Thermodynamics of Fluids Under Flow

by Jou, D.; Casas-Vazquez, J.; Criado-Sancho, M.

• ISBN13: 9783540678458
• ISBN10: 354067845X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-10-01
• Publisher: Springer-Verlag New York Inc

Summary

The book analyzes the thermodynamic aspects of several phenomena induced by flow in fluid systems. It begins with a macroscopic formulation of the thermodynamic theory, within the framework of extended irreversible thermodynamics, and compares it with other non-equilibrium approaches. These macroscopic results are examined from a microscopic point of view for different systems, namely, ideal gases, non-ideal gases and dilute polymer solutions. The thermodynamic approach is applied to the analysis of shear-induced changes in the phase diagram of polymer solutions, to shear-induced diffusion and to chemical reactions under flow. It is also compared with the dynamical approach based on the detailed evolution equations. The book may be especially useful for researchers in non-equilibrium thermodynamics or non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and in polymer physics or materials sciences.

Table of Contents

Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics and Rheology	1	(34)
A Short Review of Rheological Concepts	2	(8)
Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics	10	(7)
Rational Extended Thermodynamics	17	(6)
Theories with Internal Variables	23	(4)
Hamiltonian Formulations	27	(8)
References	32	(3)
Ideal Gases	35	(26)
Review of Some Basic Concepts	36	(1)
Information Theory	37	(9)
Identification of Lagrange Multipliers	46	(3)
Kinetic Theory	49	(3)
Grad's Solution	52	(3)
Comparison with Exact Results	55	(3)
Partition Function for a Non-equilibrium Relativistic Ideal Gas	58	(3)
References	59	(2)
Non-ideal Fluids	61	(22)
Modified Equations of State and Shift of the Critical Point	62	(5)
Kinetic Theory of Dilute Non-ideal Gases	67	(5)
Comparison with Computer Simulations	72	(5)
Nuclear Collisions	77	(6)
References	81	(2)
Polymeric Solutions	83	(20)
Kinetic Theory of Dilute Polymeric Solutions	84	(11)
Derivation of the Steady-State Compliance	95	(3)
Maximum-Entropy Approach	98	(1)
Reptation Model	99	(4)
References	102	(1)
Non-equilibrium Chemical Potential and Shear-Induced Effects	103	(30)
Survey of Experimental Results	104	(3)
Equilibrium Chemical Potential	107	(3)
Non-equilibrium Chemical Potential	110	(4)
Phase Diagram Under Non-equilibrium Conditions	114	(5)
Non-equilibrium Effects in Non-Newtonian Fluids	119	(9)
Other Approaches	128	(5)
References	131	(2)
Comparison of Thermodynamical and Dynamical Approaches	133	(18)
Dynamical Derivation of Thermodynamical Stability Criteria	134	(5)
Structure Factor	139	(4)
Derivation of the Structure Factor	143	(8)
References	150	(1)
Thermodynamic Couplings Between Flow and Diffusion	151	(26)
Introduction: Purely Dynamical Couplings	152	(2)
Shear-Induced Migration of Polymers	154	(10)
Thermodynamics of Taylor Dispersion	164	(6)
Thermodynamics of Anomalous Diffusion	170	(7)
References	176	(1)
Chemical Reactions and Polymer Degradation Under Flow	177	(20)
Thermodynamic Formulation	178	(2)
Shear-Induced Polymer Degradation: Kinetic Analysis	180	(4)
Shear-Induced Polymer Degradation: Thermodynamic Analysis	184	(5)
Kinetic Theory of Chemical Reactions	189	(4)
Recurrence Method for Probability Weight Distribution Under Viscous Pressure	193	(4)
References	195	(2)
Concluding Remarks and Perspectives	197	(32)
Some Possible Criticisms	197	(3)
Perspectives	200	(5)
References	202	(3)
Appendices
A. Survey of Experimental Information	205	(6)
A.1 Polystyrene Dioctyl-Phthalate (PS/DOP)	205	(1)
A.2 Polystyrene Transdecalin (PS/TD)	206	(2)
A.3 Polystyrene Dissolved in Oligomeric Polystyrene	208	(1)
References	209	(2)
B. Liquid Crystals	211	(12)
B.1 Equilibrium Thermodynamics and the Isotropic-Nematic Phase Transition	211	(4)
B.2 Dynamic Equations in the Presence of a Flow	215	(3)
B.3 Thermodynamic Formulation	218	(1)
B.4 Maximum-Entropy Approach	219	(2)
References	221	(2)
C. Summary of Vector and Tensor Notation	223	(4)
D. Useful Integrals in the Kinetic Theory of Gases	227	(1)
E. Some Physical Constants	228	(1)
Subject Index	229