Time-Domain Computer Analysis of Nonlinear Hybrid Systems

by Sui; Wenquan

• ISBN13: 9780849313967
• ISBN10: 0849313961
• eBook ISBN(s): 9781420040227
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-11-06
• Publisher: CRC Press
• More Book Details

Summary

The analysis of nonlinear hybrid electromagnetic systems poses significant challenges that essentially demand reliable numerical methods. In recent years, research has shown that finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) cosimulation techniques hold great potential for future designs and analyses of electrical systems.Time-Domain Computer Analysis of Nonlinear Hybrid Systems summarizes and reviews more than 10 years of research in FDTD cosimulation. It first provides a basic overview of the electromagnetic theory, the link between field theory and circuit theory, transmission line theory, finite-difference approximation, and analog circuit simulation. The author then extends the basic theory of FDTD cosimulation to focus on techniques for time-domain field solving, analog circuit analysis, and integration of other lumped systems, such as n-port nonlinear circuits, into the field-solving scheme.The numerical cosimulation methods described in this book and proven in various applications can effectively simulate hybrid circuits that other techniques cannot. By incorporating recent, new, and previously unpublished results, this book effectively represents the state of the art in FDTD techniques. More detailed studies are needed before the methods described are fully developed, but the discussions in this book build a good foundation for their future perfection.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
The Author	xi
Introduction	1	(18)
Introduction	1	(1)
Electromagnetic Systems	2	(6)
Hybrid Electromagnetic Systems	8	(5)
Organization of the Book	13	(6)
Electromagnetic Field Theory	19	(48)
Introduction	19	(1)
Electromagnetic Theory	20	(25)
Coulomb's Law	20	(3)
Gauss's law	23	(1)
Faraday's law	24	(1)
Ampere's law	25	(3)
Continuity equation	28	(1)
Magnetic vector Potential	29	(1)
Maxwell's equations	30	(3)
Wave equations and field retardation	33	(7)
Time-harmonic field solution	40	(2)
Boundary conditions	42	(3)
Example of Solving Electromagnetic Field Distribution	45	(22)
Circuit Equivalence and Transmission Line Theory	67	(44)
Circuit Theory as Field Approximation	67	(21)
Circuit basis under quasi-static approximation	67	(4)
Circuit equations for some lumped elements	71	(7)
Circuit model at different frequency ranges	78	(4)
Transient response of a lumped circuit	82	(6)
Transmission Line Theory	88	(17)
General transmission line solution	89	(7)
Lossless transmission line	96	(5)
Lumped-element equivalent model for a transmission line	101	(4)
Scattering Parameters of an n-port Network	105	(6)
Definition of S Parameters	105	(4)
Definitions of other network parameters	109	(2)
Finite-Difference Formulation	111	(68)
Introduction	111	(2)
Finite-Difference Method	113	(8)
Forward, backward and central differences	113	(5)
Finite-difference approximation in a nonuniform grid	118	(3)
System Solution and Stability Condition	121	(20)
Jacobian matrix and system solution	121	(2)
Application example	123	(4)
Stability condition	127	(14)
Solving Electromagnetic Fields in the Time Domain-FDTD Method
Introduction	141	(1)
Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method	142	(12)
Maxwell's equations	142	(2)
Three-dimensional FDTD formulation	144	(7)
Two-dimensional FDTD formulation	151	(3)
Issues of FDTD Numerical Implementation	154	(19)
Stability condition	154	(2)
Absorbing boundary conditions	156	(8)
Unconditionally stable FDTD algorithm	164	(4)
Numerical dispersion in FDTD	168	(5)
Examples of FDTD Application	173	(6)
Circuit Formulation and Computer Simulation	179	(44)
Introduction	179	(1)
Constitutive Relation of Devices	180	(11)
Modified Nodal Formulation of Circuit Simulation	191	(6)
Transient Analysis of Linear Circuit	197	(6)
Nonlinear Device Models in Circuit Simulation	203	(9)
Diode model	204	(2)
Bipolar Junction transistor model	206	(3)
MOS Transistor Model	209	(3)
Newton Method for Solving Systems with Nonlinear Devices	212	(4)
Timestep Control in Transient Simulation	216	(7)
Formulation for Hybrid System Simulation in the Time Domain	223	(32)
Introduction	223	(2)
Maxwell's Equations and Supplemental Current Equations	225	(6)
Hybrid Circuit Simulation with Lumped Elements	231	(11)
FDTD equations for RLC components	231	(8)
Examples of hybrid circuit simulation	239	(3)
Electron Beam in FDTD Simulation	242	(13)
Interaction between electromagnetic field and an electron beam	242	(1)
FDTD algorithm for modeling an electron beam	243	(2)
Electron-beam modeling for a planar DC diode	245	(4)
Small-signal space-charge waves in FDTD	249	(6)
Interfacing FDTD Field Solver with Lumped Systems	255	(34)
Introduction	255	(3)
Linking FDTD Method with a SPICE-like Circuit Simulator	258	(9)
Equivalent circuit model of a distributed system	258	(3)
Implementation of the circuit-field model for hybrid simulation	261	(4)
Example of the circuit-field model in FDTD	265	(2)
Modeling a Multiport S-Parameter Network in FDTD	267	(11)
Scattering parameters, port voltage, and port current	268	(4)
Modeling a S-parameter block in FDTD grid	272	(6)
Multiport Behavioral Model in FDTD	278	(3)
Behavioral Model	278	(1)
Behavioral model block in an FDTD grid	279	(2)
Examples of General Hybrid System Cosimulation	281	(8)
Simulation of Hybrid Electromagnetic Systems	289	(40)
Introduction	289	(1)
FDTD Characterization and De-embedding	290	(5)
Examples of Hybrid System Cosimulation	295	(25)
Commercial simulators	295	(2)
Application of the circuit-field model	297	(10)
Application of the multiport model	307	(5)
General hybrid system cosimulation	312	(8)
Analysis of Packaging Structure with On-chip Circuits	320	(9)
Analysis of packaging structures	321	(3)
Simulation of packaging structures with on-chip circuits	324	(5)
Optical Device Simulation in FDTD	329	(28)
Introduction	329	(2)
Active Gain Media in VCSEL	331	(5)
FDTD Formulation for Systems with Nonlinear Gain Media	336	(3)
FDTD Analysis of VCSEL Structures	339	(12)
One-dimensional structures	339	(4)
Gain media in 2D structures	343	(8)
Cosimulation for VCSEL Source and other Circuits	351	(6)
Appendix I Vector Differential Operators and Vector Identities	357	(4)
I.1 Vector Differential Operators	357	(1)
I.2 Vector Identities	358	(3)
Appendix II Laplace Transformation	361	(8)
References	369	(22)
Index	391