Thermodynamics and Heat Power

by Rolle, Kurt C.

• ISBN13: 9780130955616
• ISBN10: 0130955612
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

This popular book presents the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics and their practical applications to heat power, heat transfer, and heating and air conditioning. It addressesreal-world problems in engineering and design --without stressing abstract mathematics -- and uses a uniquecalculus/non-calculus based approach that ensures a rigorous treatment of each subject appropriate to the mathematics level of each reader. Includes a software package for doing cycles, combustion and radiation Heat Transfer problems with parametric analyses. Develops concepts and example problems in contexts that are based on "real world" applications. Offers unique optionalCalculus for Clarity sections for readers who have a background in differential and integral calculus. Provides a complete introduction to convection, conduction, and radiation heat transfer; and examines application of thermodynamic principles to power-producing and consuming mechanical devices such as nozzles, pumps, turbines, gas and steam engines, heat pumps, and refrigeration systems. Features an eight-chapter treatment of heat power/combustion/transfer and HVAC (one of the most extensive available in a book at this level). For those in mechanical, manufacturing, industrial, and engineering technology interested in thermodynamics and heat transfer.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction	1	(26)
1-1 Some Reasons for Studying Thermodynamics	1	(5)
1-2 Historical Background of Thermodynamics	6	(4)
1-3 Basic Dimensions and Unit Systems	10	(1)
1-4 Thermodynamic Calculations and Unit Cancellations	11	(2)
1-5 Further Thermodynamic Calculations	13	(9)
1-6 Method of Problem Solving	22	(1)
1-7 Summary	23	(1)
Practice Problems	24	(3)
2 The Thermodynamic System	27	(42)
2-1 The System	27	(2)
2-2 Elementary Theory of Matter	29	(4)
2-3 Property	33	(1)
2-4 State of a System	33	(1)
2-5 Process	33	(1)
2-6 Cycles and Cyclic Devices	33	(1)
2-7 Weight and Mass	34	(3)
2-8 Volume, Density, and Pressure	37	(14)
2-9 Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics	51	(1)
2-10 Temperature and Thermometers	51	(7)
2-11 Energy	58	(4)
2-12 Efficiency	62	(1)
2-13 Units Revisited	63	(1)
2-14 Summary	64	(1)
Practice Problems	65	(4)
3 Work, Heat, and Reversibility	69	(28)
3-1 Work	69	(12)
3-2 Power	81	(3)
3-3 Heat	84	(1)
3-4 Reversibility	85	(4)
3-5 The Equivalence of Work and Heat	89	(1)
3-6 Types of Systems	89	(1)
3-7 The Forms of Energy	90	(1)
3-8 Summary	90	(2)
Practice Problems	92	(5)
4 Conservation of Mass and the First Law of Thermodynamics	97	(36)
4-1 Conservation of Mass	97	(4)
4-2 Steady Flow	101	(2)
4-3 Uniform Flow	103	(5)
4-4 Conservation of Energy	108	(4)
4-5 The First Law of Thermodynamics for a Closed System	112	(1)
4-6 The First Law of Thermodynamics for an Isolated System	112	(2)
4-7 Flow Energy and Enthalpy	114	(4)
4-8 The First Law of Thermodynamics for an Open System	118	(6)
4-9 Summary	124	(1)
Practice Problems	125	(8)
5 Equations of State and Calorimetry	133	(33)
5-1 Equations of State and Pure Substances	133	(3)
5-2 Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relationships	136	(8)
5-3 Caloric Equations of State	144	(8)
5-4 Calorimetry	152	(4)
5-5 Properties of Pure Substances	156	(6)
5-6 Summary	162	(1)
Practice Problems	163	(3)
6 Processes	166	(42)
6-1 Processes of Perfect Gases	166	(12)
6-2 Adiabatic Processes of Perfect Gases	178	(8)
6-3 Processes of Compressible Gases	186	(3)
6-4 Processes of Incompressible Liquids	189	(2)
6-5 Processes of Solids	191	(3)
6-6 Processes of Pure Substances	194	(7)
6-7 Summary	201	(2)
Practice Problems	203	(5)
7 Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics	208	(46)
7-1 Heat Engines and Cyclic Devices	208	(3)
7-2 The Carnot Engine and Entropy	211	(7)
7-3 Thermal Efficiency	218	(2)
7-4 Refrigeration and Heat Pump Cycles	220	(5)
7-5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics	225	(4)
7-6 Entropy and Reversibility	229	(1)
7-7 Entropy Changes	230	(6)
7-8 The Isentropic Process	236	(3)
7-9 The Third Law of Thermodynamics	239	(1)
7-10 Carnot Cycle Analysis	240	(7)
7-11 Summary	247	(2)
Practice Problems	249	(5)
8 Availability and Useful Work	254	(16)
8-1 Useful Work	254	(3)
8-2 Availability	257	(3)
8-3 Energy Degradation	260	(6)
8-4 Free Energy	266	(2)
8-5 Summary	268	(1)
Practice Problems	268	(2)
9 The Internal Combustion Engine and the Otto and Diesel Cycles	270	(52)
9-1 The Internal Combustion Engine	271	(1)
9-2 The Ideal Otto Cycle and Air-Standard Analysis	271	(13)
9-3 Otto Cycle Efficiency	284	(2)
9-4 The Actual Otto Engine	286	(14)
9-5 The Diesel Engine and Air-Standard Analysis	300	(8)
9-6 The Diesel-Otto Comparison	308	(1)
9-7 The Dual Cycle	309	(1)
9-8 Computer-Aided Analysis	310	(3)
9-9 Engine Design Considerations	313	(4)
9-10 Summary	317	(1)
Practice Problems	317	(5)
10 Gas Turbines, Jet Propulsion, and the Brayton Cycle	322	(41)
10-1 The Ideal Brayton Cycle and the Gas Turbine Engine	322	(3)
10-2 The Gas Turbine	325	(3)
10-3 Combustors and Compressors	328	(3)
10-4 Nozzles and Diffusers	331	(8)
10-5 The Gas Turbine Engine and Air-Standard Analysis	339	(6)
10-6 Regenerative Cycles	345	(4)
10-7 Jet Propulsion	349	(5)
10-8 Rockets	354	(2)
10-9 Computer-Aided Analysis of the Gas Turbine	356	(1)
10-10 Summary	357	(1)
Practice Problems	358	(5)
11 Steam Power Generation and the Rankine Cycle	363	(44)
11-1 The Rankine Cycle	363	(2)
11-2 Boilers and Steam Generators	365	(2)
11-3 Steam Turbines	367	(2)
11-4 Pumps	369	(1)
11-5 Condensers	370	(1)
11-6 Steam as a Working Fluid	371	(9)
11-7 Analysis of Steam Power Generation Cycles	380	(5)
11-8 The Reheat Cycle	385	(4)
11-9 The Regenerative Cycle	389	(4)
11-10 The Reheat-Regenerative Cycle	393	(6)
11-11 Other Considerations of the Rankine Cycle	399	(2)
11-12 Summary	401	(1)
Practice Problems	402	(5)
12 Refrigeration and Heat Pumps	407	(31)
12-1 The Reversed Carnot Cycle	407	(4)
12-2 The Vapor Compression Cycles	411	(4)
12-3 Analysis of Vapor Compression Refrigeration Systems	415	(4)
12-4 The Reversed Brayton Cycle or Air Cycle	419	(8)
12-5 Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration	427	(2)
12-6 Cryogenics and Gas Liquefaction	429	(2)
12-7 Heat Pumps	431	(4)
12-8 Summary	435	(1)
Practice Problems	436	(2)
13 Mixtures	438	(34)
13-1 Mixture Analysis	438	(4)
13-2 Perfect Gas Mixtures	442	(3)
13-3 Water and Air Mixtures and the Psychrometric Chart	445	(7)
13-4 Processes of Air-Water Mixtures	452	(10)
13-5 Chemical Potential	462	(2)
13-6 Diffusion	464	(3)
13-7 Summary	467	(2)
Practice Problems	469	(3)
14 Reacting Mixtures and Combustion	472	(18)
14-1 The Combustion Process	472	(2)
14-2 Fuels	474	(2)
14-3 Air/Fuel Ratios	476	(1)
14-4 Heat of Formation	477	(1)
14-5 Combustion Analysis	478	(4)
14-6 Adiabatic Combustion Temperature	482	(2)
14-7 Entropy Generation in Combustion	484	(3)
14-8 Summary	487	(1)
Practice Problems	488	(2)
15 Heat Transfer	490	(61)
15-1 Conduction Heat Transfer	491	(8)
15-2 Convection Heat Transfer	499	(1)
15-3 Combined Conduction-Convection Applications	500	(14)
15-4 Forced Convection	514	(5)
15-5 Natural Convection	519	(6)
15-6 Radiation Heat Transfer	525	(11)
15-7 Heat Exchangers	536	(5)
15-8 Summary	541	(3)
Practice Problems	544	(7)
16 Heating and Air Conditioning	551	(17)
16-1 Parameters in Heating and Air Conditioning	551	(6)
16-2 Analysis of Space Heating	557	(6)
16-3 Analysis of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration	563	(3)
16-4 Summary	566	(1)
Practice Problems	567	(1)
17 Other Power Devices	568
17-1 Electric Generators, Motors, and Batteries	568	(5)
17-2 Fuel Cells	573	(2)
17-3 Thermoelectric Devices	575	(2)
17-4 Magnetohydrodynamics	577	(1)
17-5 Biological Systems	578	(5)
17-6 Stirling Cycle Devices	583	(3)
17-7 Summary	586	(1)
Practice Problems	587
Appendixes
A Mathematical Relationships	A-1
B Tables and Charts	B-1
C Selected References	C-1
D Thermodynamic Notation and List of Symbols	D-1
Answers to Selected Problems	ANS-1
Index	I-1