Transparent Electronics

by Wager, John F.; Keszler, Douglas A.; Presley, Rick E.

• ISBN13: 9780387723419
• ISBN10: 0387723412
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-11-23
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

This monograph is essentially the first roadmap for transparent electronics. It will define and assess what and where the field is, where it is going, and what needs to happen to get it there. Although the central focus of this monograph involves transparent electronics, many of the materials, devices, circuits, and process integration strategies discussed will be of great interest to researchers working in other emerging fields, including printed electronics, large-area electronics, low-cost electronics, and disposable electronics.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. vii
Introduction	p. 1
A technology in a hurry	p. 1
Pre-history	p. 2
Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs)	p. 2
Thin-film transistors (TFTs)	p. 5
The stage is now set	p. 8
A Review of Prior Work	p. 9
Origins	p. 9
Transparent electronics - 2003	p. 13
Transparent electronics - 2004	p. 17
Transparent electronics - 2005	p. 25
Transparent electronics - 2006	p. 30
Perspective & Outlook	p. 37
Applications	p. 39
Looking into a crystal ball	p. 39
A technology appraisal	p. 39
An application smorgasbord	p. 44
Applications in retrospective	p. 56
Materials	p. 57
Device components	p. 57
n-type semiconductor channel materials	p. 58
Amorphous oxide semiconductors	p. 67
p-type semiconductors	p. 71
Copper oxides and chalcogenides	p. 71
Rhodium oxides	p. 76
Nanomaterials	p. 77
Prospects for p-type semiconductors in transparent electronics	p. 77
Dielectrics	p. 78
Gate dielectrics	p. 78
Interlevel dielectrics	p. 82
Devices	p. 83
Transparent electronics devices	p. 83
Passive, linear devices	p. 84
Resistors	p. 84
Capacitors	p. 87
Inductors	p. 89
Two-terminal devices	p. 91
pn junctions	p. 91
Schottky barriers	p. 94
Heterojunctions	p. 102
Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors	p. 105
Transparent thin-film transistors (TTFTs)	p. 110
Ideal behavior	p. 111
Non-ideal behavior	p. 115
Device stability	p. 138
Alternative TTFT device types	p. 144
Alternative transistors	p. 148
Transparent Circuits	p. 153
Introduction	p. 153
Exemplary transparent circuit process flow	p. 153
Transparent ring oscillator process flow	p. 153
Other considerations	p. 156
Exemplary transparent circuits	p. 160
Transparent inverters and ring oscillators	p. 160
Full-wave rectifier	p. 163
Level-shifting circuits	p. 164
AMLCD transparent switch	p. 165
AMOLED backplane	p. 168
Transparent charge-coupled devices (CCDs)	p. 178
Barely scratching the surface	p. 182
The Path Forward	p. 183
Where do we go from here?	p. 183
References	p. 189
Index	p. 209
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