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Therapeutic Modalities book cover, ISBN 9780803603547

Therapeutic Modalities

by Starkey, Chad

ISBN13: 9780803603547
ISBN10: 0803603541
Additional ISBN(s): 9780803611399
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Copyright: 1998-09-01
Publisher: F a Davis Co
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Summary

This trend-setting book has been thoroughly updated to reflect the evolving needs of athletic trainers, while keeping the unifying theme of the injury response cycle that contributed to the success of the 1st edition. Key Features -- Lively writing style enhances comprehension -- Written in a sequential learning style; each chapter begins with the basics and progresses to higher levels of information -- Each important term is clearly defined in context and in a footnote at its first use -- End-of-chapter quizzes test the student's understanding of the material

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 The Injury Response Process

1

(35)

Stresses Placed on the Cell

2

(2)

The General Adaptation Syndrome

2

(1)

The General Adaptation Syndrome and Its Relationship to Trauma

3

(1)

Types of Tissues Found in the Body

4

(6)

Epithelial Tissues

4

(1)

Adipose Tissue

5

(1)

Connective Tissue

6

(1)

Muscular Tissues

7

(1)

Nervous Tissues

7

(3)

The Injury Process

10

(16)

Acute Inflammatory Response

13

(2)

Hemorrhage

15

(1)

Edema

16

(6)

Hypoxia

22

(1)

Muscle Spasm

22

(1)

Atrophy

22

(2)

Blood Clotting

24

(2)

Proliferation Phase

26

(3)

Maturation Phase

29

(1)

Chronic Inflammation

30

(1)

The Role of Therapeutic Modalities

30

(1)

Summary

30

(2)

Chapter Quiz

32

(2)

References

34

(2)

CHAPTER 2 The Physiology and Psychology of Pain

36

(32)

The Pain Process

37

(11)

Modulation of Pain

38

(10)

Review of the Process of Pain Transmission

48

(1)

Pain Theory: Historical Perspectives

48

(3)

Specificity Theory of Pain Modulation

49

(1)

Pattern Theory of Pain Modulation

50

(1)

Contemporary Pain Control Theories

51

(5)

Gate Control Theory of Pain Modulation

51

(2)

Levels Theory of Pain Control

53

(3)

Assessment of Pain

56

(3)

Visual Analogue Scale

56

(1)

McGill Pain Questionnaire

57

(1)

Submaximal Effort Tourniquet Test

57

(2)

Placebo Effect

59

(1)

Referred Pain

59

(3)

Chronic Pain

62

(1)

Pain Management Techniques

62

(1)

Summary

63

(1)

Chapter Quiz

64

(1)

References

65

(3)

CHAPTER 3 Development and Delivery of Treatment Protocol

68

(42)

The Problem-Solving Approach

69

(24)

Recognition of the Problems

72

(6)

Prioritization of the Problems

78

(2)

Goal Setting

80

(5)

Treatment Planning

85

(8)

Workplace Influences

93

(1)

Documentation

94

(2)

Legal Considerations in Patient Care

96

(3)

Scope of Practice

97

(1)

Informed Consent

97

(1)

Negligence

97

(2)

Summary

99

(10)

References

109

(1)

CHAPTER 4 Thermal Agents

110

(60)

Cold Modalities

110

(11)

Effects on the Injury Response Process

113

(4)

Sensations Associated with Cold Application

117

(1)

Frostbite

117

(1)

Effects of Immediate Treatment

118

(2)

Cryokinetics

120

(1)

Heat Modalities

121

(5)

Effects on the Injury Response Process

124

(1)

Dissipation of Heat in the Treatment Area

125

(1)

Contrast and Comparison of Heat and Cold Application

126

(3)

Use of Heat versus Cold

127

(2)

Summary

129

(1)

Clinical Application of Thermal Modalities

129

(35)

Cold Packs

129

(5)

Ice Massage

134

(2)

Ice Immersion

136

(4)

Cryostretch

140

(2)

Whirlpools

142

(6)

Contrast Baths

148

(1)

Moist Heat Packs

149

(2)

Paraffin Bath

151

(3)

Infrared Lamp

154

(1)

Shortwave Diathermy

155

(9)

Chapter Quiz

164

(2)

References

166

(4)

CHAPTER 5 Electrical Agents

170

(99)

Fundamentals of Electricity

172

(1)

Electrical Stimulating Currents

172

(12)

Direct Currents

172

(1)

Alternating Currents

173

(2)

Pulsed Currents

175

(3)

Pulse Attributes

178

(6)

Measures of Electrical Current Flow

184

(4)

Electrical Charge

184

(1)

Voltage

184

(2)

Current

186

(1)

Resistance

186

(1)

Impedance

186

(2)

Wattage

188

(1)

Circuit Types

188

(3)

Series Circuit

188

(2)

Parallel Circuit

190

(1)

Characteristics of Electrical Generators

191

(2)

Current Attributes

191

(2)

The Body Circuit

193

(12)

Electrodes

194

(2)

Electrode Placement

196

(4)

Movement of Electrical Currents Through the Body

200

(2)

Selective Stimulation of Nerves

202

(1)

Central and Peripheral Nervous System Interference

203

(2)

Electrical Stimulation Goals and Techniques

205

(8)

Muscle Contractions

206

(2)

Strength Augmentation

208

(1)

Pain Control

209

(1)

Wound Healing

210

(1)

Control and Reduction of Edema

211

(1)

Fracture Healing

212

(1)

Summary

213

(1)

Multimodalities

214

(1)

Clinical Application of Electrical Modalities

215

(45)

Basic Guidelines for the Setup and Application of Electrotherapy

215

(1)

High-Voltage Pulsed Stimulation

216

(11)

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

227

(9)

Interferential Stimulation

236

(8)

Neuromuscular Nerve Stimulation

244

(5)

Microcurrent Electrical Stimulation

249

(4)

Iontophoresis

253

(7)

Chapter Quiz

260

(3)

References

263

(6)

CHAPTER 6 Ultrasound

269

(36)

Production of Ultrasound

270

(3)

Transmission of Ultrasound Waves

273

(1)

Longitudinal Waves

273

(1)

Transverse (Shear) Waves

274

(1)

The Ultrasound Wave

274

(6)

Frequency

275

(2)

Power and Intensity

277

(1)

Ultrasound Beam Nonuniformity

278

(2)

Treatment Duration

280

(1)

Dose-Oriented Treatments

280

(1)

Transfer of Ultrasound through the Tissues

280

(2)

Modes of Ultrasound Application

282

(1)

Continuous Output

283

(1)

Pulsed Output

283

(1)

Coupling Agents and Methods

283

(3)

Direct Coupling

284

(1)

Water Immersion

285

(1)

Bladder Method

285

(1)

Biophysical Effects of Ultrasound Application

286

(3)

Nonthermal Effects

287

(1)

Thermal Effects

287

(2)

Effects on the Injury Response Cycle

289

(3)

Blood Flow

289

(1)

Tissue Healing

290

(1)

Tissue Stretching

291

(1)

Pain Control

291

(1)

Phonophoresis

292

(2)

Fracture Healing

294

(2)

Ultrasound and Electrical Stimulation

295

(1)

Clinical Application of Ultrasound

296

(3)

Instrumentation

296

(1)

Setup and Application

297

(1)

Duration and Frequency of Treatment

298

(1)

Precautions

298

(1)

Indications

299

(1)

Contraindications

299

(1)

Summary

299

(1)

Chapter Quiz

300

(2)

References

302

(3)

CHAPTER 7 Mechanical Modalities

305

(41)

Intermittent Compression Units

305

(5)

Effect on the Injury Response Cycle

305

(3)

Clinical Application of Intermittent Compression

308

(2)

Continuous Passive Motion

310

(5)

Effects on the Injury Response Cycle

311

(2)

Clinical Application of Continuous Passive Motion

313

(2)

Biofeedback

315

(6)

Biophysical Processes and Electrical Integration

317

(1)

Effects on the Injury Response Cycle

318

(1)

Clinical Application of Biofeedback

319

(2)

Cervical Traction

321

(8)

Biophysical Effects

323

(2)

Effects on the Injury Response Cycle

325

(1)

Clinical Application of Cervical Traction

326

(3)

Therapeutic Massage

329

(10)

Massage Strokes

329

(4)

Massage Media

333

(1)

Effects on the Injury Response Cycle

334

(3)

Clinical Application of Massage

337

(2)

Summary

339

(1)

Chapter Quiz

340

(2)

References

342

(4)

ANSWERS TO CHAPTER QUIZZES

346

(3)

APPENDIX A Trigger Points and Pain Patterns

349

(3)

APPENDIX B Physical Properties Governing Therapeutic Modalities

352

(6)

APPENDIX C Motor Points

358

(5)

APPENDIX D Medical Shorthand

363

(4)

BOOK GLOSSARY

367

(14)

INDEX

381

Supplemental Materials

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