Trauma Radiology Companion

by Stern, Eric J.; Hunter, John C.; Mann, Frederick A.; Wilson, Anthony J.; Cohen, Wendy A.

• ISBN13: 9780397517336
• ISBN10: 0397517335
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-07-01
• Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Summary

Developed by radiologists at one of the world's leading trauma centers, this portable, thoroughly illustrated handbook presents current imaging protocols for trauma and explains in detail how to diagnose many traumatic injuries. The book provides a methodical review of trauma imaging by anatomic region using all imaging modalities and contains more than 300 illustrations depicting the radiologic manifestations of trauma.For each type of injury, the text presents concise bulleted information about imaging techniques, pitfalls, radiologic appearance of the injury, and diagnosis. Each chapter presents key facts for rapid, at-a-glance review. The book also includes an introductory section addressing practical issues such as imaging protocols, patterns of injury, trauma severity scoring, and medicolegal aspects of trauma radiology. A list of suggested readings is provided for each topic.

Table of Contents

Contributing Authors	ix	(2)
Foreword	xi	(1)
Michael K. Copass
Preface	xii
Section 1: Overview of Trauma	2	(52)
Epidemiology of Trauma	2	(2)
The Radiologist's Role in the Emergency Trauma Center	4	(2)
Blunt Trauma Resuscitation Imaging: the Radiologic ABC's	6	(4)
Patterns of Injury	10	(5)
Gunshot Wounds	15	(3)
Gunshot Wounds: Low-Velocity Bullet Injury	18	(2)
Gunshot Wounds: Shotgun Injury	20	(3)
Trauma Severity Scoring	23	(3)
Medicolegal Aspects in Emergency and Trauma Radiology	26	(3)
Patient Dispositions	29	(1)
Computed Tomography (CT) Protocols	30	(8)
Spiral CT Protocols	38	(3)
Special Procedures in the Emergency Room	41	(2)
Contrast Allergy Premedication Protocols	43	(1)
Trauma Radiographic Protocols	44	(10)
Section 2: Imaging Fundamentals	54
Part A: Brain and Spine	54	(66)
Cerebral Contusion	54	(2)
Diffuse Axonal Injury	56	(2)
Epidural Hematoma Hyperacute Intracranial Hemorrhage	58	(2)
Acute Subdural Hematoma	60	(2)
Chronic Subdural Hematoma/Acute Rehemorrhage	62	(2)
Linear Skull Fracture	64	(2)
Depressed Skull Fracture	66	(1)
Delayed Posttraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage	67	(1)
Child Abuse	68	(2)
Gunshot Wound to Head	70	(2)
Cerebral Perfusion SPECT in Traumatic Brain Injury	72	(2)
Acute Dissection: Internal Carotid Artery	74	(2)
Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage: Intraventricular Hemorrhage	76	(2)
Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage	78	(2)
Nontrauma/Nonhemorrhage: Diffuse Anoxic Changes	80	(2)
Herniation: Uncal	82	(2)
Herniation: Subfalcine	84	(1)
Herniation: Upward (Cerebellar Hemorrhage)	85	(1)
Cerebral Blood Flow Imaging for Brain Death	86	(2)
Facial Trauma: Orbital Floor Fracture	88	(2)
Facial Trauma: Tripod Fracture	90	(2)
Facial Trauma: LeFort Fracture	92	(2)
Cervical Spine Injury: Dens fracture	94	(2)
Cervical Spine Injury: Jefferson Fracture	96	(2)
Cervical Spine Injury: Atlanto-Occipital Dissociation	98	(2)
Cervical Spine Injury: Transverse Atlantal Ligament Injury	100	(2)
Cervical Spine Injury: Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of the Axis	102	(2)
Cervical Spine Injury: Hyperflexion Fracture/Burst Fracture	104	(2)
Cervical Spine Injury: Unilateral Overriding Facet	106	(2)
Cervical Spine Injury: Bilateral Overriding Facet	108	(2)
Thoracic/Lumbar Spine Injury: Burst Fracture	110	(2)
Thoracic/Lumbar Spine Injury: Flexion/Distraction Fracture	112	(2)
Thoracic Lumbar Spine Injury: Extension Distraction Fracture	114	(2)
Radionuclide Detection of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks	116	(4)
Part B: Torso	120	(114)
Scapulothoracic Dissociation	120	(2)
Scapula Fracture	122	(2)
Rib Fractures	124	(2)
Sternoclavicular Dislocation	126	(2)
Sternal and Manubrial Fractures	128	(2)
Airway Rupture/Laceration	130	(2)
Esophageal Rupture/Laceration	132	(1)
Esophageal Intubation with Gastric Perforation	133	(1)
Traumatic Aortic Injury: Chest Radiography	134	(2)
Acute Traumatic Aortic Injury: Angiographic Pitfalls	136	(3)
Traumatic Aortic Injury: Computed Tomography	139	(3)
Traumatic Aortic Injury: Transesophageal Echocardiography	142	(2)
Injury to Brachiocephalic Vessels	144	(2)
Myocardial Contusion	146	(2)
Cardiac Perforation and Rupture	148	(2)
Acute Traumatic Hemopericardium	150	(2)
Hemidiaphragm Injury	152	(2)
Pulmonary Contusion	154	(4)
Pulmonary Laceration	158	(2)
Pulmonary Laceration: Traumatic Pneumatocele (Stab Wound)	160	(2)
Pulmonary Laceration: Pulmonary Hematoma	162	(2)
Foreign Body Embolization and Retrieval	164	(3)
Lung Injury: Blast Effect	167	(1)
Barotrauma	168	(2)
Aspiration of Foreign Body	170	(2)
Near-drowning	172	(2)
Intraperitoneal Fluid in Trauma	174	(3)
Extraperitoneal Fluid in Trauma	177	(1)
Intraperitoneal and Retroperitoneal Gas	178	(2)
Active Bleeding: Findings on CT Scan	180	(2)
Liver Injury: Overview	182	(4)
Liver Injury: Natural History	186	(2)
Biliary Injury	188	(2)
Splenic Trauma	190	(4)
Pancreatic Injury	194	(2)
Gastrointestinal and Mesenteric Injury	196	(2)
Duodenal Injury	198	(2)
Extraperitoneal Colonic Injury	200	(1)
Adrenal Hemorrhage	201	(1)
Renal Injuries	202	(2)
Renal Injuries: Imaging	204	(4)
Renal Injuries: Clinical Management Issues	208	(2)
Renal Laceration with Urinary Extravasation	210	(3)
Ureteral Injuries	213	(3)
Bladder Injuries: Extraperitoneal Rupture	216	(5)
Bladder Injuries: Intraperitoneal Rupture	221	(3)
Urethral Injuries	224	(4)
Anterior Urethral Laceration	228	(1)
Trauma to the Gravid Uterus	229	(2)
Testicular Trauma	231	(3)
Part C: Upper Extremity	234	(48)
Clavicle Fractures	234	(2)
Acromio-Clavicular Joint Dislocation	236	(2)
Shoulder Joint Dislocation	238	(4)
Shoulder Dislocation: Posterior	242	(2)
Proximal Humeral Fractures	244	(3)
Humeral Shaft Fractures	247	(1)
Distal Humeral Fractures	248	(2)
Humerus: Epicondyle Injury	250	(2)
Elbow Dislocation	252	(2)
Radial Head Fractures	254	(2)
Radius and Ulna Shaft Fractures	256	(2)
Distal Radius and Ulna Fractures	258	(4)
Carpal Fractures	262	(4)
Carpal Dislocations	266	(2)
Radiographically Occult Fractures Detected by Bone Scan	268	(3)
Metacarpal Fractures	271	(7)
Phalangeal Fractures	278	(4)
Part D: Pelvis/Lower Extremity	282	(115)
Pelvic Apophyseal Avulsions	282	(2)
Lateral Compression Pelvic Fracture	284	(2)
Anterior Compression Pelvic Fracture	286	(2)
Vertical Shear Pelvic Fracture	288	(2)
Pelvic Ring Disruption and Arterial Injury	290	(2)
Sacral Fracture	292	(4)
Anterior Hip Dislocation	296	(1)
Basic Acetabular Anatomy	297	(1)
Posterior Hip Dislocation	298	(3)
Posterior Wall Acetabular Fracture	301	(1)
Transverse Acetabular Fracture	302	(3)
Both Column Acetabular Fracture	305	(3)
Acetabular Fracture: Indications for Angiography	308	(3)
Intracapsular Femoral Neck Fracture	311	(3)
Occult Hip Fracture	314	(1)
Stress-Insufficiency Fracture of the Femoral Neck	315	(3)
Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture	318	(2)
Subtrochanteric Femur Fracture	320	(2)
Femoral Shaft Fracture	322	(1)
Supracondylar Fracture of the Femur	323	(2)
Patella Fracture	325	(3)
Tibial Plateau Fracture	328	(4)
Tibial Spine (Anterior Cruciate) Avulsions	332	(2)
Avulsion of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament Insertion	334	(2)
The Unhappy Triad of O'Donoghue	336	(3)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear	339	(2)
Meniscal Tears	341	(3)
Segond Fracture: Lateral Capsular Avulsion	344	(2)
Patellar Dislocation	346	(2)
Knee Dislocation	348	(4)
Knee Dislocation and Arterial Injury	352	(4)
Tibial Stress Fracture	356	(4)
Tibial and Fibular Shaft Fractures	360	(2)
Tibial Plafond Fracture (Pilon Fracture)	362	(3)
Ankle Mortise Injuries: Classification	365	(6)
Cuneiform Fracture	371	(2)
Calcaneal Fracture	373	(5)
Talus Fracture	378	(4)
Talar and Subtalar Dislocations	382	(2)
Tarsal Navicular Fracture	384	(3)
The Nutcracker Fracture of the Cuboid	387	(3)
Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc's) Fracture Dislocation	390	(3)
Metatarsal Fracture	393	(2)
Toe Injuries	395	(2)
Subject Index	397