Theory of Colloid And Interfacial Electric Phenomena

by Ohshima

• ISBN13: 9780123706423
• ISBN10: 0123706424
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-10-19
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Theory of Colloid and Interfacial Electric Phenomena is written for scientists, engineers, and graduate students who want to study the fundamentals and current developments in colloid and interfacial electric phenomena, and their relation to stability of suspensions of colloidal particles and nanoparticles in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The primary purpose of this book is to help understand how the knowledge on the structure of electrical double layers, double layer interactions, and electrophoresis of charged particles will be important to understand various interfacial electric phenomena and to improves the reader's skill and save time in the study of interfacial electric phenomena. Also providing theoretical background and interpretation of electrokinetic phenomena and many approximate analytic formulas describing various colloid and interfacial electric phenomena, which will be useful and helpful to understand these phenomena analyse experimental data. * showing the fundamentals and developments in the field * first book to describe electrokinetics of soft particles * providing theoretical background and interpretation of electrokinetic phenomena

Table of Contents

Preface	v
List of Symbols	vii
Part I: Electrical Double layer
Chapter 1. Electrical double layer around a charged colloidal particle in an electrolyte solution	1	(38)
1. Introduction	1	(1)
2. The Poisson-Boltzmann Equation	1	(4)
3. Potential distribution and relationship between surface potential and surface charge Density for a solid particle	5	(34)
3.1. Plate-like particle	5	(10)
3.1.1. Low potential	6	(1)
3.1.2. Arbitrary potential	7	(4)
3.1.3. Asymmetrical electrolyte	11	(3)
3.1.4. General electrolytes	14	(1)
3.2. Spherical particle	15	(11)
3.2.1. Low potential	16	(2)
3.2.2. Surface potential/surface charge relationship: Arbitrary potential	18	(6)
3.2.3. Potential distribution around a sphere: Arbitrary potential	24	(2)
3.3. Cylindrical particle	26	(4)
3.3.1. Low potential	27	(1)
3.3.2. Arbitrary potential	28	(2)
3.4. Other examples	30	(9)
3.4.1. Nearly spherical spheroidal particle	31	(3)
3.4.2. Potential distribution around a plate with a sigmoidal gradient in surface charge density	34	(5)
Chapter 2. Potential distribution around a soft particle	39	(17)
1. Introduction	39	(1)
2. Plate-like soft particle	39	(13)
2.1. The Poisson-Boltzmann equation	39	(3)
2.2. Potential distribution across a surface charge layer	42	(5)
2.3. Thick surface charge layer and Donnan potential	47	(2)
2.4. Transition between Donnan potential and surface potential	49	(2)
2.5. pH dependence of the fixed charge	51	(1)
3. Effect of surface curvature	52	(4)
3.1. Spherical soft particle	52	(2)
3.2. Cylindrical soft particle	54	(2)
Part II: Electrokinetic Phenomena
Chapter 3. Electrophoretic mobility of rigid colloidal particles	56	(55)
1. Introduction	56	(1)
2. Hückel's equation	57	(2)
3. Smoluchowski's equation	59	(3)
4. General theory of electrophoretic mobility	62	(15)
4.1. Equations for liquid and ionic flows	63	(3)
4.2. Boundary conditions	66	(1)
4.3. Linearized equations	67	(3)
4.4. Equation for h(r), i and Y(r)	70	(5)
4.5. Integration of equation for h(r), i(r), and Y(r)	75	(1)
4.6. General mobility expression	76	(1)
5. Limiting case of Ka->infinity (Smoluchowski's limit)	77	(1)
6. Limiting case of Ka->0(Hiickel's limit)	78	(2)
7. Henry's equation: low-ζ approximation	80	(7)
7.1. Spherical particle	80	(4)
7.2. Cylindrical particle	84	(3)
8. Relaxation effect	87	(20)
8.1. Large Ka approximation	89	(8)
8.2. Approximate mobility expression correct to order 1/Ka	97	(4)
8.3. Mobility expression correct to order ζ³	101	(6)
9. Range of validity of various approximate mobility expressions for a sphere	107	(4)
Chapter 4. Electrophoretic mobility of colloidal particles in concentrated suspensions	111	(12)
1. Introduction	111	(1)
2. Basic equations	111	(6)
3. General expression for electrophoretic mobility	117	(1)
4. Low-ζ-approximation	118	(5)
Chapter 5. Electrical conductivity of a colloidal suspension	123	(14)
1. Introduction	123	(1)
2. Fundamental equations	123	(2)
3. Electrical conductivity	125	(3)
4. Low-ζ-approximation	128	(3)
5. Large-Ka approximation	131	(2)
6. Surface conductivity	133	(1)
7. Concentrated suspension	134	(3)
Chapter 6. Sedimentation velocity and potential	137	(13)
1. Introduction	137	(1)
2. Basic equations	137	(5)
3. General expressions for sedimentation velocity and potential	142	(3)
3.1. Sedimentation velocity	142	(1)
3.2. Sedimentation velocity and field	143	(2)
4. Analytic approximations	145	(2)
4.1. Low-ζapproximation	145	(2)
4.2. Large Ka approximation	147	(1)
5. Sedimentation velocity and field in a concentrated suspension	147	(1)
6. Diffusion coefficient of charged particle in an electrolyte solution	148	(2)
Chapter 7. Dynamic electrophoresis	150	(32)
1. Introduction	150	(1)
2. Basic Equations	150	(8)
3. General expression for the dynamic electrophoretic mobility of a spherical particle	158	(1)
4. Approximate analytic expressions of the dynamic elecrophoretic mobility of a spherical particle	159	(13)
4.1. Large - Ka approximation	159	(1)
4.2. Low-ζapproximation for a spherical particle	160	(4)
4.3. Approximation for large and moderate Ka at arbitrary ζ	164	(8)
5. Dynamic electrophoretic mobility of concentrated spherical particles	172	(4)
6. Dynamic electrophoretic mobility of a cylindrical particle	176	(6)
6.1. A cylinder in a transverse field	176	(2)
6.2. A cylinder in a tangential field	178	(1)
6.3. Low-ζapproximation	179	(3)
Chapter 8. Electrokinetic phenomena in a suspension of liquid drops	182	(21)
1. Introduction	182	(1)
2. Basic equations	182	(6)
3. General expressions for electrophoretic mobility, conductivity, and Sedimentation velocity and Field	188	(1)
3.1. Electrophoretic mobility	188	(1)
3.2. Conductivity	188	(1)
3.3. Sedimentation velocity	189	(1)
3.4. Sedimentation field	189	(1)
4. Analytical approximations	189	(10)
4.1. Low-ζapproximations	191	(5)
4.1.1. Electrophoretic mobility	192	(2)
4.1.2. Electrical conductivity	194	(1)
4.1.3. Sedimentation velocity	195	(1)
4.1.4. Sedimentation field	196	(1)
4.2. Large-Ka approximations	196	(3)
4.2.1. Electrophoretic mobility	196	(2)
4.2.2. Electrical conductivity	198	(1)
4.2.3. Sedimentation velocity	198	(1)
4.2.4. Sedimentation field	198	(1)
5. Concentrated suspensions	199	(4)
5.1. Electrophoretic mobility	199	(2)
5.2. Electrical conductivity	201	(1)
5.3. Sedimentation velocity	202	(1)
5.4. Sedimentation field	202	(1)
Chapter 9. Electrokinetic phenomena in a suspension of soft particles	203	(37)
1. Introduction	203	(1)
2. Basic electrokinetic equations for spherical soft particles	203	(7)
3. General mobility expression for a spherical soft particle	210	(1)
4. Analytic approximations for the electrophoretic mobility of spherical soft particles	211	(13)
4.1. Large spherical soft particles	211	(8)
4.2. Weakly charged spherical soft particles	219	(5)
5. Cylindrical soft particles	224	(3)
6. Uncharged-polymer coated particles	227	(4)
6.1. Plate-like particles	227	(2)
6.2. Spherical particles	229	(1)
6.3. Cylindrical particles	230	(1)
7. Effect of polymer segment distribution	231	(5)
8. Other electrokinetics of soft particles	236	(4)
Chapter 10. Colloid vibration potential and ion vibration potential in a dilute suspension of spherical colloidal particles	240	(26)
1. Introduction	240	(2)
2. Fundamental equations	242	(10)
3. Colloid Vibration Velocity	252	(1)
4. Macroscopic Electric Field: IVP and CVP	253	(4)
5. Low-ζApproximations	257	(9)
Chapter 11. Primary electroviscous effect	266	(17)
1. Introduction	266	(1)
2. Primary electroviscous effect for a suspension of rigid spheres	267	(9)
2.1. Basic equations	267	(4)
2.2. The primary electroviscous coefficient p	271	(3)
2.3. Low-ζ-approximations	274	(1)
2.4. Large-Ka approximations	275	(1)
3. Primary electroviscous effect for a suspension of charged liquid drops	276	(2)
3.1. Low- Capproximation	276	(1)
3.2. Large- Ka approximation	277	(1)
4. Comparison between rigid spheres and mercury drops	278	(5)
Chapter 12. Poisson-Boltzmann equation and electrokinetics for a spherical colloidal particle in a salt-free medium	283	(18)
1. Introduction	283	(1)
2. Poisson-Boltzmann equation in a salt-free medium	284	(9)
2.1. Low-charge case	286	(3)
2.2. High-charge case: Counterion condensation effect	289	(3)
2.3. Comparison with exact numerical results	292	(1)
3. Electrophoretic Mobility of a Spherical Colloidal Particle in a Salt-free Medium	293	(2)
4. Approximate expressions for electrophoretic mobility	295	(3)
5. Electrophoresis of liquid drops and soft particles in salt-free media	298	(3)
Part III: Double layer interaction of colloidal particles
Chapter 13. Helmholtz free energy and tension of an interface between a charged colloidal particle and an electrolyte solution	301	(14)
1. Introduction	301	(1)
2. Helmholtz free energy and tension	301	(9)
2.1. Charged surface with ion adsorption	301	(6)
2.1.1. Case of Sc = 0	302	(2)
2.1.2. Langymuir-type adsorption	304	(3)
2.2. Charged surface with dissociable groups	307	(3)
3. Calculation of the free energy of the electrical double layer	310	(5)
Chapter 14. General expressions for the force and potential energy of the double layer interaction between two charged colloidal particles and analytic approximations for the interaction between two parallel plates	315	(49)
1. Introduction	315	(1)
2. Forces acting on a single particle and overlapping of the electrical double layers of two particles	316	(2)
2.1. Excess osmotic pressure and Maxwell's stress	316	(1)
2.2. Overlapping of the electrical double layers	317	(1)
3. Free energy of double layer interaction	318	(3)
3.1. Interaction at constant surface charge density	318	(1)
3.2. Interaction at constants surface potential	319	(2)
3.3. Alternative expression for the electric part of the free energy of double layer interaction	321	(1)
4. Interaction between two parallel SIMILAR plates	321	(43)
4.1. Force of the double layer interaction	321	(6)
4.2. Potential energy of double layer interaction	327	(3)
4.3. Interaction between two similar plates: low potential case	330	(7)
4.3.1. Interaction at constant surface potential	331	(2)
4.3.2. Interaction at constant surface charge density	333	(4)
4.4. Interaction between two dissimilar plates: low potential case	337	(8)
4.4.1. Interaction at constant surface potential	338	(3)
4.4.2. Interaction at constant surface charge density	341	(2)
4.4.3. Interaction energy	343	(2)
4.5. Moderate potentials	345	(6)
4.6. Linear superposition approximation	351	(6)
4.7. Alternative method of linearization of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation	357	(7)
Chapter 15. Double layer interaction between two spheres	364	(26)
1. Introduction	364	(1)
2. Derjaguin's approximation	364	(8)
2.1. Interaction between two similar spheres: low potential case	366	(2)
2.2. Moderate potentials: Correction to the sixth power of surface potentials in HHF formula	368	(2)
2.3. Arbitrary potentials: Derjaguin's approximation combined with the linear superposition approximation	370	(2)
3. Linear superposition approximation for sphere-sphere interaction applicable for large separations	372	(5)
4. Interaction at small separations	377	(6)
5. Curvature correction to Derjaguin's formula and HHF formula	383	(7)
Chapter 16. Double layer interaction between soft particles	390	(19)
1. Introduction	390	(1)
2. Interaction between two parallel semi-infinite soft plates	391	(4)
3. Interaction between two parallel soft plates: arbitrary potentials	395	(4)
4. Interaction between two soft spheres	399	(7)
5. Interaction between two parallel soft cylinders	406	(3)
Chapter 17. Exact solution of the linearized spherical Poisson-Boltzmann equation	409	(30)
1. Introduction	409	(1)
2. Interaction between a Soft sphere and a hard plate	409	(7)
3. Interaction between a soft sphere and a hard sphere	416	(7)
4. Electrostatic Interaction between Two Hard Spheres	423	(11)
5. Interaction between a hard Sphere and a hard plate: Generalization of Point-Charge/Surface Image Interaction to Particle/Surface Image Interaction	434	(5)
Chapter 18. Double layer interaction between cylinders	439	(10)
1. Introduction	439	(1)
2. Linear superposition approximation for cylinder-cylinder interaction	439	(2)
3. Exact solution to the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation for two interacting parallel cylinders	441	(4)
4. Interaction between a cylinder and a plate	445	(4)
Part IV: Other electric phenomena
Chapter 19. Self-atmosphere potential of electrolyte ions and surface tension of electrolyte solutions	449	(16)
1. Introduction	449	(1)
2. Self-atmosphere potential of an ion near the planar surface	449	(6)
3. Surface tension of an electrolyte solution	455	(10)
3.1. Theory of Onsager and Samaras	455	(2)
3.2. Ion-free layer at the air/electrolyte solution interface	457	(8)
Index	465