This ground-breaking book, with a foreword by former President of Ireland (1990-1997) and UN Human Rights Commissioner (1997-2002) Mary Robinson, uniquely distils the complex issues surrounding Africa at the beginning of the 21st century.

List of Boxes, Figures and Tables

xi

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

xiii

Acknowledgements

xvii

Notes on Contributors

xviii

Foreword

xxii

Introduction

1

(1)

Camilla Toulmin

Ben Wisner

Need for a Replacement for Africa in Crisis

1

(2)

Homogenizing Complexity

3

(1)

Twenty Years on from Africa in Crisis

4

(2)

What's Happened to the Crisis since Africa in Crisis was Published?

6

(23)

Arguments Old and New

29

(4)

Signs of Success

33

(1)

Running Out of Time?

34

(1)

How Can Our Book Contribute?

35

(16)

Part I: Human Ecology

51

(102)

Land-based Livelihoods

53

(18)

Mamadou Baro

Simon Batterbury

Introduction

53

(1)

What are Rural Livelihoods?

53

(2)

Unfolding Livelihoods in West Africa

55

(2)

Two Cases

57

(8)

Conclusion

65

(6)

Fishing Livelihoods: Successful Diversification, or Sinking into Poverty?

71

(26)

Pierre Morand

Oumar Ibrahima Sy

Christophe Breuil

Introduction

71

(1)

Diverse People and Livelihoods

71

(1)

Fisheries as a Growing Livelihood Opportunity

72

(4)

The Attraction of the Fisheries Sector

76

(6)

Effects on Livelihood Security and Sustainability

82

(3)

Coping Strategies at Micro and Macro Levels

85

(7)

Conclusions

92

(5)

Urban Livelihoods

97

(16)

Jo Beall

Introduction

97

(1)

Framing Urban Livelihoods

98

(3)

Making a Living

101

(2)

Maintaining Social Networks and Urban Communities

103

(2)

Mounting Collective Action

105

(2)

Conclusions

107

(6)

The Challenge of HIV/AIDS

113

(20)

Alex de Waal

Introduction

113

(1)

HIV/AIDS and its Potentially Devastating Impacts

114

(5)

Positive Anomalies

119

(2)

Avoiding the Trap

121

(6)

Conclusion

127

(6)

Food Security

133

(20)

William G Moseley

B Ikubolajeh Logan

Introduction

133

(1)

Food Security: The Definitional Quandary

134

(1)

Vulnerability Discourse, Monitoring Practice and Food Aid

135

(6)

Description of Famine Early Warning Systems in Africa

141

(2)

Critical Assessment of Early Warning Systems in Africa

143

(3)

Recommendations for Best Practice

146

(7)

Part II: Institutional Change

153

(174)

The Global Economic Context

155

(28)

Thandika Mkandawire

Introduction

155

(1)

The Promise of Globalization and Achievements

156

(5)

The Failed Promise of Growth

161

(1)

Explaining the Poor Performance: Has Africa Adjusted?

161

(5)

Africa Maladjusted: The Low-growth Path

166

(8)

Concluding Remarks

174

(9)

Legal Frameworks

183

(22)

Ann Seidman

Robert B Seidman

Introduction

183

(1)

The Roots of African Poverty and Vulnerability

184

(3)

Can African Governments Use Law to Restructure Dysfunctional Institutions?

187

(1)

How Africans Designed Laws

188

(2)

Legislative Theory and the Use of Law for Institutional Transformation

190

(7)

Gathering the Facts

197

(4)

Summary and Conclusion

201

(4)

The Politics of Decentralization

205

(24)

Jesse C Ribot

Phil Rene Oyono

Introduction

205

(1)

Fetters on Decentralization

206

(3)

Means of Resistance: Powers Transfer and Institutional Choice

209

(7)

Conclusions

216

(13)

National Institutions for Development: The Case of Botswana

229

(36)

Abdi Ismal Samatar

Introduction

229

(3)

Theorizing the Botswana State

232

(1)

Elite Unity, Underdevelopment and State Autonomy

233

(6)

Conscious Leadership and Class Unity: The Foundation of State Capacity

239

(16)

Conclusion

255

(10)

Identity and National Governance

265

(16)

Mahmood Mamdani

The Colonial State and Legally Inscribed Identities

267

(4)

Post-colonial Dilemmas

271

(4)

Political Identity: A Methodological Consideration

275

(3)

Democracy and Institutions: A Conclusion

278

(3)

Regional Economic and Political Institutions

281

(18)

Edward Ramsamy

Introduction

281

(2)

The Southern African Development Community (SADC): A Historical Overview

283

(1)

Regional Transformations in the 1990s: Implications for SADC

284

(9)

Conclusion

293

(6)

Institutions for Conflict Resolution and Peacemaking

299

(28)

Michelle Parlevliet

Introduction

299

(1)

Human Rights and Conflict Management in Africa: Five Propositions

299

(16)

Enhancing Understanding

315

(3)

Conclusion

318

(9)

Part III: Conclusions

327

(20)

Agenda for Action

329

(18)

Abdi Samatar

Ben Wisner

Rutendo Chitiga

Thomas A. Smucker

Edna Wangui

Camilla Toulmin

Introduction

329

(2)

What African Civil Society can Do

331

(4)

What African Governments can Do

335

(3)

What Donors and International Organizations can Do

338

(3)

What Non-governmental Organizations can Do

341

(3)

Conclusion

344

(3)

Index

347

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