Transport Phenomena in Biological Systems

by Truskey, George A.; Yuan, Fan; Katz, David F.

• ISBN13: 9780130422040
• ISBN10: 0130422045
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

For one-semester, advanced undergraduate/graduate courses in Biotransport Engineering. Presenting engineering fundamentals and biological applications in a unified way, this text provides students with the skills necessary to develop and critically analyze models of biological transport and reaction processes. It covers topics in fluid mechanics, mass transport, and biochemical interactions, with engineering concepts motivated by specific biological problems.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xix
Introduction	p. 1
Introduction to Physiological Fluid Mechanics	p. 51
Conservation Relations and Momentum Balances	p. 53
Conservation Relations for Fluid Transport, Dimensional Analysis, and Scaling	p. 118
Approximate Methods for the Analysis of Complex Physiological Flow	p. 167
Fluid Flow in the Circulation and Tissues	p. 211
Fundamentals and Applications of Mass Transport in Biological Systems	p. 255
Mass Transport in Biological Systems	p. 257
Diffusion with Convection or Electrical Potentials	p. 338
Transport in Porous Media	p. 387
Transvascular Transport	p. 427
The Effect of Mass Transport upon Biochemical Interactions	p. 449
Mass Transport and Biochemical Interactions	p. 451
Cell Surface Ligand-Receptor Kinetics and Molecular Transport within Cells	p. 509
Cell Adhesion	p. 568
Transport in Organs	p. 607
Transport of Gases between Blood and Tissues	p. 609
Transport in the Kidneys	p. 639
Drug Transport in Solid Tumors	p. 689
Transport in Organs and Organisms	p. 718
Mathematical Background	p. 744
Review of Calculus and Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations	p. 744
Solution of Partial Differential Equations by the Method of Separation of Variables	p. 752
Basics of Vectors and Tensors	p. 758
Introduction to MATLAB	p. 766
References	p. 772
Index	p. 773
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.

Excerpts

The transport of energy, mass, and momentum is essential to the function of living systems. Changes in these processes often underlie pathological conditions. Transport phenomena are also central to the operation of instrumentation used to analyze living systems, and to many of the technological interventions used to repair or improve tissues or organs. Transport processes are manifest from the smallest spatial scales of molecular dimensions to the large scales of whole organs and of organisms themselves. They also span the minute time scales of individual chemical events to the lifetimes of living systems. As scientific and technological advancements have shrunk the temporal and spatial scales of observation and understanding of living systems, attention to attendant transport processes at those scales has followed suit. The objective study of biological transport phenomena began historically in the field of physiology and, indeed, helped define that field. Today, the engineering application of biological transport phenomena contributes to research advances in physiology, immunology, and cell and molecular biology. Thus, transport processes are important considerations in basic research related to molecule, organelle, cell and organ function; the design and operation of devices, such as filtration units for kidney dialysis, high density cell culture and biosensors; and applications including rug and gene delivery, biological signal transduction, and tissue engineering. Clearly, attention to the basic mechanisms of transport processes and, concomitantly, their biological and biomedical contexts, is important to curricula for educating biomedical engineers. Teaching undergraduate and graduate students in bioengineering about transport phenomena in living systems is challenging. This teaching must integrate the development of fundamental principles of transport processes, the mathematical expression of these principles and the solution of transport equations, along with characterization of composition, structure and function of the living systems to which they are applied. The overwhelming majority of textbooks on transport processes are oriented primarily toward chemical and mechanical engineers, and lack applications and descriptions of biological and biomedical contexts. While many of these texts are excellent, there is a need for a book that integrates biological and engineering concepts in the development of the transport equations and, meanwhile, provides detailed and current applications. It is our goal that this text meets that need. The materials in this textbook will help to develop both skills and contextual knowledge for engineers, enabling them to establish and critically analyze models of biological transport and reaction processes. We have sought to present engineering fundamentals and biological contexts in a unified way. The book covers topics in fluid mechanics, mass transport, and biochemical interactions and reactions. Inclusion of the latter has great biological and biomedical motivation, since so many relevant processes and technologies involve chemical reactions. Each engineering concept is motivated by specific biological problems. Immediately after the concept is developed, biological and/or biomedical applications are presented. In this way, the student,4an gain an understanding of the specific topic presented, as well as its application to important problems in biology and medicine. Each chapter contains a number of examples and homework problems, that either elaborate upon problems discussed in the text or address new biomedical questions. Problems and examples include analytical as well as numerical solutions. We emphasize analytical solutions because they often provide physical insights that are important for introductory material, even if such insights provide only first-order levels of understanding. More complex problems that require numerical solution are presented and the u