Therapeutic Communication : Developing Professional Skills

by Herschel Knapp

• ISBN13: 9781412937740
• ISBN10: 1412937744
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-02-13
• Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc

Summary

Written in a clear and concise style, this jargon-free text provides student clinicians with the practice principles and fundamental communication skills used to facilitate effective therapeutic communication with clients. Organized into discrete sections to highlight one skill at a time, each chapter follows a unified format including an overview of the skill (e.g., empathy, reflection, validation, etc.); rationale for use; exemplary dialogue between therapist and client demonstrating actual usage of the skill; tutorial commentary embedded in the dialogue example; dialogue debriefing; and suggestions for variations. Key Features:   Delineates the multidimensional differences between social relationships and the realm of the professional clinician: Students are given direction in terms of applying standards such as boundaries, ethics, regulating self disclosure, legal aspects, and client self determination. Offers dialogue boxes and role play exercises: These resources illustrate the multiple uses of each skill and allow students to practice the skill sets presented. Discusses the process of balancing objectivity and empathy: Emotional dynamics are discussed along with transference, countertransference, self awareness, and termination. Provides a transcription of three 50-minute sessions: These transcripts demonstrate the essentials of clinical skill integration, short-term therapy, and termination. Intended Audience:   This supplemental text is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate clinical skills courses across the human services in the fields of Counseling, Social Work, Psychology, and Nursing. It is also an excellent resource for any professional dealing with clients in a clinical fashion.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Guidelines for Implementing Role-Play Exercises	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
Defining the Therapeutic Relationship	p. 1
Therapeutic Figures	p. 1
The Therapeutic Process	p. 2
Selection	p. 2
Initial Contact	p. 3
Termination	p. 3
Time	p. 3
Goal	p. 4
Topic of Conversation	p. 6
Advice	p. 7
Perspective	p. 8
Social/Emotional Factors	p. 9
Emotional Involvement	p. 9
Objectivity	p. 9
Rescind Your Ego	p. 10
Personal Contact	p. 11
Involvement	p. 12
Professionalism	p. 13
Legal	p. 13
Confidentiality	p. 14
Scope of Practice	p. 15
Boundaries	p. 15
Time Commitment/Responsibility	p. 17
Respect	p. 17
Nonjudgmental Attitude	p. 18
Positive Regard	p. 19
Self-Disclosure	p. 20
Advantages of Self-Disclosure	p. 21
Disadvantages of Self-Disclosure	p. 21
Self-Disclosures Should Be Honest	p. 24
Self-Disclosure Guidelines	p. 25
Role-Play Exercises
Don't Mention It: Practice Principles: Respect, Legal, Confidentiality	p. 27
Unpleasant Dreams: Practice Principles: Scope of Practice, Nonjudgmental Attitude, Positive Regard	p. 28
My Therapist, My Friend?: Practice Principles: Personal Contact, Boundaries, Self-Disclosure	p. 29
Digital Dilemma: Practice Principles: Advice, Confidentiality, Involvement	p. 30
A Lot of Class: Practice Principles: Goal, Topic of Conversation, Rescind Your Ego	p. 31
Getting Started	p. 32
Preappointment Review	p. 32
Facilitating a Conducive Environment	p. 33
Rapport	p. 33
Fostering Sensitive Disclosure	p. 35
Initial Contact	p. 40
Introduction and Ground Rules	p. 40
Presenting Problem	p. 41
Coping With Silence	p. 42
Start Where the Client Is	p. 44
Respect the Client's Boundaries	p. 46
Matching	p. 48
Vocal Features	p. 49
Underlying Problem	p. 51
Role-Play Exercises
Uniquely Blaine: Practice Skills: Rapport, Presenting Problem, Start Where the Client Is	p. 54
The Silence of the Client: Practice Skills: Fostering Sensitive Self-Disclosure, Coping With Silence, Vocal Features	p. 55
Teen Tension: Practice Skills: Respect the Client's Boundaries, Matching, Underlying Problem	p. 56
Insincerely Yours: Practice Skills: Coping With Silence, Matching, Introduction and Ground Rules	p. 57
Loss or Gain?: Practice Skills: Presenting Problem, Respect the Client's Boundaries, Underlying Problem	p. 58
Following	p. 59
Listening	p. 59
Attending	p. 60
Observational Cues	p. 60
Nonverbal Attending	p. 63
Brief Verbals	p. 65
Pausing	p. 66
Verifying Perception	p. 70
Reflection/Paraphrasing	p. 70
Reverse Reflection	p. 72
Summarizing	p. 75
Clarification	p. 77
Role-Play Exercises
Car Crash Conundrum: Practice Skills: Nonverbal Attending, Summarizing, Clarification	p. 82
A Lot to Kerry: Practice Skills: Observational Cues, Brief Verbals, Reflection/Paraphrasing (Content and Feelings)	p. 83
Family Funeral: Practice Skills: Pausing, Reverse Reflection, Clarification	p. 84
Riley to the Rescue: Practice Skills: Summarizing, Nonverbal Attending, Reverse Reflection	p. 85
Lay Off: Practice Skills: Brief Verbals, Observational Cues, Reflection/Paraphrasing (Content and Feelings)	p. 86
Emotional Communication	p. 87
Emotional Language	p. 87
Positive Feelings	p. 88
Negative Feelings	p. 88
Emotional Communication	p. 90
Empathy	p. 91
Validation	p. 95
Normalizing	p. 96
Self-Awareness	p. 98
Recognizing Your Perspective	p. 98
Monitoring Your Feelings	p. 99
Managing Countertransference	p. 99
Coping With Prejudices	p. 100
Role-Play Exercises
The Barking Lot: Practice Skills: Empathy, Validation, Normalizing	p. 101
Back to the Books: Practice Skills: Empathy, Validation, Normalizing	p. 102
How Sweet It Isn't: Practice Skills: Empathy, Validation, Normalizing	p. 103
Up in Smoke: Practice Skills: Empathy, Validation, Normalizing	p. 104
Business or Pleasure?: Practice Skills: Empathy, Validation, Normalizing	p. 105
Leading	p. 106
Gathering Details	p. 106
Furthering	p. 106
Prompting	p. 108
Open-Ended Requests	p. 109
Questioning	p. 110
Ask One Question at a Time	p. 111
Buffering	p. 113
Re-asking a Question	p. 114
Close-Ended and Open-Ended Questions	p. 116
Avoid Asking Accusatory Questions	p. 118
Avoid Asking "Why?" Questions	p. 119
Avoid Asking Multiple-Choice Questions	p. 120
Avoid Asking Biased Questions	p. 121
Directing	p. 122
Returning	p. 122
Resuming	p. 123
Redirecting	p. 125
Specificity	p. 127
Focusing	p. 128
Proposing Alternative Perspectives	p. 130
Reframing	p. 130
Interpreting	p. 132
Generalizing	p. 133
Identifying and Resolving Discrepancies	p. 137
Challenging	p. 137
Confronting	p. 139
Educating	p. 142
Informing	p. 142
Advising	p. 144
Role-Play Exercises
Resume the Resume: Practice Skills: Open-Ended Requests, Re-asking a Question, Reframing	p. 149
Never on a Monday: Practice Skills: Resuming, Specificity, Challenging	p. 150
Day of the Condo: Practice Skills: Close-Ended Questions, Open-Ended Questions, Returning	p. 151
Aunt Trap: Practice Skills: Furthering, Informing, Advising	p. 152
Pat's Pile o' Problems: Practice Skills: Focusing, Redirecting, Prompting	p. 154
Video Interview Self-Critique Exercise	p. 156
Overview	p. 156
Setup	p. 156
Role-Play Partner	p. 156
Staging	p. 156
Implementation	p. 157
Role-Play	p. 157
Debriefing	p. 158
Self-Evaluation Guidelines	p. 158
Characteristics of the Client	p. 158
Goals of the Interview	p. 158
Skills Used	p. 159
Overall Impression of the Interview	p. 159
Overview of Appendixes A, B, and C	p. 160
Skill Integration	p. 160
Short-Term Therapy	p. 160
Termination	p. 161
Session With Dusty-Week 1: Initial Session	p. 162
Session With Dusty-Week 5: Midtherapy	p. 192
Session With Dusty-Week 10: Termination	p. 222
Ethical Standards of Human Service Professionals National Organization for Human Services Council for Standards in Human Service Education	p. 246
Preamble	p. 246
Standards for Human Service Professionals	p. 247
The Human Service Professional's: Responsibility to Clients	p. 247
The Human Service Professional's: Responsibility to the Community and Society	p. 248
The Human Service Professional's: Responsibility to Colleagues	p. 249
The Human Service Professional's: Responsibility to the Profession	p. 250
The Human Service Professional's: Responsibility to Employers	p. 250
The Human Service Professional's: Responsibility to Self	p. 251
Standards for Human Service Educators	p. 251
Glossary	p. 254
References	p. 265
Index	p. 271
About the Author	p. 285
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