Towards the Definition of Philosophy

by Heidegger, Martin; Sadler, Ted

• ISBN13: 9780826463159
• ISBN10: 0826463150
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-09-04
• Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic

Summary

Heidegger is widely regarded as the Twentieth Century's most original philosopher. Towards the Definition of Philosophy brings together--in their first English translation--two of his key lecture courses, The Idea of Philosophy and the Problem of Worldview and Phenomenology and Transcendental Philosophy Value, as well as the lecture, On the Nature of the University and Academic Study.

Table of Contents

Translator's Foreword	x
Publisher's Note	xii
I THE IDEA OF PHILOSOPHY AND THE PROBLEM OF WORLDVIEW
War Emergency Semester 1919
PRELIMINARY REMARKS
Science and University Reform	3	(3)
INTRODUCTION
1. Philosophy and Worldview	6	(5)
a) Worldview as Immanent Task of Philosophy	6	(1)
b) Worldview as Limit of the Critical Science of Value	7	(2)
c) The Paradox of the Problem of Worldview. Incompatibility between Philosophy and Worldview	9	(2)
PART ONE THE IDEA OF PHILOSOPHY AS PRIMORDIAL SCIENCE
Chapter One The Search for a Methodological Way
2. The Idea of Primordial Science	11	(3)
a) Idea as Definite Determination	11	(1)
b) The Circularity of the Idea of Primordial Science	12	(2)
3. The Way Out through the History of Philosophy	14	(4)
4. The Way Out through the Philosopher's Scientific Attitude of Mind	18	(2)
5. The Way Out through Inductive Metaphysics	20	(4)
Chapter Two Critique of Teleological-Critical Method
6. Knowledge and Psychology	24	(1)
7. The Axiomatic Fundamental Problem	25	(3)
8. Teleological-Critical Method of Finding Norms	28	(4)
9. The Methodological Function of Material Pregivenness	32	(3)
10. Giving of Ideals as the Core Element of Method. Misunderstanding of the Problematic Primordial Science	35	(4)
11. Investigation of the Claim to Primordial Science by the Teleological-Critical Method	39	(10)
a) Truth and Value	39	(3)
b) The Problem of Validity	42	(2)
c) The Relation between Material Pregiving and Ideal Giving. Being and the Ought	44	(5)
12. Inclusion of the Pre-Theoretical Sphere. Psychology's Sphere of Objects	49	(4)
PART TWO PHENOMENOLOGY AS PRE-THEORETICAL PRIMORDIAL SCIENCE
Chapter One Analysis of the Structure of Experience
13. The Experience of the Question: 'Is There Something?'	53	(12)
a) The Psychic Subject	53	(2)
b) The Interrogative Comportment. Various Senses of the 'There is'	55	(2)
c) The Role of the Questioner	57	(8)
14. The Environmental Experience 59
15. Comparison of Experiential Structures. Process and Event 62
Chapter Two The Problem of Presuppositions
16. The Epistemological Question of the Reality of the External World. Standpoints of Critical Realism and Idealism	65	(6)
17. The Primacy of the Theoretical. Thing-Experience (Objectification) as De-vivification	71	(9)
Chapter Three Primordial Science as Pre-Theoretical Science
18. The Circularity of Epistemology	80	(2)
19. How to Consider Environmental Experience	82	(10)
a) The Method of Descriptive Reflection (Paul Natorp)	83	(4)
b) Reconstruction as the Characteristic Moment of the Method. Subjectification and Objectification	87	(3)
c) Critique of Natorp's Method	90	(2)
20. Phenomenological Disclosure of the Sphere of Lived Experience	92	(18)
a) Objections to Phenomenological Research	93	(2)
b) Characterization of the Levels of De-vivification. The Preworldly Something and the Something of Knowability	95	(3)
c) Hermeneutical Intuition	98	(5)
II PHENOMENOLOGY AND TRANSCENDENTAL PHILOSOPHY OF VALUE
Summer Semester 1919
INTRODUCTION
Guiding Principles of the Lecture-Course	103	(5)
Aim of the Lecture-Course	108	(2)
PART ONE HISTORICAL PRESENTATION OF THE PROBLEM
Chapter One The Genesis of Philosophy of Value as the Cultural Philosophy of the Present
1. The Concept of Culture in the Philosophy of the Late Nineteenth Century	110	(6)
a) The Historical Concept of Culture. Enlightenment and Historical Consciousness	112	(3)
b) Culture as Accomplishment and Achievement	115	(1)
2. The Onset of the Problem of Value. The Overcoming of Naturalism by Lotze	116	(3)
Chapter Two Windelband's Grounding of Modern Transcendental Philosophy of Value
3. Renewal of the Kantian Philosophy. The Character of Truth as Value	119	(6)
a) The Rediscovery of the Transcendental Method by Cohen	120	(1)
b) Practical Reason as the Principle of All Principles	121	(3)
c) Philosophy of Value as Critical Philosophy of Culture	124	(1)
4. Judgement and Evaluation	125	(10)
a) The Grounding of the Distinction between Judgement and Evaluation by Brentano	125	(3)
b) Judgement and Validity (Windelband)	128	(3)
c) Windelband's Treatise on Negative Judgement: Scientific Determination of the Forms of Judgement	131	(4)
5. Contribution to the Doctrine of Categories	135	(3)
6. The Inclusion of the Problem of History in Philosophy of Value	138	(5)
a) Natural Sciences and Human Sciences. Dilthey's Founding of a Descriptive Psychology	139	(1)
b) Windelband's Distinction between Sciences of Law and Sciences of Event. Nomothetic and Idiographic Thinking	140	(3)
Chapter Three The Further Development of Value-Philosophy by Rickert
7. Historical Formation of Concepts and Scientific Knowledge. Reality as Heterogeneous Continuum	143	(3)
8. The Question Concerning the Possibility of the Science of History	146	(6)
PART TWO CRITICAL CONSIDERATIONS
9. The Influence of Phenomenology on Rickert 149
10. Guiding Principles of the Critique	152	(3)
11. Rickert's Conception of the Fundamental Epistemological Problem. The Subjective Way	155	(6)
a) Judgement and Value	155	(2)
b) Evidence and Validity	157	(2)
c) The Transcendence of the Ought	159	(2)
12. The Transcendental-Logical (Objective) Way as the Method of Grounding the Presuppositions of the Subjective Way	161	(8)
13. Considerations on Negation	169
APPENDIX I ON THE NATURE OF THE UNIVERSITY AND ACADEMIC STUDY
Summer Semester 1919
Transcript by Oskar Becker	173	(20)
APPENDIX II THE IDEA OF PHILOSOPHY AND THE PROBLEM OF WORLDVIEW
War Emergency Semester 1919
Excerpt from the Transcript by Franz-Joseph Brecht 183
Editor's Afterwords to the First and Second Editions (1987, 1999) 189
Short Glossary	193