Foreword | |
Acknowledgments | |
Preface | |
List of Tables | |
List of Figures | |
Conceptualizing Phenomena | |
The Evaluative Bias of Language: To Describe Is to Prescribe | |
The Reification Error: Comparing Apples and Existentialism | |
Multiple Levels of Description: The Simultaneity of Physical and Psychological Events | |
The Nominal Fallacy and Tautologous Reasoning: To Name Something Isn't to Explain It | |
Differentiating Dichotomous Variables and Continuous Variables: Black and White, or Shades of Grey? | |
Consider the Opposite: To Contrast Is to Define | |
The Similarity-Uniqueness Paradox: All Phenomena Are Both Similar and Different | |
The Naturalistic Fallacy: Blurring the Line Between "Is" and "Should." | |
The Barnum Effect: "One-Size-Fits-All" Personality Interpretations | |
Explaining Phenomena | |
Correlation Does Not Prove Causation: Confusing "What" With "Why." | |
Bi-Directional Causation: Causal Loops, Healthy Spirals, and Vicious Cycles | |
Multiple Causation: Not "Either/Or," But "Both/And." | |
Degrees of Causation: Not All Causes Are Created Equal | |
Multiple Pathways of Causation: Different Causes, Same Effects | |
Common Misattributions | |
The Fundamental Attribution Error: Underestimating the Impact of External Influences | |
The Intervention-Causation Fallacy: The Cure Doesn't Prove the Cause | |
The Consequence-Intentionality Fallacy: The Effect Doesn't Prove the Intent | |
The "If I Feel It, It Must Be True" Fallacy: The Truth Hurts But So Do Lies | |
The Spectacular Explanation Fallacy: Extraordinary Events Do Not Require Extraordinary Causes | |
Investigating Phenomena | |
Deductive and Inductive Reasoning: Two Methods of Inference | |
Reactivity: To Observe Is to Disturb | |
The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: When Expectations Create Reality | |
The Assimilation Bias: Viewing the World Through Schema-Colored Glasses | |
The Confirmation Bias: Ye Shall Find Only What Ye Shall Seek | |
The Belief Perseverance Effect: The Rat Is Always Right | |
The Hindsight Bias: Predicting a Winner After the Race Is Finished | |
Other Biases And Fallacies In Thinking | |
The Representativeness Bias: Fits and Misfits of Categorization | |
The Availability Bias: The Persuasive Power of Vivid Events | |
The Insight Fallacy: To Understand Something Isn't Necessarily to Change It | |
Conclusions | |
Every Decision Is a Trade-Off: Take Stock of Pluses and Minuses | |
Epilogue: Concluding Meta-Metathoughts | |
Metathoughts Summary and Antidote Table | |
"Pervasive Labeling Disorder." | |
Selected Answers to Chapter Exercises | |
Glossary of Terms | |
References | |
Name Index | |
Subject Index | |
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