Thwarting Consumer Choice The Case against Mandatory Labeling for Genetically Modified Foods

by Marchant, Gary E.; Cardineau, Guy A.; Redick, Thomas P.

• ISBN13: 9780844743264
• ISBN10: 0844743267
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-05-16
• Publisher: AEI PRESS

Summary

Are consumers entitled to full disclosure about what is in their food? Many countries, including key U.S. trading partners in Europe and Asia, have adopted mandatory labeling laws for genetically modified crops such as corn and soybeans. Policymakers in the United States are under pressure from activist groups to adopt similar laws, and some public opinion polls suggest that 90 percent of Americans support mandatory GM labeling. But does GM labeling really protect consumers? In Thwarting Consumer Choice, Gary E. Marchant, Guy A. Cardineau, and Thomas P. Redick contend that mandatory GM labeling laws actually harm consumers by pushing genetically modified foods off the market. Although proponents of mandatory labeling often question the safety of genetically modified foods, the National Academy of Sciences and other leading research institutions agree that _GM foods present no unique risks, or greater risks than non-GM foods._ Genetically modified foods are not only safe, but abundant and inexpensive. Because they require less use of pesticides and fewer acres of land than conventional crops, they do not overtax the environment. Future innovations could produce GM foods with increased vitamin levels and reduced fat content. Despite these vast benefits, the GM food industry is threatened by labeling requirements that are burdensome, expensive, and stigmatizing. Mandatory labeling would deter investment in this burgeoning biotechnology and deprive the public of important innovations. Ultimately, the authors conclude, GM labeling laws are antithetical to the notion of consumer choice.

Author Biography

Gary E. Marchant is Lincoln Professor of Emerging Technologies, Law, and Ethics at the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law at Arizona State University. He is a professor in ASU's School of Life Sciences and executive director of ASU's Center for Law, Science Innovation. Guy A. Cardineau is the Associated Students of Arizona State University (ASASU) Centennial Professor and a research professor emeritus in the Biodesign Institute, the School of Life Sciences, and the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law at Arizona State University. He is a professor at Tecnolgico de Monterrey, Nuevo Len. Thomas P. Redick is the principal attorney in the Global Environmental Ethics Counsel law firm in St. Louis, Missouri.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. vii
Introduction and Background	p. 1
Introduction	p. 3
Background on GM Foods	p. 6
Biotechnology Techniques	p. 6
GM Crops and Foods	p. 7
Risks of GM Crops and Foods	p. 9
GM Labeling Laws and Regulations	p. 12
Status and History of Mandatory GM Labeling Requirements	p. 12
Key Design Issues and Differences in National Labeling Laws	p. 19
International Law Fora	p. 20
Critique of the Arguments for Mandatory GM Labeling	p. 25
The "Right to Know"	p. 27
Consumer Choice	p. 32
Public Opinion	p. 37
Tracking and Surveillance Applications	p. 44
Health Monitoring and Product Surveillance	p. 44
Cultural and Religious Dietary Restrictions	p. 47
Arguments against Mandatory GM Labeling	p. 51
Costs and Burdens of Mandatory GM Labeling	p. 53
Costs of Testing and Segregation	p. 53
Market Distortions	p. 56
Shipping Disruption Incidents	p. 58
Consumer Confusion and Loss of Benefits	p. 60
A Voluntary Labeling Alternative	p. 62
Conclusion	p. 66
Animal Cloning: The Latest Skirmish	p. 68
National GM Labeling Laws and Policies	p. 71
Notes	p. 72
About the Authors	p. 95
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