Tissue Stem Cells

by Potten; Christopher S.

• ISBN13: 9780824728991
• ISBN10: 0824728998
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-04-24
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Tissue stem cells and their medical applications have become a major focus of research over the past decade. With 16 full-color illustrations, this reference provides a thorough and up-to-date overview of the current and emerging technologies for stem cell research and transplantation. Divided into three sections covering general issues, adult stem cells within specific tissues, and clinical applications, this source studies advances in bone marrow transplantation, cancer development modeling, tumor analysis, and gene therapy.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Contributors	xi
Mathematical Modeling of Stem Cells: A Complexity Primer for the Stem-Cell Biologist	1	(16)
Mark d'Inverno
Neil Theise
Jane Prophet
Introduction	1	(4)
Emergence	5	(2)
Complex Adaptive Systems with Multiple Interacting Agents	7	(1)
Modeling Stem Cells and Cell Lineages as Complex Adaptive Systems	8	(5)
Ramifications for Current Thinking	13	(1)
Conclusion	13	(1)
References	14	(3)
Theoretical Concepts of Tissue Stem-Cell Organization	17	(20)
Ingo Roeder
Joerg Galle
Markus Loeffler
Introduction	17	(1)
Defining Tissue Stem Cells	18	(1)
Conceptual Challenges in Tissue Stem-Cell Biology	18	(1)
Predictive Theories and Quantitative Models	19	(1)
A New Perspective on Stem-Cell Systems	20	(2)
Modeling of the Dynamics of Clonal Competition in Hematopoietic Stem Cells	22	(4)
Spatio-Temporal Stem-Cell Organization	26	(3)
Conceptual Novelty and Achievements	29	(3)
References	32	(5)
Mechanisms of Genetic Fidelity in Mammalian Adult Stem Cells	37	(18)
James L. Sherley
Evolution of Mechanisms of Mammalian Tissue Cell Genetic Fidelity: The Needs of a Few	37	(2)
An Exact Definition for the Long-Lived Nature of ASCs	39	(1)
Mutagenesis Mechanisms in ASCs	40	(1)
Immortal DNA Strand Co-Segregation and a Carpenter's Rule for Genetic Fidelity in ASCs	41	(2)
Implications of the Carpenter's Rule for ASC Aging, Cell Kinetics, and DNA Repair Functions	43	(2)
Estimation of the Mutation-Avoidance Effect of an Immortal DNA Strand Mechanism in ASCs	45	(2)
Evidence for Immortal DNA Strand Co-Segregation in ASCs	47	(5)
References	52	(3)
Neural Stem Cells: Isolation and Self-Renewal	55	(16)
Hideyuki Okano
Jun Kohyama
Hiroyuki Ohba
Masanori Sakaguchi
Akinori Tokunaga
Takuya Shimazaki
Hirotaka James Okano
Introduction	55	(1)
In Vivo Localization of NSCs	55	(5)
Control of the Self-Renewal and Differentiation of NSCs	60	(6)
Conclusion and Perspectives	66	(1)
References	66	(5)
Stem Cells in Mammary Epithelium	71	(18)
Gilbert H. Smith
Robert B. Clarke
Introduction	71	(1)
Aging and Reproductive Senescence	72	(1)
In Vitro Studies	72	(4)
Mammary Stem-Cell Markers	76	(6)
Mammary Stem Cells in Carcinogenesis	82	(2)
Pregnancy and Breast Cancer Risk	84	(1)
Future Prospects	84	(1)
References	85	(4)
Lineage Tracking, Regulation, and Behaviors of Intestinal Stem Cells	89	(28)
Melissa H. Wong
Adnan Z. Rizvi
Introduction	89	(1)
Intestinal Epithelium	89	(7)
Lineage Tracking as an Approach to Understanding the Stem-Cell Behavior	96	(5)
Tracking Stem-Cell Fate Through Understanding What Regulates Their Proliferation and Differentiation	101	(8)
Identifying Markers for Intestinal Stem Cells	109	(2)
Conclusion	111	(1)
References	111	(6)
Stem Cell Populations in Skin	117	(32)
Richard P. Redvers
Pritinder Kaur
Introduction	117	(18)
Conclusion	135	(1)
References	135	(14)
A Perspective on In Vitro Clonogenic Keratinocytes: A Window into the Regulation of the Progenitor Cell Compartment of the Cutaneous Epithelium	149	(12)
Rebecca J. Morris
Introduction	149	(1)
Cutaneous Epithelium as a Continually Renewing Tissue Containing In Vitro Clonogenic Keratinocytes	149	(1)
Functional Evidence of Stem Cells in Epidermis and Hair Follicles	150	(7)
In Mice, Keratinocyte Colony Number is Genetically Defined and Quantitatively Complex	157	(1)
Keratinocyte Colony Size is Also Genetically Defined	158	(1)
Summary	159	(1)
References	159	(2)
Hepatic Stem Cells and the Liver's Maturational Lineages: Implications for Liver Biology, Gene Expression, and Cell Therapies	161	(54)
Eva Schmelzer
Randall E. McClelland
Aloa Melhem
Lili Zhang
Hsin-lei Yao
Eliane Wauthier
William S. Turner
Mark E. Furth
David Gerber
Sanjeev Gupta
Lola M. Reid
The Liver as a Maturational Lineage System	161	(7)
General Comments on Stem Cells	168	(1)
Hepatic Stem Cells	169	(14)
Gene Expression	183	(5)
Reconstitution of Liver by Cell Transplantation	188	(5)
Liver Cell Therapies---Clinical Programs	193	(5)
Conclusion	198	(1)
References	199	(16)
Multistage Carcinogenesis: From Intestinal Stem Cell to Colon Cancer in the Population	215	(14)
E. Georg Luebeck
Introduction	215	(2)
A Biologically Based Multistage Model for Colon Cancer	217	(4)
Adenomatous Polyps---Observations and Model Predictions	221	(4)
Summary	225	(1)
References	226	(3)
Intestinal Stem Cells and the Development of Colorectal Neoplasia	229	(42)
Stuart A. C. McDonald
Trevor Graham
Christopher S. Potten
Nicholas A. Wright
Ian P. M. Tomlinson
Andrew G. Renehan
Introduction	229	(1)
Basic Structure and Function of the Intestinal Crypt	230	(4)
Stem-Cell Hierarchy	234	(2)
Crypt Clonality	236	(2)
Intestinal Stem-Cell Repertoire	238	(1)
The Concept of Stemness and ``Immortal'' DNA Strands	239	(3)
Molecular Regulation of Normal Intestinal Crypt Homeostasis	242	(8)
Early Molecular Events in Colorectal Tumorigenesis	250	(2)
Intestinal Stem Cells and the Origin of Colorectal Cancer	252	(1)
Colorectal Tumor Morphogenesis	253	(3)
Clinical Implications and Future Directions	256	(2)
Summary	258	(1)
References	259	(12)
Stem Cells in Neurodegeneration and Injury	271	(34)
Reaz Vawda
Nigel L. Kennea
Huseyin Mehmet
Introduction	271	(1)
Stem Cells	272	(13)
The Use of Stem Cells in Brain Disease and Injury	285	(8)
Future Perspectives	293	(1)
References	293	(12)
Adult Stem Cells and Gene Therapy	305	(34)
Ilaria Bellantuono
Leslie J. Fairbairn
Introduction	305	(1)
Adult Stem Cells for Gene Therapy	306	(4)
Gene Delivery	310	(5)
Hurdles to Stem-Cell Gene Therapy	315	(6)
Conclusion	321	(1)
References	322	(17)
Clinical Applications of Hematopoietic Stem Cells	339	(50)
Joanne Ewing
Yvonne Summers
Introduction	339	(1)
Clinical Use of HSCs in Transplantation	339	(2)
Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation	341	(2)
ASCT: Malignant Diseases	343	(8)
ASCT: Nonmalignant Diseases	351	(2)
Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation	353	(4)
Specific Clinical Indications for Allogeneic Transplant	357	(6)
Cord Blood Transplantation	363	(9)
Conclusion	372	(1)
References	373	(16)
Index	389