Tort Law And Alternatives

by Franklin, Marc A.

• ISBN13: 9781599410357
• ISBN10: 1599410354
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-04-30
• Publisher: Foundation Pr

Summary

Tort law remains a dynamic field, subject to constant refinement and rethinking. The new Eighth Edition reflects these evolving developments in recent case law and legislative activity, as well as commentary ranging from the ongoing Third Restatement of Torts (Physical Harm) project to the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund. The principal focus of this book is the law of negligence, strict liability, and no-fault as alternative approaches to compensating the victims of accidental harm and creating optimal incentives to safety. This leading casebook covers all major aspects of tort law with expertly edited cases, and original text. It also includes detailed discussions of liability, causation, defamation, privacy, damages, insurance, and tort alternatives.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Eighth Edition	v
Acknowledgments	vii
Table of Cases	xxiii
Introduction to Tort Liability	1	(30)
Prologue	1	(1)
When Should Unintended Injury Result in Liability?	2	(7)
Hammontree v. Jenner	3	(3)
Notes and Questions	6	(3)
The Litigation Process	9	(8)
The Parties and Vicarious Liability	17	(14)
Christensen v. Swenson	18	(4)
Notes and Questions	22	(2)
Roessler v. Novak	24	(4)
Notes and Questions	28	(3)
The Negligence Principle	31	(101)
Historical Development of Fault Liability	31	(8)
Tort Law and the Economy in Nineteenth Century America: A Reinterpretation	32	(2)
Notes and Questions	34	(1)
Brown v. Kendall	35	(3)
Notes and Questions	38	(1)
The Central Concept	39	(21)
The Standard of Care	39	(1)
Adams v. Bullock	40	(1)
Notes and Questions	41	(3)
United States v. Carroll Towing Co.	44	(1)
Notes and Questions	45	(5)
The Reasonable Person	50	(1)
Bethel v. New York City Transit Authority	50	(2)
Notes and Questions	52	(8)
The Roles of Judge and Jury	60	(26)
In General	60	(1)
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. v. Goodman	60	(1)
Notes and Questions	61	(1)
Pokora v. Wabash Railway Co.	62	(2)
Notes and Questions	64	(2)
Andrews v. United Airlines, Inc.	66	(2)
Notes and Questions	68	(1)
The Role of Custom	69	(1)
Trimarco v. Klein	69	(3)
Notes and Questions	72	(3)
The Role of Statutes	75	(1)
Martin v. Herzog	75	(2)
Notes and Questions	77	(1)
Tedla v. Ellman	78	(2)
Notes and Questions	80	(6)
Proof of Negligence	86	(24)
Negri v. Stop and Shop, Inc.	87	(1)
Gordon v. American Museum of Natural History	88	(1)
Notes and Questions	89	(3)
Byrne v. Boadle	92	(2)
Notes and Questions	94	(1)
McDougald v. Perry	95	(3)
Notes and Questions	98	(4)
Ybarra v. Spangard	102	(5)
Notes and Questions	107	(3)
The Special Case of Medical Malpractice	110	(22)
Sheeley v. Memorial Hospital	111	(4)
Notes and Questions	115	(4)
States v. Lourdes Hospital	119	(3)
Notes and Questions	122	(1)
Matthies v. Mastromonaco	123	(4)
Notes and Questions	127	(5)
The Duty Requirement: Physical Injuries	132	(132)
Introduction	132	(1)
Affirmative Obligations to Act	133	(42)
Harper v. Herman	134	(2)
Notes and Questions	136	(4)
Farwell v. Keaton	140	(3)
Notes and Questions	143	(5)
Randi W. v. Muroc Joint Unified School District	148	(7)
Notes and Questions	155	(2)
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California	157	(5)
Notes and Questions	162	(6)
Uhr v. East Greenbush Central School District	168	(4)
Notes and Questions	172	(3)
Policy Bases for Invoking No Duty	175	(20)
Strauss v. Belle Realty Co.	176	(4)
Notes and Questions	180	(3)
Reynolds v. Hicks	183	(3)
Notes and Questions	186	(2)
Vince v. Wilson	188	(3)
Notes and Questions	191	(4)
The Duties of Landowners and Occupiers	195	(23)
Carter v. Kinney	195	(2)
Notes and Questions	197	(4)
Heins v. Webster County	201	(5)
Notes and Questions	206	(5)
Posecai v. Wal--Mart Stores, Inc.	211	(5)
Notes and Questions	216	(2)
Intrafamily Duties	218	(11)
Broadbent v. Broadbent	219	(6)
Notes and Questions	225	(4)
Governmental Entities	229	(35)
Municipal and State Liability	230	(1)
Riss v. City of New York	230	(4)
Notes and Questions	234	(6)
Lauer v. City of New York	240	(5)
Notes and Questions	245	(2)
Friedman v. State of New York	247	(3)
Notes and Questions	250	(1)
The Federal Tort Claims Act	251	(1)
Cope v. Scott	252	(7)
Notes and Questions	259	(5)
The Duty Requirement: Nonphysical Harm	264	(75)
Emotional Harm	264	(41)
Falzone v. Busch	264	(4)
Notes and Questions	268	(5)
Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company v. Buckley	273	(5)
Notes and Questions	278	(3)
Gammon v. Osteopathic Hospital of Maine, Inc.	281	(2)
Notes and Questions	283	(3)
Portee v. Jaffee	286	(4)
Notes and Questions	290	(5)
Johnson v. Jamaica Hospital	295	(3)
Notes and Questions	298	(7)
Economic Harm	305	(21)
Nycal Corporation v. KPMG Peat Marwick LLP	306	(4)
Notes and Questions	310	(7)
Madison Avenue Gourmet Foods, Inc. v. Finlandia Center, Inc.	317	(5)
Notes and Questions	322	(4)
Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Life	326	(13)
Emerson v. Magendantz	326	(6)
Notes and Questions	332	(7)
Causation	339	(101)
Cause in Fact	339	(30)
Basic Doctrine	339	(1)
Stubbs v. City of Rochester	340	(4)
Notes and Questions	344	(3)
Zuchowicz v. United States	347	(7)
Notes and Questions	354	(6)
Alberts v. Schultz	360	(6)
Notes and Questions	366	(3)
Introduction to Joint and Several Liability	369	(6)
Multiple Defendants	375	(26)
Summers v. Tice	375	(2)
Notes and Questions	377	(2)
Hymowitz v. Eli Lilly & Co.	379	(8)
Notes and Questions	387	(5)
The Special Case of Toxic Harms	392	(1)
Environmental Liability and the Tort System	392	(3)
Notes and Questions	395	(6)
Proximate Cause	401	(39)
Unexpected Harm	401	(1)
Benn v. Thomas	401	(2)
Notes and Questions	403	(3)
In re an Arbitration Between Polemis and Another and Furness, Withy & Co., Ltd.	406	(2)
Notes and Questions	408	(1)
Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Ltd. v. Morts Dock & Engineering Co., Ltd. (The Wagon Mound)	409	(3)
Notes and Questions	412	(4)
Superseding Causes	416	(1)
Doe v. Manheimer	416	(7)
Notes and Questions	423	(2)
Unexpected Victim	425	(1)
Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co.	425	(8)
Notes and Questions	433	(7)
Defenses	440	(66)
The Plaintiff's Fault	440	(26)
Contributory Negligence	440	(5)
Comparative Negligence	445	(2)
Uniform Comparative Fault Act	447	(2)
Iowa Code Chapter 668	449	(1)
Notes and Questions	450	(9)
Fritts v. McKinne	459	(3)
Notes and Questions	462	(1)
Avoidable Consequences	463	(3)
Assumption of Risk	466	(30)
Express Agreements	466	(1)
Dalury v. S--K--I, Ltd.	467	(4)
Notes and Questions	471	(4)
Implied Assumption of Risk	475	(1)
Murphy v. Steeplechase Amusement Co.	475	(2)
Notes and Questions	477	(5)
Davenport v. Cotton Hope Plantation Horizontal Property Regime	482	(4)
Notes and Questions	486	(4)
Levandoski v. Cone	490	(5)
Notes and Questions	495	(1)
Pre-emption	496	(10)
Geier v. American Honda Motor Company, Inc.	497	(6)
Notes and Questions	503	(3)
Strict Liability	506	(44)
Doctrinal Development	506	(23)
Fletcher v. Rylands	506	(3)
Notes and Questions	509	(2)
Rylands v. Fletcher	511	(1)
Notes and Questions	512	(2)
Sullivan v. Dunham	514	(3)
Notes and Questions	517	(2)
Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad Co. v. American Cyanamid Co.	519	(6)
Notes and Questions	525	(4)
Theoretical Perspectives	529	(21)
The Ideology of Enterprise Liability	529	(4)
Notes and Questions	533	(1)
A Goals-Oriented Approach to Strict Tort Liability for Abnormally Dangerous Activities	534	(6)
Notes and Questions	540	(5)
Economic Analysis of Law	545	(4)
Notes and Questions	549	(1)
Liability for Defective Products	550	(119)
Introduction	550	(17)
MacPherson v. Buick Motor Co.	550	(4)
Notes and Questions	554	(2)
Escola v. Coca Cola Bottling Co. of Fresno	556	(4)
Notes and Questions	560	(7)
Manufacturing Defects	567	(2)
Design Defects	569	(26)
Soule v. General Motors Corporation	571	(6)
Notes and Questions	577	(7)
Camacho v. Honda Motor Co., Ltd.	584	(6)
Notes and Questions	590	(5)
Safety Instructions and Warnings	595	(25)
Hood v. Ryobi America Corp.	596	(3)
Notes and Questions	599	(8)
Edwards v. Basel Pharmaceuticals	607	(3)
Notes and Questions	610	(2)
Vassallo v. Baxter Healthcare Corporation	612	(2)
Notes and Questions	614	(6)
Defenses	620	(8)
General Motors Corporation v. Sanchez	620	(4)
Notes and Questions	624	(4)
Work-Related Injuries	628	(20)
Jones v. Ryobi, Ltd.	629	(3)
Notes and Questions	632	(1)
Liriano v. Hobart Corp.	633	(5)
Notes and Questions	638	(6)
Enterprise Responsibility for Personal Injury Vol. II Approaches to Legal and Institutional Change	644	(4)
Beyond Products?	648	(7)
Royer v. Catholic Medical Center	648	(3)
Notes and Questions	651	(4)
The Intersection of Tort and Contract	655	(14)
East River Steamship Corp. v. Transamerica Delaval Inc.	656	(5)
Notes and Questions	661	(8)
Trespass and Nuisance	669	(29)
Trespass	669	(7)
Martin v. Reynolds Metals Co.	670	(4)
Notes and Questions	674	(2)
Nuisance	676	(22)
Public Nuisance	676	(4)
Private Nuisance	680	(2)
Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co.	682	(6)
Notes and Questions	688	(10)
Damages and Insurance	698	(109)
Damages	698	(64)
Compensatory Damages	698	(1)
Seffert v. Los Angeles Transit Lines	699	(7)
Notes and Questions	706	(12)
McDougald v. Garber	718	(6)
Notes and Questions	724	(8)
Arambula v. Wells	732	(4)
Notes and Questions	736	(3)
Punitive Damages	739	(1)
Taylor v. Superior Court	740	(4)
Notes and Questions	744	(5)
State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell	749	(9)
Notes and Questions	758	(4)
Introduction to Insurance	762	(45)
Loss Insurance, Collateral Sources and Subrogation	771	(1)
Frost v. Porter Leasing Corp	772	(4)
Notes and Questions	776	(3)
The Collateral Source Rule and Loss Allocation in Tort Law	779	(2)
Notes and Questions	781	(3)
Liability Insurance	784	(6)
The Impact of Insurance on Tort Litigation	790	(1)
Lalomia v. Bankers & Shippers Insurance Co.	790	(2)
Notes and Questions	792	(6)
Pavia v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co.	798	(5)
Notes and Questions	803	(4)
A Survey of Alternatives	807	(77)
Incremental Tort Reform	809	(7)
Occupational Injuries---Workers' Compensation	816	(23)
Workers' Compensation: Strengthening The Social Compact	816	(13)
Notes and Questions	829	(5)
New York Workers' Compensation Law	834	(4)
Note On Railroad And Maritime Workers	838	(1)
Motor Vehicle Injuries	839	(22)
The Past	839	(4)
The New York Experience	843	(2)
New York Insurance Law	845	(7)
Notes and Questions	852	(9)
Focused No--Fault Schemes	861	(16)
The Renaissance Of Accident Law Plans Revisited	861	(8)
Notes and Questions	869	(8)
Comprehensive No--Fault and Beyond	877	(7)
Intentional Harm	884	(88)
Basic Doctrine	885	(64)
Intent	885	(1)
Garratt v. Dailey	885	(3)
Notes and Questions	888	(3)
Assault and Battery	891	(1)
Picard v. Barry Pontiac--Buick, Inc.	891	(2)
Notes and Questions	893	(1)
Wishnatsky v. Huey	894	(3)
Notes and Questions	897	(5)
False Imprisonment	902	(1)
Lopez v. Winchell's Donut House	902	(3)
Notes and Questions	905	(3)
Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress	908	(2)
Womack v. Eldridge	910	(3)
Notes and Questions	913	(9)
McDermott v. Reynolds	922	(3)
Notes and Questions	925	(1)
Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Falwell	926	(4)
Notes and Questions	930	(1)
Defenses and Privileges	931	(1)
Hart v. Geysel	931	(2)
Notes and Questions	933	(1)
Courvoisier v. Raymond	934	(3)
Notes and Questions	937	(1)
Katko v. Briney	937	(5)
Notes and Questions	942	(1)
Vincent v. Lake Erie Transportation Co.	943	(3)
Notes and Questions	946	(3)
Government Liability	949	(23)
The Federal Civil Rights Action	949	(7)
Wilson v. Layne	956	(6)
Notes and Questions	962	(5)
Liability of Federal Officials	967	(5)
Defamation	972	(149)
Common Law Background	972	(55)
What Is Defamatory?	972	(1)
Romaine v. Kallinger	973	(3)
Notes and Questions	976	(7)
Matherson v. Marchello	983	(1)
Notes and Questions	984	(3)
``Of and Concerning'' Plaintiff	987	(2)
Strict Liability	989	(1)
Damages: Libel and Slander	990	(1)
Matherson v. Marchello	991	(1)
Notes and Questions	992	(1)
Liberman v. Gelstein	993	(3)
Notes and Questions	996	(1)
Defenses	997	(3)
Liberman v. Gelstein	1000	(2)
Notes and Questions	1002	(5)
Medico v. Time, Inc.	1007	(6)
Notes and Questions	1013	(3)
Burnett v. National Enquirer, Inc.	1016	(3)
Notes and Questions	1019	(2)
Carafano v. Metrosplash.com, Inc.	1021	(5)
Notes and Questions	1026	(1)
Constitutional Limitations on Defamation	1027	(94)
Public Officials	1028	(1)
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan	1028	(10)
Notes and Questions	1038	(3)
Public Figures	1041	(1)
The ``Actual Malice'' Standard	1042	(9)
Private Plaintiffs	1051	(1)
Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.	1052	(11)
Notes and Questions	1063	(7)
The Public-Private Distinction	1070	(5)
Wells v. Liddy	1075	(9)
Notes and Questions	1084	(2)
The Defendant as Commentator	1086	(2)
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co.	1088	(4)
Notes and Questions	1092	(1)
Flamm v. American Association of University Women	1092	(7)
Notes and Questions	1099	(5)
The Press as Repeater	1104	(1)
Khawar v. Globe International, Inc.	1104	(8)
Notes and Questions	1112	(3)
Reform Proposals	1115	(6)
Protecting Privacy	1121	(108)
Public Disclosure of Private Facts	1123	(35)
State Tort Analysis	1123	(1)
Haynes v. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.	1124	(4)
Notes and Questions	1128	(5)
Constitutional Privilege	1133	(2)
The Florida Star v. B.J.F.	1135	(10)
Notes and Questions	1145	(4)
Humphers v. First Interstate Bank Of Oregon	1149	(5)
Notes and Questions	1154	(4)
False Light Privacy	1158	(9)
Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing Co.	1159	(3)
Notes and Questions	1162	(5)
Intrusion	1167	(41)
Nader v. General Motors Corp.	1167	(6)
Notes and Questions	1173	(4)
Galella v. Onassis	1177	(2)
Notes and Questions	1179	(2)
Desnick v. American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.	1181	(5)
Notes and Questions	1186	(2)
Shulman v. Group W Productions, Inc.	1188	(9)
Notes and Questions	1197	(1)
Bartnicki v. Vopper	1197	(10)
Notes and Questions	1207	(1)
Appropriation	1208	(21)
Zacchini v. Scripps--Howard Broadcasting Co.	1209	(5)
Notes and Questions	1214	(1)
Winter v. DC Comics	1215	(6)
Notes and Questions	1221	(8)
Intentional Economic Harm	1229	(58)
Misrepresentation	1229	(24)
Introduction	1229	(2)
Deceit	1231	(5)
Ollerman v. O'Rourke Co., Inc.	1236	(9)
Notes and Questions	1245	(8)
Interference with Contract	1253	(7)
Imperial Ice Co. v. Rossier	1253	(2)
Notes and Questions	1255	(5)
Interference With Prospective Economic Advantage	1260	(17)
Della Penna v. Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.	1260	(8)
Notes and Questions	1268	(9)
Contract and Tort In The Economic Sphere	1277	(10)
All-Tech Telecom, Inc. v. Amway Corp	1277	(5)
Notes and Questions	1282	(5)
Index	1287