1)
Using Psychoanalysis with Other Theories	63	(1)
Research	64	(3)
Gender Issues	67	(1)
Multicultural Issues	68	(2)
Group Therapy	70	(1)
Summary	71	(1)
Suggested Readings	72	(1)
References	73	(6)
Jungian Analysis and Therapy	79	(40)
History of Jungian Analysis and Therapy	79	(4)
Theory of Personality	83	(10)
Levels of Consciousness	83	(2)
Archetypes	85	(3)
Personality Attitudes and Functions	88	(3)
Personality Development	91	(2)
Jungian Analysis and Therapy	93	(11)
Therapeutic Goals	93	(1)
Analysis, Therapy, and Counseling	93	(1)
Assessment	94	(2)
The Therapeutic Relationship	96	(1)
Stages of Therapy	96	(1)
Dreams and Analysis	97	(3)
Active Imagination	100	(1)
Other Techniques	101	(1)
Transference and Countertransference	101	(3)
Psychological Disorders	104	(3)
Anxiety Neurosis	104	(1)
Depression	105	(1)
Borderline Disorders	106	(1)
Psychotic Disorders	106	(1)
Brief Therapy	107	(1)
Current Trends	107	(1)
Using Jungian Concepts with Other Theories	108	(1)
Research	109	(1)
Gender Issues	110	(1)
Multicultural Issues	111	(2)
Group Therapy	113	(1)
Summary	113	(1)
Suggested Readings	114	(1)
References	114	(5)
Adlerian Therapy	119	(38)
History of Adlerian Theory	119	(3)
Influences on Adlerian Psychology and Therapy	121	(1)
Adler's Theory of Personality	122	(4)
Style of Life	122	(2)
Social Interest	124	(1)
Inferiority and Superiority	125	(1)
Birth Order	126	(1)
Adlerian Theory of Therapy and Counseling	126	(13)
Goals of Therapy and Counseling	127	(1)
The Therapeutic Relationship	127	(2)
Assessment and Analysis	129	(4)
Insight and Interpretation	133	(1)
Reorientation	134	(5)
Psychological Disorders	139	(6)
Depression	139	(3)
Generalized Anxiety	142	(1)
Eating Disorders	143	(1)
Borderline Disorder	144	(1)
Brief Therapy	145	(1)
Current Trends	146	(1)
Using Adlerian Therapy with Other Theories	147	(1)
Research	148	(2)
Gender Issues	150	(1)
Multicultural Issues	150	(1)
Group Counseling and Therapy	151	(1)
Summary	152	(1)
Suggested Readings	153	(1)
References	153	(4)
Existential Therapy	157	(45)
History of Existential Thought	157	(5)
Existential Philosophers	158	(2)
Originators of Existential Psychotherapy	160	(1)
Recent Contributors to Existential Psychotherapy	161	(1)
Existential Personality Theory	162	(10)
Being-in-the-World	163	(1)
Four Ways of Being	163	(2)
Time and Being	165	(1)
Anxiety	166	(1)
Living and Dying	166	(1)
Freedom, Responsibility, and Choice	167	(1)
Isolation and Loving	168	(1)
Meaning and Meaninglessness	169	(1)
Self-Transcendence	170	(1)
Striving for Authenticity	171	(1)
Existential Psychotherapy	172	(11)
Goals of Existential Psychotherapy	172	(1)
Existential Psychotherapy and Counseling	173	(1)
Assessment	173	(2)
The Therapeutic Relationship	175	(2)
Living and Dying	177	(1)
Freedom, Responsibility, and Choice	178	(3)
Isolation and Loving	181	(1)
Meaning and Meaninglessness	182	(1)
Psychological Disorders	183	(4)
Depression	183	(1)
Borderline Disorder	184	(1)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder	184	(1)
Anxiety Disorder	185	(1)
Alcoholism	186	(1)
Brief Therapy	187	(2)
Current Trends	189	(1)
Using Existential Therapy with Other Theories	190	(1)
Research	190	(2)
Gender Issues	192	(1)
Multicultural Issues	193	(1)
Group Counseling and Psychotherapy	194	(2)
Living and Dying	195	(1)
Freedom, Responsibility, and Choice	195	(1)
Isolation and Loving	195	(1)
Meaning and Meaninglessness	196	(1)
Summary	196	(1)
Suggested Readings	197	(1)
References	197	(5)
Person-Centered Therapy	202	(35)
History of Person-Centered Therapy	202	(4)
Person-Centered Theory of Personality	206	(3)
Psychological Development	207	(1)
Development and Conditionality	207	(1)
Self-Regard and Relationships	208	(1)
The Fully Functioning Person	208	(1)
A Person-Centered Theory of Psychotherapy	209	(8)
Goals	209	(1)
Assessment	209	(1)
The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Client Change	210	(4)
The Client's Experience in Therapy	214	(3)
The Process of Person-Centered Psychotherapy	217	(1)
Psychological Disorders	217	(5)
Depression	218	(1)
Grief and Loss	219	(2)
Borderline Disorder	221	(1)
Brief Therapy	222	(1)
Current Trends	222	(2)
Societal Implications	222	(1)
Theoretical Purity Versus Eclecticism	223	(1)
Constructivist Trends	223	(1)
Training Trends	224	(1)
Using Person-Centered Therapy with Other Theories	224	(1)
Research	225	(3)
Research on the Core Conditions	225	(2)
The Effectiveness of Person-Centered Therapy	227	(1)
Gender Issues	228	(1)
Multicultural Issues	229	(1)
Group Counseling	229	(2)
Summary	231	(1)
Suggested Readings	232	(1)
References	232	(5)
Gestalt Therapy	237	(39)
History of Gestalt Therapy	237	(4)
Influences on the Development of Gestalt Therapy	239	(2)
Gestalt Theory of Personality	241	(7)
Gestalt Psychology and Gestalt Therapy	241	(2)
Contact	243	(1)
Contact Boundaries	244	(1)
Contact Boundary Disturbances	245	(1)
Awareness	246	(1)
The Present	247	(1)
Theory of Gestalt Psychotherapy	248	(13)
Goals of Therapy	248	(1)
The Therapeutic Relationship	249	(1)
Assessment in Gestalt Psychotherapy	249	(2)
Therapeutic Change	251	(1)
Enhancing Awareness	251	(7)
Integration and Creativity	258	(1)
Risks	259	(2)
Psychological Disorders	261	(3)
Depression	261	(1)
Anxiety	262	(1)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	263	(1)
Substance Abuse	263	(1)
Brief Therapy	264	(1)
Current Trends	264	(1)
Using Gestalt Psychotherapy with Other Theories	265	(1)
Research	266	(2)
Gender Issues	268	(1)
Multicultural Issues	269	(1)
Group Therapy	269	(2)
Summary	271	(1)
Suggested Readings	272	(1)
References	272	(4)
Behavior Therapy	276	(44)
History of Behavior Therapy	276	(4)
Classical Conditioning	277	(1)
Operant Conditioning	278	(1)
Social Cognitive Theory	279	(1)
Current Status of Behavior Therapy	280	(1)
Behavior Theory of Personality	280	(5)
Positive Reinforcement	281	(1)
Extinction	282	(1)
Generalization	282	(1)
Discrimination	282	(1)
Shaping	283	(1)
Observational Learning	283	(2)
Theories of Behavior Therapy	285	(12)
Goals of Behavior Therapy	285	(1)
Behavioral Assessment	286	(1)
General Treatment Approach	287	(1)
Systematic Desensitization	288	(3)
Imaginal Flooding Therapies	291	(1)
In Vivo Therapies	292	(1)
Modeling Techniques	293	(2)
Self-Instructional Training: A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach	295	(1)
Stress Inoculation: A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach	295	(2)
Psychological Disorders	297	(5)
Depression	297	(1)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder	298	(2)
General Anxiety Disorder	300	(1)
Phobic Disorder	301	(1)
Brief Therapy	302	(1)
Current Trends	302	(4)
Treatment Manuals	303	(1)
Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing	303	(1)
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy	304	(1)
Ethical Issues	305	(1)
Using Behavior Therapy with Other Theories	306	(1)
Research	307	(3)
Review of the Evidence	307	(1)
Behavioral Research on Depression	308	(1)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder	308	(1)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	309	(1)
Research on Phobias	310	(1)
Gender Issues	310	(1)
Multicultural Issues	311	(1)
Group Therapy	312	(2)
Social-Skills Training	312	(1)
Assertiveness Training	313	(1)
Summary	314	(1)
Suggested Readings	314	(1)
References	315	(5)
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy	320	(37)
History of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy	320	(2)
Rational Emotive Behavior Theory of Personality	322	(6)
Philosophical Viewpoints	322	(2)
Factors Basic to the Rational Emotive Behavior Theory of Personality	324	(1)
The Rational Emotive Behavior A-B-C Theory of Personality	325	(3)
Rational Emotive Behavior Theory of Psychotherapy	328	(11)
Goals of Therapy	328	(1)
Assessment	328	(1)
The Therapeutic Relationship	329	(3)
The A-B-C-D-E Therapeutic Approach	332	(4)
Other Cognitive Approaches	336	(1)
Emotive Techniques	337	(1)
Behavioral Methods	338	(1)
Insight	339	(1)
Psychological Disorders	339	(5)
Anxiety Disorder	340	(2)
Depression	342	(1)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder	343	(1)
Alcohol and Substance Abuse	343	(1)
Brief Therapy	344	(1)
Current Trends	345	(1)
Using Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy with Other Theories	346	(1)
Research	346	(1)
Gender Issues	347	(2)
Multicultural Issues	349	(1)
Group Therapy	350	(1)
Summary	351	(1)
Suggested Readings	352	(1)
References	352	(5)
Cognitive Therapy	357	(43)
History of Cognitive Therapy	357	(3)
Theoretical Influences	359	(1)
Current Influences	360	(1)
Cognitive Theory of Personality	360	(6)
Causation and Psychological Disorders	361	(1)
The Cognitive Model of Development	361	(1)
Automatic Thoughts	361	(1)
Cognitive Schemas	362	(2)
Cognitive Distortions	364	(2)
Theory of Cognitive Therapy	366	(10)
Goals of Therapy	366	(1)
Assessment in Cognitive Therapy	366	(5)
The Therapeutic Relationship	371	(1)
The Therapeutic Process	371	(2)
Therapeutic Techniques	373	(3)
Cognitive Treatment of Psychological Disorders	376	(9)
Depression	376	(3)
General Anxiety Disorder	379	(1)
Obsessive Disorder	380	(2)
Substance Abuse	382	(3)
Brief Cognitive Therapy	385	(1)
Current Trends	385	(1)
Using Cognitive Therapy with Other Theories	386	(1)
Research	387	(3)
Research on Depression	387	(1)
Research on Generalized Anxiety	388	(1)
Research on Obsessional Disorders	389	(1)
Gender Issues	390	(1)
Multicultural Issues	391	(1)
Group Therapy	392	(1)
Summary	393	(1)
Suggested Readings	394	(1)
References	394	(6)
Reality Therapy	400	(37)
History of Reality Therapy	401	(1)
Personality Theory: Choice Theory	402	(4)
Pictures of Reality	403	(1)
Needs	403	(1)
Choice	404	(1)
Behavior	404	(1)
Choosing Behavior	405	(1)
Theory of Reality Therapy	406	(12)
Goals of Reality Therapy	406	(1)
Assessment	407	(1)
The Process of Reality Therapy	408	(5)
Therapist Attitudes	413	(1)
Reality Therapy Strategies	414	(4)
Psychological Disorders	418	(9)
Eating Disorders: Choosing to Starve and Purge	418	(5)
The Choice to Abuse Drugs	423	(1)
The Choice to Depress	424	(2)
The Choice to Anxietize	426	(1)
Current Trends	427	(1)
Using Reality Therapy with Other Theories	427	(1)
Research	428	(2)
Gender Issues	430	(1)
Multicultural Issues	430	(1)
Group Counseling	431	(1)
Summary	432	(1)
Suggested Readings	433	(1)
References	433	(4)
Feminist Therapy	437	(42)
Gender as a Multicultural Issue	438	(1)
History of Feminist Therapy	438	(3)
Feminist Theories of Personality	441	(8)
Gender Differences and Similarities Across the Life Span	441	(3)
Gender Schema Theory	444	(1)
Gilligan's Ethic of Care	445	(2)
The Relational Model	447	(2)
Theories of Feminist Therapy	449	(7)
Goals of Feminist Therapy	449	(1)
Assessment Issues in Feminist Therapy	450	(1)
Techniques of Feminist Therapy	451	(5)
Using Feminist Therapy with Other Theories	456	(3)
Feminist Psychoanalytic Theory	457	(1)
Feminist Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy	457	(1)
Feminist Gestalt Therapy	458	(1)
Feminist Therapy and Counseling	459	(1)
Brief Therapy	459	(1)
Psychological Disorders	459	(5)
Depression	459	(2)
Borderline Personality Disorder	461	(1)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	462	(2)
Eating Disorders	464	(1)
Current Trends and Issues	464	(2)
Research	466	(1)
Gender Issues	467	(3)
Feminist Therapy with Men	468	(1)
Feminist Therapy with Gay and Lesbian Clients	469	(1)
Multicultural Issues	470	(1)
Group Counseling	471	(2)
Summary	473	(1)
Suggested Readings	473	(1)
References	474	(5)
Family Therapy	479	(47)
Historical Background	480	(5)
Early Approaches to Family Counseling	480	(1)
Psychoanalytic and Related Influences on Family Therapy	481	(1)
The Study of Communication Patterns in Families with Members Having Symptoms of Schizophrenia	481	(2)
General Systems Theory	483	(2)
Bowen's Intergenerational Approach	485	(7)
Theory of Family Systems	485	(3)
Therapy Goals	488	(1)
Techniques of Bowen's Family Therapy	488	(2)
An Example of Intergenerational Family Systems Therapy	490	(2)
Structural Family Therapy	492	(5)
Concepts of Structural Family Therapy	492	(2)
Goals of Structural Family Therapy	494	(1)
Techniques of Structural Family Therapy	494	(2)
Example of Structural Family Therapy	496	(1)
Strategic Therapy	497	(5)
Concepts of Strategic Therapy	497	(1)
Goals	498	(1)
Techniques of Strategic Family Therapy	498	(3)
An Example of Strategic Therapy	501	(1)
Experiential and Humanistic Family Therapies	502	(3)
The Experiential Therapy of Carl Whitaker	502	(1)
The Humanistic Approach of Virginia Satir	503	(2)
Integrative Approaches to Family Systems Therapy	505	(1)
Theories of Individual Therapy as Applied to Family Therapy	506	(3)
Psychoanalysis	506	(1)
Adlerian Therapy	506	(1)
Existential Therapy	506	(1)
Person-Centered Therapy	507	(1)
Gestalt Therapy	507	(1)
Behavior Therapy	507	(1)
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy	507	(1)
Cognitive Therapy	508	(1)
Reality Therapy	508	(1)
Feminist Therapy	508	(1)
Brief Family Systems Therapy	509	(3)
The Mental Research Institute Brief Family Therapy Model	509	(1)
Long Brief Therapy of the Milan Associates	510	(2)
Current Trends in Family Systems Therapy	512	(1)
Psychoeducational Approaches	512	(1)
Professional Training and Organizations	512	(1)
Family Law	513	(1)
Medicine	513	(1)
Research	513	(3)
Evaluation of Family Therapies	514	(1)
Family Therapy Applied to a Variety of Problems	515	(1)
Gender Issues	516	(1)
Multicultural Issues	517	(2)
Family Systems Therapy Applied to the Individual	519	(1)
Couples Counseling	519	(1)
Summary	520	(1)
Suggested Readings	520	(1)
References	521	(5)
Other Psychotherapies	526	(44)
Asian Psychotherapies	527	(7)
Background	527	(1)
Asian Theories of Personality	528	(1)
Asian Theories of Psychotherapy	529	(4)
Summary	533	(1)
References	534	(1)
Body Psychotherapies	534	(8)
Background	535	(1)
Personality Theory and the Body	536	(2)
Psychotherapeutic Approaches	538	(4)
Summary	542	(1)
References	542	(1)
Interpersonal Psychotherapy	542	(12)
Background	543	(1)
Personality Theory	544	(1)
Goals	545	(3)
Techniques of Interpersonal Therapy	548	(2)
An Example of Interpersonal Therapy	550	(2)
Other Applications of Interpersonal Therapy	552	(1)
Summary	553	(1)
References	553	(1)
Psychodrama	554	(7)
Background	554	(1)
Theory of Personality	555	(1)
Theory of Psychotherapy	556	(4)
Summary	560	(1)
References	561	(1)
Creative Arts Therapies	561	(8)
Art Therapy	562	(1)
Dance Movement Therapy	563	(2)
Dramatherapy	565	(2)
Music Therapy	567	(1)
Summary	568	(1)
References	568	(1)
Summary	569	(1)
Constructivist and Integrative Approaches	570	(33)
History of Constructivist and Integrative Approaches	571	(2)
George Kelly	572	(1)
Milton Erickson	572	(1)
Solution-Focused Therapy	573	(4)
Goals	574	(1)
Techniques of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy	574	(3)
Narrative Therapy	577	(6)
Epston and White's Narrative Therapy	579	(1)
Concepts of Epston and White's Narrative Therapy	579	(1)
Goals	579	(1)
Techniques of Narrative Therapy	580	(1)
An Example of Narrative Therapy	581	(2)
Integration: A Transtheoretical Approach	583	(2)
Integration: A Theoretical Integration Model	585	(2)
Integration: Technical Eclecticism Approach	587	(7)
Multimodal Theory of Personality	588	(1)
Goals of Therapy	589	(2)
Treatment Approach	591	(3)
Current Trends	594	(1)
Research	595	(1)
Gender Issues	596	(1)
Multicultural Issues	597	(1)
Summary	598	(1)
Suggested Readings	599	(1)
References	599	(4)
Comparison and Critique	603	(32)
Basic Concepts of Personality	603	(4)
Goals of Therapy	607	(1)
Assessment in Therapy	608	(1)
Therapeutic Techniques	608	(4)
Differential Treatment	612	(1)
Brief Psychotherapy	613	(2)
Current Trends	615	(1)
Using The Theory with Other Theories	616	(1)
Research	616	(1)
Outcome Research	616	(1)
Future Directions	617	(1)
Gender Issues	617	(3)
Multicultural Issues	620	(1)
Couples and Family Therapy	621	(1)
Group Therapy	621	(3)
Critique	624	(7)
Psychoanalysis	624	(1)
Jungian Analysis	625	(1)
Adlerian Therapy	626	(1)
Existential Therapy	626	(1)
Person-Centered Therapy	626	(1)
Gestalt Therapy	627	(1)
Behavior Therapy	627	(1)
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy	628	(1)
Cognitive Therapy	628	(1)
Reality Therapy	629	(1)
Feminist Therapy	629	(1)
Family Systems Therapy	630	(1)
Constructivist Theories	630	(1)
Integrative Therapies	631	(1)
Conclusion	631	(2)
References	633	(2)
Glossary	635	(26)
Appendix: InfoTrac® College Edition Key Terms	661	(6)
Notes	667	(16)
Name Index	683	(14)
Subject Index	697