Tourism and Climate Change Risks and Opportunities

by Becken, Susanne; Hay, John E.

• ISBN13: 9781845410667
• ISBN10: 1845410661
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-08-17
• Publisher: Channel View Publications

Summary

Both risks and opportunities arise from the many and increasingly important interactions between tourism and climate. Tourism and Climate Change is not only highly relevant to individuals with an interest in tourism operations and management but also to those keen to explore the links between tourism and the technical and policy dimensions of climate change mitigation and adaptation. The book compiles and critically analyses the latest knowledge in this field of study, making it accessible to tourism practitioners and other stakeholders in the future health and vitality of the tourism industry.

Author Biography

Susanne Becken is a Principal Research Officer at Lincoln University in the field of Sustainable Tourism. Until recently she was a Research Leader with Land care Research, New Zealand, where most of this book has been written. Susanne led a government-funded project on travel behaviour and greenhouse gas emissions from international tourists. She has also completed a range of consultancy work in the areas of energy efficiency, climate change, and relating policies. At present Susanne is the lead consultant in a UNWTO project on climate change and tourism in Fiji. She is a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Sustainable Tourism and acts as a contributing author to the 4th Assessment Report of the intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. She also represents Oceania/Southeast Asia on the WMO expert team on climate and tourism. John E. Hay has nearly 40 years of experience in academia, the private sector and governmental organisations, with a focus on bringing an Interdisciplinary approach to the environmental sciences, to technical and policy-relevant assessments and to professional training in environmental science, engineering, technology, law, policy and management. John has extensive international experience as a climate scientist, including acting as lead author in the latest three assessments conducted by the intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Currently John works as a consultant and advisor to many national governments and regional and intentional organisations, including the United Nations Development Programme, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the United Nations Environment Programme. John is also the lead consultant in a UNWTO project on climate change and tourism in the Maldives.

Table of Contents

Illustrative material	p. vii
Abbreviations	p. xiii
Acknowledgements	p. xv
Preface	p. xvii
	p. 1
The Tourism-Climate System	p. 6
Introduction	p. 7
The Tourism System	p. 10
The Climate System	p. 16
Examples of Tourism-Climate Interactions	p. 20
Conclusions	p. 34
Case Studies of the Tourism-Climate System	p. 35
Introduction	p. 36
Climate Change and Tourism in Alpine Europe	p. 36
Climate Change and Tourism in Small Island Countries	p. 45
Insurance, Climate Change and Tourism	p. 59
International Aviation	p. 71
Conclusions	p. 81
An Overview of Tourism	p. 83
Introduction	p. 84
Who Is a Tourist and What Is Tourism?	p. 86
Tourist Destinations-Main Global Tourist Flows	p. 88
Economic Importance of Tourism	p. 90
Observed Tourism Trends	p. 97
Conclusions	p. 114
Global and Regional Climate Change	p. 116
Introduction	p. 117
The Causes of Global Climate Change	p. 117
Climate Variability and Extremes	p. 119
Atmospheric Ozone and Climate Change	p. 125
Futures for Climate and Tourism	p. 126
Uncertainties, Abrupt Climate Change and 'Surprises'	p. 140
Conclusions	p. 143
Methodologies for Greenhouse Gas Accounting	p. 144
Introduction	p. 145
Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions	p. 145
Accounting Framework	p. 150
Bottom-up Analysis of Tourism Industries	p. 152
Bottom-up Analysis of Tourist Travel Behaviour	p. 161
Top-down Analysis	p. 165
Conclusions	p. 171
Climate Change Mitigation Measures	p. 173
Introduction	p. 174
Transport	p. 176
Tourism Businesses	p. 203
Carbon Compensation Projects for Tourism	p. 217
Conclusions	p. 221
Climate Change-related Risks and Adaptation	p. 223
Introduction	p. 224
Overview of Adaptation	p. 225
A Risk-based Approach to Adaptation by the Tourism Sector	p. 228
Characterisation and Management of Climate Change-related Risks to Tourism	p. 229
Conclusions	p. 260
Climate Change Policies and Practices for Tourism	p. 261
Introduction	p. 262
Global Context	p. 263
Underlying Policy Principles	p. 272
Business Practices and Managing Climate Change	p. 278
National Policy Making	p. 283
Conclusions	p. 299
Conclusion	p. 301
References	p. 306
Index	p. 328
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