Chapters are from Pierce, Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, Third Edition

1. Introduction to Genetics
1.1 Genetics Is Important to Individuals, to Society, and to the Study of Biology
1.2 Humans Have Been Using Genetics for Thousands of Years
1.3 A Few Fundamental Concepts Are Important for the Start of Our Journey into Genetics
• New Chapter Opening Story: Albinism in the Hopis
• Expanded section on model genetic organisms, using the golden mutation in zebrafish as an example

2. Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction
2.1 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Differ in a Number of Genetic Characteristics
2.2 Cell Reproduction Requires the Copying of the Genetic Material, Separation of the Copies, and Cell Division
2.3 Sexual Reproduction Produces Genetic Variation Through the Process of Meiosis
• Revised discussion of the cell cycle
• Updated coverage of the separation of sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes, including a discussion of shogoshin

3. Basic Principles of Heredity
3.1 Gregor Mendel Discovered the Basic Principles of Heredity
3.2 Monohybrid Crosses Reveal the Principle of Segregation and the Concept of Dominance
3.3 Dihybrid Crosses Reveal the Principle of Independent Assortment
3.4 Observed Ratios of Progeny May Deviate from Expected Ratios by Chance
• New Chapter Opening Story: The Genetics of Red Hair
• Five new Data Analysis Problems featuring real data from scientific papers

4. Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics
4.1 Sex Is Determined by a Number of Different Mechanisms
4.2 Sex-Linked Characteristics Are Determined by Genes on the Sex Chromosomes
Model Genetic Organism: The Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster
• Revised discussion of nondisjunction and the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
• New in-text Worked Problem
• Updated discussion of X-inactivation
• Two new Data Analysis problems featuring real data from scientific papers

5. Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles
5.1 Dominance Is Interaction Between Genes at the Same Locus
5.2 Penetrance and Expressivity Describe How Genes Are Expressed As Phenotype
5.3 Lethal Alleles May Alter Phenotypic Ratios
5.4 Multiple Alleles at a Locus Create a Greater Variety of Genotypes and Phenotypes Than Do Two Alleles
5.5 Gene Interaction Occurs When Genes at Multiple Loci Determine a Single Phenotype
5.6 Sex Influences the Inheritance and Expression of Genes in a Variety of Ways
5.7 Anticipation Is the Stronger or Earlier Expression of Traits in Succeeding Generations
5.8 The Expression of a Genotype May Be Influenced by Environmental Effects
• New Chapter Opening Story: Cuénot’s Odd Yellow Mice
• New extended example to introduce the concept of epistatsis
• New example to demonstrate recessive epistasis: Bombay phenotype
• New in-text Worked Problem
• Five new Data Analysis Problems featuring real data from scientific papers

6. Pedigree Analysis, Applications, and Genetic Testing
6.1 The Study of Genetics in Humans Is Constrained by Special Features of Human Biology and Culture
6.2 Geneticists Often Use Pedigrees to Study the Inheritance of Characteristics in Humans
6.3 Analysis of Pedigrees Requires Recognizing Patterns Associated with Different Modes of Inheritance
6.3 The Study of Twins Can Be Used to Assess the Importance of Genes and Environment on Variation in a Trait
6.4 Adoption Studies Are Another Technique for Examining the Effects of Genes and Environment on Variation in Traits
6.5 Genetic Counseling Provides Information to Those Concerned about Genetic Diseases and Traits
6.6 Genetic Testing Provides Information about the Potential for Inheriting or Developing a Genetic Condition
6.7 Comparison of Human and Chimpanzee Genomes Is Helping to Reveal Genes That Make Humans Unique
• New Chapter Opening Story: Hutchinson-Gilford Syndrome and the Secret of Aging
• New section on genes that make us human
• Six new Data Analysis Problems featuring real data from scientific papers

7. Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping
7.1 Linked Genes Do Not Assort Independently
7.2 Linked Genes Segregate Together and Crossing Over Produces Recombination Between Them
7.3 A Three-Point Testcross Can Be Used to Map Three Linked Genes
7.4 Physical Mapping Methods Are Used to Determine the Physical Positions of Genes on Particular Chromosomes
7.5 Recombination Rates Exhibit Extensive Variation
• New test for independent assortment using a contingency chi-square test
• New discussion of the effects of multiple crossovers
• Revised discussion of physical mapping
• New section on variation in recombination rates
• Six new Data Analysis Problems featuring real data from scientific papers

8. Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems
8.1 Genetic Analysis of Bacteria Requires Special Approaches and Methods
Model Genetic Organism: The Bacterium Escherichia coli
8.2 Viruses Are Simple Replicating Systems Amenable to Genetic Analysis
• Rearranged and revised discussion of gene mapping in bacteria
• Expanded discussion of the evolution of HIV and mechanism of infection
• Six new Data Analysis Problems featuring real data from scientific papers

9. Chromosome Variation
9.1 Chromosome Mutations Include Rearrangements, Aneuploids, and Polyploids
9.2 Chromosome Rearrangements Alter Chromosome Structure
9.3 Aneuploidy Is an Increase or Decrease in the Number of Individual Chromosomes
9.4 Polyploidy Is the Presence of More Than Two Sets of Chromosomes
9.5 Chromosome Variation Plays an Important Role in Evolution
• New Chapter Opening Story: Trisomy 21 and the Down-Syndrome Critical Region
• New in-text Worked Problem
• New discussion on the role of chromosome variation in evolution
• Six new Data Analysis Problems featuring real data from scientific papers

10. Gene Mutations and DNA Repair
10.1 Mutations Are Inherited Alterations in the DNA Sequence
10.2 Mutations Are Potentially Caused by a Number of Different Natural and Unnatural Factors
10.3 Mutations Are the Focus of Intense Study by Geneticists
10.4 A Number of Pathways Repair Changes in DNA
• New Chapter Opening Story: A Fly Without a Heart
• New in-text Worked Problem
• Updated discussion of laboratory studies of mutation rates using gene sequencing
• Two new Data Analysis Problems featuring real data from scientific papers

11. Quantitative Genetics
11.1 Quantitative Characteristics Vary Continuously and are Often Influenced by Alleles at Multiple Loci
11.2 Statistical Methods are Required for Analyzing Quantitative Characteristics
11.3 Heritability is used to Estimate the Proportion of Variation in a Trait that is Genetic
11.4 Genetically Variable Traits Change in Response to Selection
• Revised section on components of different types of variance
• New Data Analysis Problem featuring real data from scientific papers

12. Population Genetics
12.1 Genotypic and Allelic Frequencies Are Used to Describe Gene Pool of a Population
12.2 The Hardy-Weinberg Law Describes the Effect of Reproduction on Genotypic and Allelic Frequencies
12.3 Nonrandom Mating Affects the Genotypic Frequencies of a Population
12.4 Several Evolutionary Forces Potentially Cause Changes in Allelic Frequencies
• New Chapter Opening Story: Genetic Rescue of Bighorn Sheep
• Expanded discussion of the Hardy-Weinberg law to show its derivation from Punnett Squares
• New Data Analysis Problems featuring real data from scientific papers

13. Evolutionary Genetics
13.1 Organisms Evolve Through Genetic Change Occuring Within Populations
13.2 Many Natural Populations Contain High Levels of Genetic Variation
13.3 New Species Arise Through the Evolution of Reproductive Isolation
13.4 The Evolutionary History of a Group of Organisms Can Be Reconstructed by Studying Changes in Homologous Characteristics
13.5 Patterns of Evolution Are Revealed by Changes at the Molecular Level
• New Chapter Opening Story: Taster Genes in Spitting Apes
• Revised and expanded coverage of phylogenetic trees
• New Data Analysis Problems featuring real data from scientific papers