Thermodynamics, Text plus Web : An Integrated Learning System

by Philip S. Schmidt; Ofodike Ezekoye; John R. Howell; Derek Baker

• ISBN13: 9780471143437
• ISBN10: 047114343X
• Edition: 1
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-11-01
• Publisher: WILEY

Summary

What if there were no constraints on the use of photographs and graphics; if books could show objects dynamically to illustrate their multi-dimensional characteristics; and if new and revised material could be added at frequent intervals in response to direct feedback from users? Welcome to ThermoNet! Combining a concise text and Web component, ThermoNet not only covers standard thermodynamics topics but also enhances learning through interactive animations, tutorials, exercises, and problems. An integrated learning package that brings thermodynamics to life: Developed by engineering educators with partial support from the National Science Foundation. Incorporates a Web-based resource where words are used to support visual representations. Utilizes graphics-rich environments to help readers gain a strong conceptual understanding of the material. Includes an interactive presentation of governing equations that clearly shows the physics underlying each term. Focuses the reader's attention on the fundamental principles and motivates them to master the concepts.

Author Biography

The text and ThermoNet were developed over an eight-year period by four engineering educators with extensive experience in both classroom teaching and development of multimedia learning tools, with partial support from the National Science Foundation. We hope that ThermoNet and this associated textbook will change and enhance the way students learn this core area of engineering science.

Derek K. Baker is presently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara, Turkey. He has worked domestically and internationally in the areas of energy conservation, renewable energy, and power generation at Duke Power Company, ABB, Siv, Ing. Gaute Flatheim and Xenergy. During graduate school at the University of Texas at Austin, he performed theoretical and experimental research on Calcium carbonate scaling rates on heat transfer surfaces and began developing the Web site ThermoNet. After receiving his Ph.D. in 2000, he became an Assistant Professor at Humboldt State University in Arcata, California. In 2003 he joined the METU Department of Mechanical Engineering, where he teaches undergraduate and graduate classes related to thermodynamics and energy conversion and performs research in the areas of energy efficiency, building energy systems, and renewable energy.

Ofodike A. Ezekoye Dr. Ofodike (DK) Ezekoye is an associate professor in the Mechanical Engineering department at the University of Texas at Austin. He received his BS in mechanical engineering from the University of Pennsylvania (Magna cum laude) in 1987 and his MS and Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1989 and 1991,  respectively. Following his Ph.D. he spent one year as a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Building and Fire Research Laboratory at the National Institute for Standards and Technology.

Dr. Ezekoye teaches several thermo-science courses, including thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fire dynamics. Dr. Ezekoye's research is in heat and mass transfer in high-temperature and reacting systems such as combustion engines, furnaces, and fire enclosures. He has published over 100 journal and conference papers in combustion, aerosol dynamics, and heat transfer. This research covers a range of applications from fundamentals of combustion systems to scientific support of the fire service in developing fire-fighting tactics. Ezekoye received a National Science Foundation Early Career Award (CAREER) and a Society of Automotive Engineering Ralph R. Teetor Educational Award, both in 1997. He received a University of Texas College of Engineering Faculty Excellence Award in 1998 and an Award of Excellence fro the Halliburton Foundation in 199. In 2003, he was honored with a Faculty Appreciation Award sponsored by the Student Engineering Council.

Jack Howell Jack Howell presently holds the Ernest Cockrell, Jr., Chair at the University of Texas at Austin, in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Previously he was a heat transfer researcher at the NASA Lewis (now Glenn) Research Center, and associate and full professor at the University of Houston. he joined the UT Austin College of Engineering in 1978. He served as Department Chairman in Mechanical Engineering from 1986 to 1990 and as Associate Dean for Research from 1996 to 1999. He served as program director of the Thermal Transport and Thermal Processing Program with the National Science Foundation (1994-1995). He received the ASME/AIChE Max Jakob Award (1997), the ASME Heat Transfer Memorial Award (1991), and the AIAA Thermophysics Award (1990) for his work in radiative transfer, and the ASEE Ralph Coats Roe Award in 1987 as Outstanding Mechanical Engineering Educator. He is a fellow of ASME and AIAA and was elected a Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Science (1999). He coauthored Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, now in 4th edition (Taylor and Francis, 2002) (with Robert Siegel); Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics (2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1992) (with Richard Buckius); and Solar Thermal Energy Systems (McGraw-Hill, 1982) (with Gary Vliet and Richard Bannerot). He has also published over 200 articles, papers, and reports.

Philip S. Schmidt Dr. Philip S. Schmidt is the Donald J. Douglass Centennial Professor of Engineering and University Distinguished Teaching Professor at the University of Texas at Austin. He received his bachelor's degree in aeronautics and astronautics from M.I.T. (1962) and his MS and Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from Stanford (1965 and 1968). He has been on the faculty in mechanical engineering at UT since 1970.

Dr. Schmidt's research focuses on the development of electrothermal processes for industry, and he teaches courses in thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and thermal-fluid systems design. He has written over 75 articles in the research literature and is the author of two books, Electricity and Industrial Productivity: A Technical and Economic Perspective (Pergamon, 1984) and Industrial Energy Management and Utilization (Hemisphere, 1988). He has served as Chairman of the Joint U.S.-Soviet Symposium on Efficient Electricity Use, as a member of the Committee on the Future of Central-Station Electric Power of the National Academy of Engineering, and as a Member of the Electricity Utilization Working Group for the Office of Technology Assessment of the U.S. Congress. He served as Head of the Processed Energetic Program in the Center of Energy and  Environmental Resources at UT Austin from 1981 to 2004.

Dr. Schmidt received the General Dynamics Teaching Excellence Award from the College of Engineering in 1983 and the UT Excellence Award for Undergraduate Teaching in 1989. In 1991, he received the Amoco Foundation Outstanding Teaching Award and was also the recipient of the Friar Centennial Teaching Fellowship Award. In 1992, he was awarded the ASEE Ralph Coats Roe Award for Outstanding Mechanical Engineering Educator. In November 1994, he was named Texas Professor of the Year by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Council for the Advancement and Support of Education (CASE), and in June 1995 he was named one of the 10 inaugural members of the Academy of Distinguished Teachers at the University of Texas at Austin.

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
About the Authors	vii
Thermodynamic Concepts and Terminology	1	(18)
Systems	2	(1)
Properties	3	(1)
State	3	(1)
Changing the State of a System	3	(2)
Unit Systems	5	(3)
Property Units	8	(3)
Converting Units	11	(2)
Problem Solving in Thermodynamics	13	(2)
Summary: What Have I Learned?	15	(4)
Homework Problems	16	(3)
Energy, Work, and Heat Transfer	19	(18)
Energy within a System Boundary	19	(4)
Energy Transfer across a Boundary	23	(8)
Energy Transfer by Mass Transport	31	(2)
Energy: What Is It?	33	(1)
Conclusions and Observations	34	(3)
Homework Problems	34	(3)
Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Substances	37	(30)
State Principle	38	(1)
Intensive and Extensive Properties	38	(1)
Pure Substances	38	(6)
Liquid-Vapor Tables	44	(1)
Saturation and Quality	44	(3)
Compressed Liquids	47	(2)
Superheated Vapor	49	(1)
Gases	50	(1)
Ideal Gas Law	50	(1)
Compressibility Factor	51	(3)
Other Equations of State	54	(1)
Internal Energy and Enthalpy	55	(3)
Heat Capacities and Specific Heats	58	(1)
Ideal Gas Tables	59	(2)
Some Other Thermodynamic Properties	61	(1)
Concluding Remarks	62	(5)
Homework Problems	63	(4)
The First Law of Thermodynamics	67	(32)
Closed Systems	67	(6)
Open (Control Volume) Systems	73	(5)
Steady-State, Steady-Flow Processes	78	(10)
Transient (Unsteady) Analysis	88	(5)
Concluding Remarks	93	(6)
Homework Problems	93	(6)
Reversible and Irreversible Processes	99	(10)
Irreversible Processes	99	(2)
The Effect of Friction on Work Processes	101	(3)
The Effect of a Finite Temperature Difference on Heat Transfer Processes	104	(2)
Accounting for Irreversibility in Engineering Thermodynamics	106	(3)
Homework Problems	106	(3)
Entropy and the Second Law	109	(32)
Entropy: The Measure of Irreversibility	109	(7)
The Second Law of Thermodynamics	116	(9)
Calculating Values for Entropy	125	(6)
Isentropic Processes	131	(4)
Graphical Presentation and Interpretation of Entropy	135	(2)
Concluding Remarks	137	(4)
Homework Problems	137	(4)
Second Law Applications	141	(34)
Applying the Second Law to General Thermodynamic Devices	141	(6)
Applications to Specific Devices	147	(24)
Concluding Remarks	171	(4)
Homework Problems	171	(4)
Analysis of Thermodynamic Cycles	175	(14)
Introduction	175	(1)
First and Second Laws for Cycles	175	(2)
Power Cycles	177	(6)
Refrigeration and Heat Pump Cycles	183	(2)
Second Law Statements Revisited	185	(4)
Homework Problems	186	(3)
Gas Power Cycles	189	(40)
The Air-Standard Cycle	189	(2)
Stirling Cycle Analysis	191	(4)
Otto Cycle Analysis	195	(7)
Diesel Cycle Analysis	202	(6)
Other Piston Engine Cycles	208	(1)
Brayton Cycle Analysis	209	(17)
Concluding Remarks	226	(3)
Homework Problems	226	(3)
Vapor Power Cycles	229	(26)
Introduction	229	(4)
Ideal Rankine Cycle	233	(2)
Non-Ideal Rankine Cycle	235	(3)
Rankine Cycle with Reheat	238	(4)
Other Rankine Cycle Enhancements	242	(4)
Cogeneration and Combined Cycles	246	(9)
Homework Problems	250	(5)
Refrigeration and Heat Pumps	255	(16)
Introduction	255	(2)
Ideal Vapor Compression Cycle	257	(3)
Refrigeration or Heat Pump Capacity	260	(2)
Non-Ideal Vapor Compression Cycle	262	(2)
Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps	264	(1)
Other Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump Cycles	265	(3)
Concluding Remarks	268	(3)
Homework Problems	268	(3)
Mixtures and Psychrometrics	271	(24)
Introduction	271	(1)
Mixtures	271	(7)
Gas-Vapor Mixtures and Psychrometrics	278	(6)
Applications of Psychrometrics	284	(7)
Summary	291	(4)
Homework Problems	291	(4)
Combustion and Chemical Equilibrium	295	(24)
Introduction	295	(1)
Chemistry of Combustion	296	(3)
Combustion Processes	299	(8)
Second Law Analysis of Combustion Processes	307	(4)
Equilibrium Composition	311	(6)
Concluding Remarks	317	(2)
Homework Problems	317	(2)
Thermodynamic Analysis, Properties, Introduction to Microscopic Thermodynamics, and Advanced Energy Systems	319	(20)
Introduction	319	(1)
Second Law Analysis of Systems	320	(4)
Property Relationships	324	(6)
Microscopic Thermodynamics	330	(4)
Advanced Energy Systems	334	(2)
Concluding Remarks	336	(3)
Homework Problems	336	(3)
Appendix	339	(114)
Index	453