Thermally and Optically Stimulated Luminescence A Simulation Approach

by Chen, Reuven; Pagonis, Vasilis

• ISBN13: 9780470749272
• ISBN10: 047074927X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-05-23
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

T he emphasis in th e present book will be on results that one can get from simulations, which can add a new dimension to results from theoretical considerations mainly based on simplifying assumptions . Chapter 1 will introduce both techniques. Thermoluminescence, methods for evaluating trapping parameters and additional phenomena of TL will be featured in Chapter s 2 to Chapter 4 . Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) will be discussed in Chapter 5 and the n the next chapters will detail analytical and approximate expressions of dose dependence of TL and OSL and simulations of TL and OSL in dating and dosimetry procedures. Chapters 8 and 9 will detail t he pre-dose (sensitization) effect and s imultaneous measurements. Chapter s 10 to 13 will focus on a pplications in medical physics , r adiophotoluminescence , q uantum-mechanical basis of TL and OSL and the exponential integral. The book will conclude with the appendix and the b ibliography.Reuven Chen
Professor Reuven Chen is a Professor Emeritus at Tel-Aviv University. He has been working on thermoluminescence, optically stimulated luminescence and other related topics in the last 48 years. Professor Chen has published ~170 scientific papers and two books. He has been a Visiting Professor at several universities in the US, Britain, Canada, Australia, Brazil, France and Hong-Kong. At present, he is an Associate Editor of Radiation Measurements and referee for several international journals.

Vasilis Pagonis
Professor Vasilis Pagonis is a Professor of Physics at McDaniel College. His research involves working on modeling properties of dosimetric materials and their applications in luminescence dating and radiation dosimetry. Professor Pagonis has published ~70 scientific papers, as well as the book Numerical and practical exercises in thermoluminescence, published by Springer in 2006. He currently holds the Kopp endowed chair in the physical sciences at McDaniel College.

Table of Contents

About the Authors	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgements	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
The Physical Mechanism of TL and OSL Phenomena	p. 1
Historical Development of TL and OSL Dosimetry	p. 2
Historical Development of Luminescence Models	p. 5
Theoretical Basis of Luminescence Phenomena	p. 7
Energy Bands and Energy Levels in Crystals	p. 7
Trapping Parameters Associated with Impurities in Crystals	p. 9
Capture Rate Constants	p. 10
Thermal Equilibrium	p. 12
Detailed Balance	p. 14
Arrhenius Model	p. 15
Rate Equations in the Theory of Luminescence	p. 18
Radiative Emission and Absorption	p. 19
Mechanisms of Thermal Quenching in Dosimetric Materials	p. 20
A Kinetic Model for the Mott-Seitz Mechanism in Quartz	p. 23
The Thermal Quenching Model for Alumina by Nikiforov et al.	p. 26
Basic Experimental Measurements	p. 29
General Approach to TL and OSL Phenomena	p. 29
Excitation Spectra	p. 32
Emission Spectra	p. 34
Bleaching of TL and OSL	p. 35
Thermoluminescence: The Equations Governing a TL Peak	p. 39
Governing Equations	p. 39
One Trap-One Recombination Center (OTOR) Model	p. 44
General-order Kinetics	p. 45
Mixed-order Kinetics	p. 47
Q and P Functions	p. 51
Localized Transitions	p. 55
Semilocalized Transition (SLT) Models of TL	p. 57
Basic Methods for Evaluating Trapping Parameters	p. 63
The Initial-rise Method	p. 63
Peak-shape Methods	p. 65
Methods of Various Heating Rates	p. 66
Curve Fitting	p. 69
Developing Equations for Evaluating Glow Parameters	p. 71
The Photoionization Cross Section	p. 73
Additional Phenomena Associated with TL	p. 79
Phosphorescence Decay	p. 79
Isothermal Decay of TL Peaks	p. 81
Anomalous Fading and Anomalous Trapping Parameters of TL	p. 82
Competition Between Excitation and Bleaching of TL	p. 94
A Model for Mid-term Fading in TL Dating; Continuum of Traps	p. 100
Photo-transferred Thermoluminescence (PTTL)	p. 109
TL Response of A12O3:C to UV Rumination	p. 116
Dependence of the TL Excitation on Absorption Coefficient	p. 118
TL Versus Impurity Concentration; Concentration Quenching	p. 121
Creation and Stabilization of TL Traps During Irradiation	p. 129
Duplicitous TL Peak due to Release of Electrons and Holes	p. 131
Simulations of the Duplicitous TL Peak	p. 140
Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL)	p. 143
Basic Concepts of OSL	p. 143
Dose Dependence of OSL; Basic Considerations	p. 144
Numerical Results of OSL Dose Dependence	p. 146
Simulation of the Dose-rate Dependence of OSL	p. 148
The Role of Retrapping in the Dose Dependence of POSL	p. 150
Linear-modulation OSL (LM-OSL)	p. 153
Unified Presentation of TL, Phosphorescence and LM-OSL	p. 156
The New Presentation of LM-OSL Within the OTOR Model	p. 158
TL-like Presentation of CW-OSL in the OTOR Model	p. 168
Dependence of Luminescence on Initial Occupancy; OTOR Model	p. 169
TL Expression Within the Unified Presentation	p. 171
Pseudo LM-OSL and OSL Signals under Various Stimulation Modes	p. 173
OSL Decay and Stretched-exponential Behavior	p. 174
Optically Stimulated Exoelectron Emission	p. 180
Simulations of OSL Pulsed Annealing Techniques	p. 186
Analytical and Approximate Expressions of Dose Dependence of TL and OSL	p. 193
General Considerations	p. 193
Competition During Excitation	p. 196
Competition During Hearing	p. 198
The Predose (Sensitization) Effect	p. 205
Sensitization and De-sensitization in Quartz	p. 207
Dose-rate Dependence	p. 210
Sublinear Dose Dependence of TL and LM-OSL in the OTOR System	p. 211
Dose-dependence and Dose-rate Behaviors by Simulations	p. 222
Simulations of the Dose-rate Effect of TL	p. 225
Nonmonotonic Dose Dependence of TL and OSL	p. 229
Nonmonotonic Dose Dependence of TL; Simulations	p. 231
Nonmonotonic Effect of OSL; Results of Simulations	p. 239
Simulations of TL and OSL in Dating Procedures	p. 245
The Predose Effect in Quartz	p. 245
Simulation of Thermal Activation Characteristics in Quartz	p. 247
The Bailey Model for Quartz	p. 256
Simulation of the Predose Dating Technique	p. 261
The Single Aliquot Regenerative Dose (SAR) Technique	p. 266
Thermally Transferred OSL (TT-OSL)	p. 272
Advanced Methods for Evaluating Trapping Parameters	p. 279
Deconvolution	p. 279
Monte-Carlo Methods	p. 282
Genetic Algorithms	p. 287
Application of Differential Evolution to Fitting OSL Curves	p. 291
Simultaneous TL and Other Types of Measurements	p. 297
Simultaneous TL and TSC Measurements; Experimental Results	p. 297
Theoretical Considerations	p. 301
Numerical Analysis of Simultaneous TL-TSC Measurements	p. 310
Themoluminescence and Optical Absorption	p. 313
Simultaneous Measurements of TL and ESR (EPR)	p. 318
Simultaneous Measurements of TL and TSEE	p. 323
Applications in Medical Physics	p. 327
Introduction	p. 327
Applications of Luminescence Detectors in Medical Physics	p. 328
Examples of in-vivo Dosimetric Applications	p. 332
Radioluminescence	p. 334
Radiophotoluminescence	p. 341
Development and Use of RPL Materials	p. 341
The Simplest RPL Model	p. 344
Effects of Ionization Density on TL response	p. 347
Modeling TL Supralinearity due to Heavy Charged Particles	p. 347
Defect Interaction Model	p. 351
The Unified Interaction Model	p. 352
The Exponential Integral	p. 357
The Integral in TL Theory	p. 357
Asymptotic Series	p. 358
Other Methods	p. 362
Previous Books and Review Papers	p. 363
Examples	p. 365
Simulation of OSL Experiments Using the OTOR Model	p. 365
Simulation of OSL Experiments Using the IMTS Model	p. 366
Simulation of TL Experiment Using the Bailey Model	p. 369
References	p. 371
Author Index	p. 395
Subject Index	p. 411
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