Timescales of Magmatic Processes From Core to Atmosphere

by Dosseto, Anthony; Turner, Simon P.; Van-Orman, James A.

• ISBN13: 9781444328509
• ISBN10: 1444328506
• Edition: 1st
• Format: eBook
• Copyright: 2010-11-30
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Quantifying the timescales of current geological processes is critical for constraining the physical mechanisms operating on the Earth today. Since the Earth's origin 4.55 billion years ago magmatic processes have continued to shape the Earth, producing the major reservoirs that exist today (core, mantle, crust, oceans and atmosphere) and promoting their continued evolution. But key questions remain. When did the core form and how quickly? How are magmas produced in the mantle, and how rapidly do they travel towards the surface? How long do magmas reside in the crust, differentiating and interacting with the host rocks to yield the diverse set of igneous rocks we see today? How fast are volcanic gases such as carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere?This book addresses these and other questions by reviewing the latest advances in a wide range of Earth Science disciplines: from the measurement of short-lived radionuclides to the study of element diffusion in crystals and numerical modelling of magma behaviour. It will be invaluable reading for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as igneous petrologists, mineralogists and geochemists involved in the study of igneous rocks and processes.

Author Biography

Anthony Dosseto did his PhD at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris in France before taking up a postdoctoral position at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia in 2004. In 2009, he moved to the Univesity of Wollongong, Australia and in 2010 was awarded an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship.

Simon P. Turner obtained his PhD at the University of Adelaide in 1991. Currently he holds an ARC Professorial Fellowship in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia where he specializes in the application of U-series isotopes to constraining the time scales of Earth processes with particular emphasis on subduction zone magmatism.

James A. Van Orman is an Associate Professor in Geological Sciences at Case Western Reserve University.  He was awarded a PhD in geochemistry at MIT and undertook postdoctoral research in mineral physics and geochemistry at the Carnegie Institution of Washington.  His research is centered on diffusion in minerals and melts, with current interests in deep planetary rheology, chemical exchange processes, and geochronology.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors.

Introduction to the Timescales of Magmatic Processes (Anthony Dosseto, Simon P. Turner, Fidel Costa and James A. Van Orman).

1 Extinct Radionuclides and the Earliest Differentiation of the Earth and Moon (G. Caro and T. Kleine).

2 Diffusion Constraints on Rates of Melt Production in the Mantle (James A. Van Orman and Alberto E. Saal).

3 Melt Production in the Mantle: Constraints from U-series (Bernard Bourdon and Tim Elliott).

4 Formulations for Simulating the Multiscale Physics of Magma Ascent (Craig O'Neill and Marc Spiegelman).

5 Melt Transport from the Mantle to the Crust – Uranium-Series Isotopes (Simon P. Turner and Bernard Bourdon).

6 Rates of Magma Ascent: Constraints from Mantle-Derived Xenoliths (Suzanne Y. O'Reilly and W.L. Griffin).

7 Time Constraints from Chemical Equilibration in Magmatic Crystals (Fidel Costa and Daniel Morgan).

8 Magma Cooling and Differentiation – Uranium-series Isotopes (Anthony Dosseto and Simon P. Turner).

9 Defining Geochemical Signatures and Timescales of Melting Processes in the Crust: An Experimental Tale of Melt Segregation, Migration and Emplacement (Tracy Rushmer and Kurt Knesel).

10 Timescales Associated with Large Silicic Magma Bodies (Olivier Bachmann).

11 Timescales of Magma Degassing (Kim Berlo, James E. Gardner and Jonathan D. Blundy).

Index.

Colour plates.