Acknowledgments | p. xiii |
To the Student: An Introduction to Theory into Practice | p. xv |
The Relationship of Reading and Writing | p. 1 |
Reading and Writing in College | p. 1 |
Engaging the Text | p. 2 |
Adding Marginal Notations | p. 3 |
Keeping a Reading Log | p. 3 |
Using Heuristics | p. 5 |
Shaping a Response | p. 5 |
Determining a Purpose and Understanding Forms of Response | p. 6 |
Answering Essay Questions | p. 6 |
Writing Research Papers | p. 7 |
Knowing Your Audience | p. 8 |
Choosing a Voice | p. 8 |
Helping the Process | p. 9 |
Collaboration | p. 10 |
Reference Materials | p. 11 |
Summing up | p. 12 |
Suggested Reading | p. 12 |
Familiar Approaches | p. 14 |
Conventional Ways of Reading Literature | p. 14 |
A Social Perspective | p. 14 |
The Effects of Genre | p. 19 |
Conventional Ways of Writing about Literature | p. 23 |
Explication | p. 23 |
Analysis | p. 24 |
Comparison and Contrast | p. 24 |
Study of a Single Author's Works | p. 25 |
Summing up | p. 25 |
Glossary of Terms Useful in Conventional Criticism | p. 25 |
Suggested Reading and Resources | p. 26 |
Model Student Analyses | p. 26 |
"Between Gloom and Splendor: A Historical Analysis of Hawthorne's 'Young Goodman Brown'" | p. 26 |
Formalism | p. 33 |
Historical Background | p. 33 |
Russian Formalism | p. 35 |
Reading as a Formalist | p. 36 |
Form | p. 36 |
Diction | p. 38 |
Unity | p. 40 |
What Doesn't Appear in Formalist Criticism | p. 42 |
Paraphrase | p. 42 |
Intention | p. 42 |
Biography | p. 42 |
Affect | p. 42 |
Writing a Formalist Analysis | p. 43 |
Prewriting | p. 43 |
Drafting and Revising | p. 43 |
The Introduction | p. 43 |
The Body | p. 44 |
The Conclusion | p. 44 |
Glossary of Terms Useful in Formalist Criticism | p. 45 |
Suggested Reading | p. 46 |
Model Student Analysis | p. 46 |
"Robinson's 'Richard Cory': A Formalistic Interpretation" | p. 46 |
Psychological Criticism | p. 49 |
Historical Background | p. 49 |
Practicing Psychological Criticism | p. 50 |
Freudian Principles | p. 51 |
The Unconscious | p. 52 |
The Tripartite Psyche | p. 53 |
The Significance of Sexuality | p. 54 |
The Importance of Dreams | p. 55 |
Symbols | p. 56 |
Creativity | p. 57 |
Summing up | p. 57 |
Carl Jung and Mythological Criticism | p. 58 |
Characters | p. 60 |
Images | p. 61 |
Situations | p. 62 |
Northrop Frye and Mythological Criticism | p. 63 |
Jacques Lacan: An Update on Freud | p. 63 |
Character Analysis | p. 65 |
Antirealism | p. 67 |
Jouissance | p. 67 |
Writing Psychological Criticism | p. 67 |
Prewriting | p. 67 |
Drafting and Revising | p. 69 |
The Introduction | p. 69 |
The Body | p. 69 |
The Conclusion | p. 71 |
Glossary of Terms Useful in Psychological Criticism | p. 71 |
Suggested Reading | p. 72 |
Model Student Analyses | p. 73 |
"Water, Sun, Moon, Stars, Heroic Spirit, in Tennyson's 'Ulysses': A Mythological Analysis" | p. 73 |
"Mama Mary and Mother Medusa: A Magic Carpet Ride Through James's Psychical Landscape in Ernest Gaines's 'The Sky Is Gray'" | p. 75 |
Marxist Criticism | p. 86 |
Historical Background | p. 86 |
Reading from a Marxist Perspective | p. 88 |
Economic Power | p. 89 |
Materialism versus Spirituality | p. 91 |
Class Conflict | p. 92 |
Art, Literature, and Ideologies | p. 93 |
Writing a Marxist Analysis | p. 96 |
Prewriting | p. 97 |
Drafting and Revising | p. 97 |
The Introduction | p. 97 |
The Body | p. 98 |
The Conclusion | p. 98 |
Glossary of Terms Useful in Marxist Criticism | p. 99 |
Suggested Reading | p. 100 |
Model Student Analysis | p. 100 |
"Silence, Violence, and Southern Agrarian Class Conflict in William Faulkner's 'Barn Burning'" | p. 100 |
Feminist Criticism | p. 104 |
Historical Background | p. 105 |
Feminism | p. 105 |
Queer Theory | p. 111 |
Reading as a Feminist | p. 114 |
Studies of Difference | p. 114 |
Studies of Power | p. 116 |
Studies of the Female Experience | p. 119 |
Writing Feminist Criticism | p. 120 |
Prewriting | p. 121 |
Drafting and Revising | p. 122 |
The Introduction | p. 122 |
The Body | p. 122 |
The Conclusion | p. 124 |
Glossary of Terms Useful in Feminist Criticism | p. 124 |
Suggested Reading | p. 125 |
Model Student Analysis | p. 126 |
"The Road from Mother: A Daughter's Struggle" | p. 126 |
Reader-Response Criticism | p. 131 |
Historical Background | p. 131 |
Making a Reader's Response | p. 134 |
Getting Started | p. 134 |
Interacting with the Text | p. 134 |
The Text Acts on the Reader | p. 135 |
The Reader Acts on the Text | p. 137 |
The Transactional Model | p. 138 |
Writing a Reader-Response Analysis | p. 140 |
Prewriting | p. 140 |
Drafting and Revising | p. 141 |
The Introduction | p. 141 |
The Body | p. 142 |
The Conclusion | p. 142 |
Glossary of Terms Useful in Reader-Response Criticism | p. 143 |
Suggested Reading | p. 143 |
Model Student Analysis | p. 144 |
"Discovering the Way the World Works: A Reader-Response Analysis of James Joyce's 'Araby'" | p. 144 |
Deconstruction | p. 150 |
Historical Background | p. 150 |
Practicing Deconstruction | p. 156 |
Making a Deconstructive Analysis | p. 160 |
Writing a Deconstructive Analysis | p. 165 |
Prewriting | p. 165 |
Drafting and Revising | p. 167 |
The Introduction | p. 167 |
The Body | p. 167 |
The Conclusion | p. 168 |
Glossary of Terms Useful in Understanding Deconstruction | p. 168 |
Suggested Reading | p. 169 |
Model Student Analysis | p. 170 |
"The Blame Game" | p. 170 |
Cultural Studies: New Historicism | p. 173 |
An Overview of Cultural Studies | p. 173 |
Assumptions, Principles, and Goals of New Historicism | p. 175 |
Traditional Historicism | p. 175 |
New Historicism | p. 176 |
New Literary Historicism | p. 178 |
Historical Background | p. 181 |
Reading as a New Historicist | p. 184 |
The World of the Author and the Text | p. 185 |
Discourses in the Text | p. 188 |
Intentions and Reception | p. 189 |
Writing a New Historicist Literary Analysis | p. 190 |
Prewriting | p. 191 |
Drafting and Revising | p. 191 |
The Introduction | p. 191 |
The Body | p. 192 |
The Conclusion | p. 194 |
Glossary of Terms Useful in New Historicist Criticism | p. 194 |
Suggested Reading | p. 195 |
Model Student Analysis | p. 196 |
"'You Have Been Warned': New History Telling in Nadine Gordimer's 'Once upon a Time'" | p. 196 |
More Cultural Studies: Postcolonialism and Multiculturalism | p. 205 |
Postcolonialism | p. 205 |
Historical Background | p. 206 |
Basic Assumptions | p. 209 |
Reading as a Postcolonialist | p. 210 |
Presentation of Colonialism | p. 210 |
Treatment of Characters | p. 211 |
Validity of the Narrative | p. 212 |
Expressions of Nativism (Nationalism) | p. 212 |
Recurring Subjects and Themes | p. 213 |
Context | p. 214 |
Minor Characters | p. 215 |
Political Statement and Innuendo | p. 215 |
Similarities | p. 216 |
Glossary of Terms Useful in Postcolonial Studies | p. 216 |
American Multiculturalism | p. 217 |
African American Literature | p. 218 |
Reading as a Multiculturalist | p. 220 |
Narrative Forms | p. 221 |
Diction | p. 223 |
Style | p. 224 |
Writing a Cultural Studies Analysis | p. 226 |
Glossary of Terms Useful in American Multiculturalism | p. 227 |
Suggested Reading | p. 227 |
Model Student Analyses | p. 228 |
"Victims Already: Violence and Threat in Nadine Gordimer's 'Once upon a Time'" | p. 228 |
"Langston Hughes and the Dream of America" | p. 233 |
Literary Selections | p. 239 |
Letters of Abigail and John Adams | p. 239 |
Jill Ker Conway excerpt from The Road from Coorain | p. 242 |
Featured in Chapter 6 | p. 126 |
William Faulkner "Barn Burning" | p. 253 |
Featured in Chapter 5 | p. 100 |
Robert Frost "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" | p. 265 |
Ernest J. Gaines "The Sky Is Gray" | p. 266 |
Featured in Chapter 4 | p. 75 |
Nadine Gordimer "Once upon a Time" | p. 287 |
Featured in Chapter 9 | p. 196 |
Featured in Chapter 10 | p. 228 |
Nathaniel Hawthorne "Young Goodman Brown" | p. 291 |
Featured in Chapter 2 | p. 26 |
Langston Hughes "I, Too" | p. 300 |
Featured in Chapter 10 | p. 233 |
Langston Hughes "Theme for English B" | p. 301 |
Featured in Chapter 10 | p. 233 |
Zora Neale Hurston excerpt from The Eatonville Anthology | p. 302 |
James Joyce "Araby" | p. 311 |
Featured in Chapter 7 | p. 144 |
Guy de Maupassant "The Diamond Necklace" | p. 315 |
Featured in Chapter 8 | p. 170 |
Edgar Allan Poe "The Masque of the Red Death" | p. 321 |
Edwin Arlington Robinson "Richard Cory" | p. 325 |
Featured in Chapter 3 | p. 46 |
Alfred, Lord Tennyson "Ulysses" | p. 326 |
Information at a Glance | p. 329 |
Index | p. 333 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.