Traffic and Granular Flow '01

by Fukui, Minoru; Sugiyama, Yuki; Schreckenberg, Michael; Wolf, Dietrich E.

• ISBN13: 9783540402558
• ISBN10: 3540402551
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-11-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

During the last decade physicists, engineers and computer scientists have joined in an enormously fruitful dialogue about traffic and granular flow. Cars and sand grains have in common, that they interact irreversibly, which is the reason for similar jamming phenomena. The main difference is that car drivers choose their destination and route individually, while grains follow external driving forces. This book gives an overview about the progress in modelling, computer simulation, experiments and field observations, which was reached within the last two years. The contributions are based on the International Workshop Traffic and Granular Flow '01, which took place in Nagoya, 15 - 17 October 2001. Topics include a critical classification of models for highway traffic, new technological applications, friction and arching phenomena in pedestrian traffic, scale free networks and internet traffic, instabilities and fluctuations in avalanches and granular pipe flow.

Table of Contents

Welcome Address	v
Preface	vii
Contents	ix
List of Participants	xv
Traffic Models: Theory
Euler and Lagrange Representation of Traffic Models	3	(10)
K. Nishinari
Three-Phase Traffic Theory	13	(38)
B.S. Kerner
Spacing-Oriented Analytical Approach to a Middle Traffic Flow CA Model Between FI-Type and NS-Type	51	(14)
B.-H. Wang
D. Mao
L. Wang
P.M. Hui
Continuum Traffic Equations from Microscopic Car-Following Models	65	(14)
H.-W. Lee
H.K. Lee
H.Y. Lee
D. Kim
Metastable Flows in an Extended Burgers Cellular Automation Traffic Model	79	(6)
M. Fukui
K. Nishinari
D. Takahashi
Y. Ishibashi
Existence and Classification of Travelling Wave Solutions to Second Order Highway Traffic Models	85	(6)
R.E. Wilson
P. Berg
Improved Optimal Velocity Model for Traffic	91	(6)
A. Shibata
Microscopic Modeling of Synchronized Traffic	97	(6)
W. Knospe
L. Santen
A. Schadschneider
M. Schreckenberg
Limit Sets and the Rate of Convergence for One-Dimensional Cellular Automata Traffic Models	103	(6)
T. Namiki
Localized Defects in a Cellular Automaton Model for Traffic Flow with Phase Separation	109	(6)
A. Pottmeier
R. Barlovic
W. Knospe
A. Schadschneider
M. Schreckenberg
Asymmetric Optimal Velocity Model	115	(4)
A. Okumura
S. Tadaki
Chaos and Multifractality in a Time-Delay Car-Following Traffic Model	119	(8)
L.A. Safonov
E. Tomer
V.V. Strygin
Y. Ashkenazy
S. Havlin
Traffic Models: Application
Optimal Velocity Model and its Applications	127	(14)
A. Nakayama
K. Hasebe
Y. Sugiyama
Breakdown and Recovery in Traffic Flow Models	141	(14)
K. Nagel
C. Kayatz
P. Wagner
Kinetic Theory of Traffic Flows	155	(14)
E. Ben-Naim
P.L. Krapivsky
The Generalized Fundamental Diagram of Traffic and Possible Applications	169	(18)
E. Tomer
L.A. Safonov
S. Havlin
Stochastic Resonance Towards Traffic Models	187	(12)
T. Ohira
An Interpretation of a Traffic Engineer on Vehicular Traffic Flow	199	(12)
M. Koshi
Congestion Induced by Bottlenecks in Two-Lane Optimal Velocity Traffic Flow Model	211	(10)
S. Tadaki
M. Kikuchi
K. Nishinari
Y. Sugiyama
S. Yukawa
Widely Extended Optimal Velocity Model of Traffic Flow and their Linear Stability	221	(6)
K. Hasebe
A. Nakayama
Y. Sugiyama
Stability of Multi-Lane Traffic Flow	227	(8)
A. Sasoh
8-Figured Hysteresis Loop of OV Model	235	(8)
T. Nishi
D. Takahashi
Empirical Traffic Data
Observational Aspects of Japanese Highway Traffic	243	(14)
S. Yukawa
M. Kikuchi
A. Nakayama
K. Nishinari
Y. Sugiyama
S. Tadaki
Long-Term Traffic Data from Japanese Expressway	257	(6)
M. Kikuchi
A. Nakayama
K. Nishinari
Y. Sugiyama
S. Tadaki
S. Yukawa
The Local Occupation Probability Method for Evaluating Traffic Flows	263	(8)
Y. Ishibashi
M. Fukui
Telematics and Drivers' Behaviour
Cooperative Driving: Taking Telematics to the Next Level	271	(10)
R.G. Herrtwich
G. Noecker
Modeling of Vehicular Behavior from Road Traffic Engineering Perspectives	281	(12)
H. Ozaki
ITS and the Revolution of Automobiles	293	(12)
Y. Noguchi
Modelling the Impact of ACC-Systems on the Traffic Flow at Macroscopic Modelling Level	305	(14)
C. Demir
A Cellular Automaton Model for Dynamic Route Choice Behavior in Urban Roads	319	(6)
M. Fukui
T. Yosida
H. Oikawa
Experimental Investigation of Day-to-Day Route Choice Behaviour	325	(6)
R. Selten
M. Schreckenberg
T. Pitz
T. Chmura
J. Wahle
Optimal Traffic States in a Cellular Automaton Model for City Traffic	331	(6)
R. Barlovic
E. Brockfeld
A. Schadschneider
M. Schreckenberg
Traffic Flow Analysis Based on Multiagent	337	(8)
H. Tsunashima
Y. Nishi
T. Honjyo
T. Sakai
Traffic Forecast Using a Combination of On-Line Simulation and Traffic Data	345	(6)
R. Chrobok
A. Pottmeier
J. Wahle
M. Schreckenberg
On-Ramp Control	351	(6)
D. Huang
The Influence of Tollbooths on Highway Traffic	357	(8)
D. Huang
W. Huang
Networks/Internet
Packet Transport and Load Distribution in Scale-Free Networks	365	(12)
K.-I. Goh
B. Kahng
D. Kim
Phase Transition of Three-Directional Traffic-Flow in 2D Network	377	(12)
Y. Honda
Analysis of Minimal Model of Internet Traffic	389	(12)
K. Fukuda
M. Takayasu
H. Takayasu
Microscopic Modeling of Packet Transport in the Internet	401	(8)
T. Huisinga
R. Barlovic
W. Knospe
A. Schadschneider
M. Schreckenberg
Granular
Avalanches and Flow Dynamics of a Collapsing Granular Pile	409	(12)
L.C. Jia
P.-Y. Lai
C.K. Chan
Note on a Micropolar Gas-Kinetic Theory	421	(16)
H. Hayakawa
Dynamics and Structure of Granular Flow Through a Vertical Pipe	437	(12)
O. Moriyama
N. Kuroiwa
T. Isoda
T. Arai
S. Tateda
Y. Yamazaki
M. Matsushita
Asymmetric Random Average Process: Aggregation and Fragmentation on Continuous State Space	449	(6)
F. Zielen
A. Schadschneider
Shape Segregation for Bidisperse Mixtures of Ellipses in Two Dimensions	455	(6)
H.-G. Matuttis
N. Ito
H. Watanabe
Bifurcation of a Driven Granular System under Gravity	461	(6)
M. Isobe
Simulation of the Impact of an Elastic Disk	467	(6)
H. Kuninaka
H. Hayakawa
Granular Flow in Vertical Pipes: Transition from Dilute to Dense	473	(6)
M. Hou
W. Chen
T. Zhang
K. Lu
Spatial Structure of 1/f Noise in Granular Flow Through a Pipe	479	(6)
A. Nakahara
M. Nakahara
Collisional Granular Flow on a Rough Slope and its Instability	485	(6)
N. Mitarai
H. Nakanishi
H. Hayakawa
The Nature of Occurrence of Queued Flow at Capacity Bottleneck of Ordinary Section	491	(8)
T. Oguchi
Pedestrian Dynamics
Bionics-Inspired Cellular Automaton Model for Pedestrian Dynamics	499	(12)
A. Schadschneider
Critical Discussion of ``Synchronized Flow'', Simulation of Pedestrian Evacuation, and Optimization of Production Processes	511	(20)
D. Helbing
I.J. Farkas
D. Fasold
M. Treiber
T. Vicsek
Cellular Automaton Simulations of Pedestrian Dynamics and Evacuation Processes	531	(6)
A. Kirchner
A. Schadschneider
Modeling Pedestrians and Granular Flow in 2-Dimensional Optimal Velocity Models	537	(6)
Y. Sugiyama
A. Nakayama
K. Hasebe
Evacuation Analysis of Ship by Multi-Agent Simulation Using Model of Group Psychology	543	(6)
M. Katuhara
H. Matsukura
S. Ota
Comparison of an Evacuation Exercise in a Primary School to Simulation Results	549	(6)
H. Klupfel
T. Meyer-Konig
M. Schreckenberg
Simulations of Evacuation Using Small World Network	555	(8)
N. Ohio
M. Ikai
K. Nishinari
Biology
Oscillation Patterns in Cytoplasmic Networks of the Physarum Plasmodium	563	(6)
H. Yamada
T. Nakagaki
Jamming Bacterial Traffic: Bioconvection	569	(6)
I.M. Janosi
A. Czirok
D. Silhavy
A. Holczinger
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Lubricating Films	575
T. Murakami
S. Yukawa
N. Ito