Tilapias

by Beveridge, Malcolm C. M.; McAndrew, Brendan J.

• ISBN13: 9780792363910
• ISBN10: 0792363914
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-08-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

Referred to in the Bible, pictured on the wall-friezes of ancient Egyptian tombs, and a subject of fascination for generations of scientists, the tilapias (Cichlidae: Tilapiini) have featured in the diet and culture of humankind for thousands of years. The present century has seen their spread from Africa throughout the tropics and sub-tropics, largely for food and fisheries purposes. This book attempts to pull together our knowledge of this important group - their biology and fisheries and aquaculture - in a single volume, something that has not been done comprehensively for nearly two decades. A succession of chapters by acknowledged authorities covers evolution, phylogenetic relationships and biogeography, reproductive biology, mating systems and parental care, diet, feeding and digestive physiology, environmental physiology and energetics, the role of tilapias in ecosystems, population dynamics and management, genetics, seed production, nutrition, farming, economics and marketing. The book is aimed at biologists, fisheries scientists, aquaculturists, and all interested in aquatic ecology.

Table of Contents

Series Editor's Preface	ix
David L.G. Noakes
Preface	xi
Malcolm Beveridge
Brendan McAndrew
List of contributors	xv
Evolution, phylogenetic relationships and biogeography	1	(32)
B.J. McAndrew
Definition of a tilapia	1	(1)
Evolution of the Cichlidae	2	(2)
Taxonomic classification	4	(4)
Evolution of mouthbrooding tilapia	8	(2)
Tilapiine evolution	10	(5)
Biogeography	15	(18)
References	28	(5)
Reproductive biology, mating systems and parental care	33	(26)
G.F. Turner
R.L. Robinson
Introduction	33	(1)
Mating systems and mate choice	34	(3)
Competition and territoriality	37	(4)
Courtship and spawning	41	(4)
Parental care	45	(4)
Habitat use during the life cycle	49	(1)
Breeding seasonality	50	(1)
Evolution of reproductive strategies	51	(2)
Implications for exploitation	53	(1)
Conclusions	54	(5)
Acknowledgements	54	(1)
References	55	(4)
Diet, feeding and digestive physiology	59	(30)
M.C.M. Beveridge
D.J. Baird
Introduction	59	(1)
Diet and feeding ecology	59	(2)
Food capture and processing	61	(6)
Gut morphology and digestion	67	(4)
Feeding rates and trophic efficiencies	71	(8)
Discussion	79	(10)
Acknowledgements	81	(1)
References	81	(8)
Environmental physiology and energetics	89	(40)
L.G. Ross
Introduction	89	(1)
Body design and general anatomical features	90	(4)
Handling and anaesthesia	94	(1)
Oxygen consumption and utilization	94	(19)
Nitrogenous excretion	113	(2)
The major metabolic modifiers	115	(4)
Energy flow and budgets	119	(2)
Effects of water quality parameters	121	(1)
Summary	122	(7)
References	124	(5)
The role of tilapias in ecosystems	129	(34)
R.H. Lowe-McConnell
Introduction	129	(3)
Nilo-Sudanian tilapias in riverine ecosystems and impoundments	132	(3)
Nilo-Sudanian tilapias in lakes	135	(5)
Tilapias in Lake Victoria--the replacement of endemic by nilotic species	140	(4)
Nyumba ya Mungu reservoir, Tanzania, new home of O. esculentus	144	(4)
The roles of tilapias in species flocks	148	(3)
Tilapias in specialized ecosystems	151	(2)
O. mossambicus in Lake Sibaya, southern Africa	153	(1)
The roles of tilapias established in ecosystems outside Africa	154	(2)
Discussion: the success of tilapias	156	(7)
References	157	(6)
Population dynamics and management	163	(64)
K. Lorenzen
Introduction	163	(1)
Population processes	164	(21)
Dynamics and management of populations	185	(19)
Life history variation and `stunting'	204	(9)
Concluding remarks	213	(14)
Acknowledgements	214	(1)
References	214	(13)
Genetics for the management and improvement of cultured tilapias	227	(40)
D.J. Penman
B.J. McAndrew
Introduction	227	(1)
Choice of species and strains	228	(7)
Selective breeding	235	(4)
Chromosome set and ploidy manipulations	239	(4)
Control of reproduction	243	(9)
Transgenic tilapia	252	(3)
Summary	255	(12)
References	255	(12)
Strategies for tilapia seed production	267	(60)
D.C. Little
G. Hulata
Introduction	267	(1)
Development of tilapia seed production	268	(11)
Factors affecting reproductive success and hatchery efficiency	279	(8)
Hatchery systems	287	(27)
Nursing of tilapia	314	(1)
Systems comparison	314	(3)
Summary	317	(10)
Acknowledgements	319	(1)
References	320	(7)
Nutritional requirements	327	(50)
K. Jauncey
Introduction	327	(1)
Protein requirements	327	(11)
Lipid	338	(3)
Carbohydrate	341	(3)
Protein and energy relationships	344	(4)
Vitamins	348	(7)
Minerals	355	(22)
Conclusions	366	(1)
References	366	(11)
Semi-intensive pond aquaculture	377	(28)
P. Edwards
C.K. Lin
A. Yakupitiyage
Introduction	377	(1)
Comparison of tilapias and carps	378	(2)
Culture systems	380	(7)
Pond fertilization	387	(4)
Supplementary feeding	391	(6)
Environmental concerns	397	(8)
References	398	(7)
Production in intensive and recycle systems	405	(42)
J.F. Muir
J. van Rijn
J. Hargreaves
Introduction	405	(1)
The suitability of tilapia for intensive production	406	(4)
System design and operation--theoretical and practical aspects	410	(17)
Practical development of intensive and recycle systems	427	(10)
Problems and constraints	437	(2)
Future directions	439	(8)
References	441	(6)
Economics and marketing	447	(42)
J.A. Young
J.F. Muir
Introduction	447	(1)
The tilapia marketing environment	448	(6)
Current supply features	454	(4)
Comparative production economics	458	(9)
The market for tilapia products	467	(1)
Prospective tilapia consumers	468	(3)
Marketing tilapia in the EU	471	(3)
Marketing tilapia in North America	474	(3)
Challenges for tilapia marketing	477	(3)
Potential directions and conclusions	480	(9)
References	482	(7)
Species index	489	(4)
Index	493