Tourism Policy and Planning

by Edgell, Sr.,David

• ISBN13: 9780750685573
• ISBN10: 0750685573
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2011-08-15
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

For many communities and countries throughout the world tourism is the most valuable industry. Economic changes taking place in China, India, and the United States (with almost 3 billion people, half the world?s population), for example, will have major impacts on the global tourism markets of tomorrow. Social-cultural changes in Europe, with borderless tourism crossings and a common currency, are increasing opportunities for tourism growth. East Asia and the Pacific Rim are experiencing unprecedented growth and change in tourism. From the perspective of economic policy, tourism for local communities is a vital economic development tool producing income, creating jobs, spawning new businesses, spurring economic development, promoting economic diversification, developing new products, and contributing to economic integration. If local and national governments are committed to broad based tourism policies, then tourism will provide its citizens with a higher quality of life while it generates sustained economic, environmental, and social benefits. The wellspring to future growth for tourism throughout the world is a commitment toward good policy. Governments, the private sector, and not-for-profit agencies must be the leaders in a sustainable tourism policy that transcends the economic benefits and embraces environmental and cultural interests as well. Tourism Policy and Planning: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow addresses key ingredients for positive tourism policies and planning that will lead this generation and the next toward a greater quality of life resulting from tourism growth. The aim of this book is to provide government policy-makers (at all levels), business leaders, not-for-profit executives, university professors, students, tourism industry managers, and the general public with an introduction and examination of important policy and planning issues in tourism. * The only book to integrate policy with strategic planning * Provides an international perspective on policy through case studies and analysis * Looks at the future of tourism policy development

Author Biography

David L. Edgell, Sr. is Professor and Director of the Institute for Tourism, College of Human Ecology, East Carolina University, and Consultant and President, Global Tourism Solutions, Inc., Greenville, North Carolina, USA.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
Acknowledgements	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
Tourism defined	p. 1
Tourism policy defined	p. 7
Worldwide importance of tourism	p. 9
In the global tourism context	p. 10
New challenges	p. 11
A new look at tourism policy	p. 13
Economic and non-economic benefits	p. 16
Economic and non-economic costs	p. 18
Cooperation / integration	p. 19
Balanced / comprehensive tourism policy	p. 19
Kansas Tourism Opportunities: Strategic Overview	p. 22
References	p. 35
Tourism policy issues of yesterday	p. 37
Historic perspectives	p. 37
The beginnings of modern tourism policy	p. 42
International tourism policy for the United States	p. 43
The importance of the National Tourism Policy Act of 1981	p. 47
Some reasons for a US tourism policy	p. 49
National Tourism Policy Act of 1981	p. 52
References	p. 62
Tourism policy issues for today	p. 63
Introduction and overview	p. 63
Business ethics in a tourism policy issues framework	p. 64
Types of tourism policy evaluation stages	p. 65
Formative phase tourism policy evaluation	p. 66
Development phase tourism policy evaluation	p. 67
Summative phase tourism policy evaluation	p. 68
Importance of tourism policy issues	p. 69
Tourism, regulation and public policy	p. 69
Sex tourism	p. 70
Tourism and health related issues	p. 71
Tourism and safety / security	p. 72
Space travel	p. 73
Agritourism	p. 74
Complexity of tourism policy issues	p. 75
Tourism technologies and information communication	p. 76
Tax legislation	p. 77
International development aid	p. 77
Banking loans and bonds	p. 79
Grants	p. 80
Tourism policy issues, destination management and the future - an open-ended conclusion	p. 80
Summary and conclusion	p. 81
World Hotel Link - An ICT (Information and Communication Technology) Driven Approach to Equitable and Sustainable Tourism	p. 82
Bibliography for case report 3	p. 93
Tourism as a commercial and economic activity	p. 97
Global importance	p. 100
Tourism as an economic development tool	p. 100
Demand side of tourism	p. 105
Supply side of tourism	p. 108
Coopetition	p. 109
Comparative advantage	p. 111
Employment	p. 114
Income	p. 115
Multiplier effect	p. 116
Exporting tourism	p. 118
Economic development	p. 119
Rural tourism in the United States	p. 120
Economics of tourism information	p. 122
Conclusion	p. 122
Sustainable Tourism as an Economic Development Strategy Along Coastlines (Edited for this publication)	p. 123
References	p. 138
Political and foreign policy implications of tourism	p. 141
Tourism agreements	p. 142
Intergovernmental organizations and regional industry associations	p. 143
United Nations World Tourism Organization	p. 144
World Travel and Tourism Council	p. 145
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development	p. 146
Organization of American States	p. 147
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation	p. 149
Caribbean Tourism Organization	p. 151
Southeast Tourism Society	p. 152
Tourism facilitation	p. 154
Tourism and foreign policy	p. 157
Tourism as a policy for peace	p. 158
A reason to maintain peace	p. 160
Political stability, safety and tourism	p. 160
Mutual trust and respect created by tourism	p. 163
Conclusion	p. 164
Southeast Tourism Policy Council: An Emerging Model for Federal Tourism Advocacy	p. 165
References	p. 180
Managing sustainable tourism	p. 181
Sustainable tourism - its essence	p. 183
Current trends in sustainable tourism	p. 186
The natural environment	p. 189
The built environment	p. 190
Global impact	p. 191
Planning first	p. 193
Policy and management strategy	p. 194
Benefits	p. 196
Important precepts	p. 197
The Credo	p. 198
Sustainable Ecotourism: Balancing Preservation and Economic Growth (Edited for this publication)	p. 199
References	p. 217
Education and training in tourism	p. 219
Introduction and overview	p. 219
Workforce supply and workplace demand: need for defining tourism	p. 221
Defining tourism and hospitality education and training	p. 223
Defining education, training and human resource development	p. 225
Factors contributing to the dominant role of the hospitality sector	p. 228
Human resources issues for education and training in tourism	p. 231
Need for understanding and reducing misperceptions	p. 231
Need for credibility of post-secondary education programmes	p. 233
Need for investment in human resources in tourism	p. 234
Need for education and training performance standards and accreditation processes	p. 235
Leadership role of the United Nations World Tourism Organization	p. 237
UNWTO Education Council of the Affiliate Members	p. 237
UNWTO-Themis Foundation and TedQual Program	p. 237
Need for coordinated education and training infrastructure for tourism	p. 239
Higher education and training programmes in tourism	p. 240
Hong Kong	p. 240
United States	p. 240
Canada	p. 241
Non-credit tourism training programmes	p. 241
United States	p. 241
Need for vertical and horizontal coordination among key stakeholders	p. 242
Need to understand the dynamics of a rapidly changing world and the impact on workforce development	p. 244
Importance of education and training in tourism	p. 245
BEST EN Business Enterprises for Sustainable Tourism Education Network Curriculum Development Think Tank Process	p. 247
BEST EN Think Tank V	p. 248
References	p. 254
Supplemental readings	p. 257
Affecting and influencing tourism policy	p. 189
An applied study of tourism policy influences	p. 260
Politicization of the tourism office	p. 261
Misunderstanding of tourism policy	p. 262
Increasing importance of the tourism industry	p. 262
Understanding the public decision-making process	p. 263
Influencing political decisions with information	p. 265
Conflict and compromise	p. 267
Techniques of cost-benefit analysis	p. 269
Defining the project and alternatives	p. 269
Identifying, measuring, and valuing costs and benefits of each alternative	p. 270
Calculating cost-benefit values	p. 270
Presenting the results	p. 273
Influencing political decisions with financial contributions	p. 274
Conclusion	p. 280
A Cost-Benefit Analysis for Coordinating International Visitor Information Collection and Distribution in the United States	p. 281
References	p. 295
Strategic tourism planning	p. 297
Defining strategic tourism planning	p. 299
Planning example	p. 302
Internal analysis	p. 303
External environmental scan	p. 305
Sustainable tourism's effect on planning	p. 306
Canada: An Effective Tourism Policy	p. 308
References	p. 323
Future world tourism policy issues	p. 325
Safety and security in tourism	p. 326
The impact of the world's economy on tourism	p. 330
Managing sustainable tourism responsibly	p. 331
Tourism policy and strategic planning	p. 334
Utilizing e-commerce tools in tourism	p. 335
Weblogs	p. 336
Podcasts	p. 336
Internet marketing	p. 337
Tourism education and training	p. 338
Emerging tourism markets	p. 340
Quality tourism products and experiences	p. 341
Partnerships and strategic alliances in tourism	p. 344
The impact of health issues / natural disasters / climate change on tourism	p. 346
Health issues and tourism	p. 347
Effects of natural disasters on tourism	p. 348
Climate change and tourism	p. 350
Conclusion	p. 353
United Nations World Tourism Organization Global Code of Ethics for Tourism	p. 354
References	p. 362
Appendix	p. 365
Education and Training in Tourism: An Historical View	p. 365
Agreement between the United States of America and the United Mexican States on the Development and Facilitation of Tourism	p. 383
United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement Sectoral Annexes	p. 391
Manila Declaration on World Tourism	p. 395
World Peace Through Tourism - The Columbia Charter	p. 401
Traveler Safety and Security Initiative	p. 405
Index	p. 407
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