Two- and Three-Dimensional Patterns of the Face

by Hallinan ,Peter W.

• ISBN13: 9781568810874
• ISBN10: 1568810873
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-06-15
• Publisher: A. K. Peters

Summary

The human face is perhaps the most familiar and easily recognized object in the world, yet both its three- dimensional shape and its two-dimensional images are complex and hard to characterize. This book develops the vocabulary of ridges and parabolic curves, of illumination eigenfaces and elastic warpings for describing the perceptually salient features of a face and its images. The book also explores the underlying mathematics and applies these mathematical techniques to the computer vision problem of face recognition, using both optical and range images.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Faces from Pattern-Theoretic Perspective	1	(20)
Pattern Theory	1	(2)
Three Universal Classes of Stochastic Models	3	(5)
Bayes Probability Theory: Pattern Analysis and Pattern Synthesis	8	(4)
Pattern Theory Architectures	12	(1)
And How about the Face?	13	(8)
Overview of Approaches to Face Recognition	21	(24)
Computer Vision Theory of Face Recognition	21	(4)
Facial Features via Filters	25	(2)
A Deformable Template Approach to Facial Features	27	(4)
Gaussian Models of Whole Faces	31	(4)
Face Warps	35	(4)
Three-Dimensional Face Models	39	(6)
Modeling Variations in Illumination	45	(34)
Linear Models for Lighting Variation	45	(3)
Constructing the Lighting Model	48	(3)
The Experiment	51	(3)
Results	54	(18)
Generating 3-D Face Models from Illumination Variation	72	(7)
Modeling Variations in Geometry	79	(26)
Global and Local Wraps	79	(4)
A Robust Treatment of Intensity Differences	83	(2)
The Global Warp	85	(4)
Homogenous Local Warping	89	(13)
Inhomogenous Local Warping	102	(3)
Recognition from Image Data	105	(20)
The Energy Functional	105	(2)
The Algorithm	107	(2)
Results	109	(16)
Parabolic Curves and Ridges on Surfaces	125	(40)
Overview	125	(3)
Monge Patches	128	(3)
Contact with Planes	131	(5)
Contact with Spheres; Ridge Points	136	(15)
Umbilics	151	(11)
The Road Map	162	(3)
Sculpting a Surface	165	(36)
Overview	165	(1)
Transitions	165	(11)
The Evolution of the Bell and the Dimple	176	(6)
How to Sculpt a Face	182	(19)
Finding Facial Features from Range Data	201	(16)
Nose Ridge	203	(1)
Eye Features: The Application of Symmetry Constraints	204	(6)
Bounding Regions of Convex Structures	210	(3)
Face/Non-Face Segmentation	213	(4)
Recognition from Range Data	217	(24)
Recognition by Depth Template Comparison	217	(6)
Scalar Features from 3-D Data	223	(3)
The Algorithm	226	(3)
Experimental Results	229	(12)
What's Next?	241	(8)
Modeling the 2D Image	241	(2)
Stochastic Models for Shape	243	(6)
References	249	(11)
Index	260