Trademark Law

by Lind, Robert C.

• ISBN13: 9781594601934
• ISBN10: 1594601933
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-03-01
• Publisher: Carolina Academic Press

Summary

"Unlike survey materials, this handy guide - now in its third edition - deals exclusively with trademark law, allowing for more in-depth coverage of the topic. The material is presented in a user-friendly format and describes complex concepts in an understandable manner. The guide also contains a detailed table of contents and complete tables of cases and statutes."--BOOK JACKET.

Author Biography

Robert C. Lind is a Professor of Law at Southwestern Law School.

Table of Contents

Purposes of Trademark Protection	3	(2)
Prevention of Deception in the Marketplace	3	(1)
Protection of the Mark's Informational Value	3	(1)
Bases for Trademark Protection	4	(1)
Prerequisites For Trademark Protection	5	(53)
State Common Law	5	(50)
Indicia of source of origin	5	(4)
Affixation requirement	9	(1)
Use in trade	10	(3)
Distinctiveness	13	(1)
Inherently distinctive marks	13	(3)
Descriptive terms are not immediately protectable	16	(18)
Secondary meaning	34	(6)
Generic terms	40	(7)
Deceptive terms	47	(1)
A functional mark is not protectable	47	(1)
The policy of favoring free competition	47	(1)
Definition of ``functional''	48	(1)
Mechanical functionality	49	(3)
Aesthetic functionality	52	(3)
The Lanham Act requires of nonfunctionality	55	(1)
Federal Law	55	(3)
Use in Interstate Commerce	55	(2)
Procedural matters	57	(1)
Federal Substantive Rights	57	(1)
Subject Matter Protected by Trademark	58	(5)
Types of Marks	58	(1)
Word Marks	58	(1)
Design Marks	59	(1)
Trade Dress	59	(3)
Sound Marks	62	(1)
Fragrance Marks	62	(1)
Ownership of Trademark	63	(5)
Priority of Use	63	(1)
Concurrent Use	64	(2)
Determination of Ownership	66	(2)
Federal Trademark Registration	68	(33)
There are Four Categories of Marks	68	(5)
Trademarks	68	(1)
Service marks	69	(1)
Certification marks	70	(2)
Collective marks	72	(1)
The Application Process for Registration on the Principal Register	73	(8)
Application based on actual use	73	(3)
Intent to use [``ITU''] application	76	(5)
Statutory Bars to Registration	81	(11)
Section 2(a) bars to registration	81	(1)
Absolute bar	81	(1)
Immoral or scandalous matter	81	(2)
Matter which may disparage	83	(2)
Deceptive matter	85	(1)
False connection with persons, institutions, beliefs or national symbols	86	(1)
Misleading geographical indications used on wines or spirits	87	(1)
Flag or insignia of any nation, state or municipality	87	(1)
Name, portrait or signature identifying any living individual	87	(1)
Mark likely to cause confusion	88	(2)
Descriptive or deceptively misdescriptive marks	90	(1)
Geographically descriptive marks	90	(1)
Geographically deceptively misdescriptive marks	91	(1)
Surname	91	(1)
Functional marks	92	(1)
Opposition Proceedings	92	(1)
The Appeal Process	93	(1)
Presumptions Arising From Registration on the Principal Register	94	(1)
Cancellation Proceedings	95	(1)
Maintaining the Registration	96	(4)
Section 8 Affidavit of Use	96	(1)
Incontestability	96	(4)
Renewal	100	(1)
Supplemental Register	100	(1)
Loss of Trademark Protection	101	(6)
Discontinued Use	101	(2)
Assignment in Gross	103	(2)
Licensing in Gross	105	(1)
Failure to Police	106	(1)
Genericism	107	(1)
Enforcement of Trademark Rights	107	(67)
Trademark Infringement Action For Direct Infringement	107	(66)
The elements needed to prove trademark infringement	107	(1)
Procedural considerations	107	(1)
Subject matter jurisdiction	107	(1)
Personal jurisdiction	108	(5)
Venue	113	(1)
Standing to sue	114	(1)
Possible defendants	114	(1)
Right to trial by jury	115	(1)
Defendant's use of the mark in connection with any goods or services	115	(1)
Defendant's use of the mark in commerce	115	(1)
Distinctiveness of the mark	116	(1)
Ownership of the mark	117	(1)
Likelihood of confusion	117	(1)
Introduction	117	(1)
Likelihood of confusion factors	118	(28)
Secondary confusion	146	(1)
Reverse confusion	147	(2)
Question of fact/issue of law	149	(1)
Defenses	149	(1)
Valid license	149	(1)
Statute of limitations	150	(1)
Acquiescence	151	(1)
Laches	152	(4)
Unclean hands	156	(1)
Fraud in the procurement of registration or maintenance of the trademark	156	(2)
State immunity	158	(1)
Fair use	158	(7)
First sale doctrine	165	(2)
If the mark is incontestable	167	(1)
First Amendment	168	(4)
Preemption of state laws	172	(1)
Indirect Infringement Action	173	(1)
Introduction	173	(1)
Contributory infringement	173	(1)
Vicarious infringement	174	(1)
Remedies	174	(15)
Ex Parte Seizure	174	(1)
Injunctive Relief	174	(4)
Monetary Relief	178	(10)
Introduction	178	(1)
Use of a Notice of Registration	179	(1)
Defendant's profits	179	(2)
Actual damages	181	(1)
Prejudgment interest	182	(1)
Corrective advertising	182	(1)
Monetary relief in counterfeiting cases	182	(1)
Punitive damages	183	(1)
Attorney fees	183	(4)
Costs	187	(1)
Destruction of Infringing Goods	188	(1)
Judicial Cancellation of the Mark	188	(1)
Criminal Penalties for Trademark Counterfeiting	188	(1)
Federal Unfair Competition Under § 43(a)	189	(9)
False Designation of Origin	189	(3)
Infringement of unregistered mark	189	(1)
False endorsement claims	189	(1)
False attribution claims	190	(2)
Mutilation claims	192	(1)
False Advertising and Commercial Misrepresentation	192	(6)
False and misleading statements of purported fact	192	(4)
In connection with goods or services	196	(1)
Interstate commerce	196	(1)
Commercial advertising or promotion	196	(1)
Plaintiff must prove damage	197	(1)
Consumers have no standing to sue for false advertising	197	(1)
State and local governments are immunity	198	(1)
Dilution Actions	198	(13)
State Anti-Dilution Statutes	198	(4)
Federal Dilution Action	202	(9)
Introduction	202	(1)
Elements	202	(8)
Statutory defenses	210	(1)
Remedies	211	(1)
State dilution statutes are not preempted	211	(1)
Retroactivity	211	(1)
Anti-Cybersquatting	211	(16)
Federal protection	211	(15)
State protection	226	(1)
Icann Dispute Resolution	227	(1)
Introduction	227	(1)
Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (``UDRP'')	227	(1)
ACPA and ICANN	227	(1)
Right of Publicity	227	(30)
Distinction between right of publicity and appropriation	227	(1)
Cause of action for right of publicity	228	(1)
Elements of the action for right of publicity	228	(8)
Defenses	236	(17)
Remedies	253	(2)
Descendibility	255	(1)
Duration	255	(1)
Licensing	256	(1)
Appendix A. Table of Cases	257	(44)
Appendix B. Table of Statutes	301