UML and C++ : A Practical Guide... | Buy

Preface to Second Edition

xvii

Preface to First Edition

xxvii

The Information Management Dilemma

(6)

The Problem

(3)

Modern Corporations Are Headed Toward Disaster

(1)

What Does the Customer Want?

(1)

Why Object-Oriented Is Important to Developers

(1)

Summary

(1)

Managing Complexity: Analysis and Design

(16)

Abstraction Mechanism

(2)

Functions

(1)

Modules

(1)

Abstract Data Types

(1)

Classes/Objects

(2)

Message Passing

(1)

Generalization/Specialization and Polymorphism

(1)

Additional Relationships

(3)

Associations

(2)

Aggregation

(1)

Behavior

(3)

Static Behavior

(1)

Dynamic Behavior

(2)

Rules

(1)

Complex Systems

(1)

Summary

(2)

Object-Oriented Programming

(18)

What Is Object-Oriented Programming?

(1)

Not a Silver Bullet

(1)

An Advanced Paradigm

(1)

Basic Object-Oriented Programming Concepts

(5)

Object-Oriented Programming Languages

(1)

Object-Based Programming

(1)

Class-Based Programming

(1)

Object-Oriented Programming

(1)

Advanced OO Programming

(1)

Leading-Edge Object-Oriented Programming

(1)

Why C++?

(1)

Ways of Organizing Reality

(2)

Simulation Model of Computation

(1)

Object-Oriented Way of Organizing Reality

(6)

Summary

(2)

Bounding the Domain

(32)

Introduction to Use Cases

(9)

System

(1)

Actors

(1)

Use Cases

(6)

Use Case Bundles

(1)

Documenting Use Cases

(3)

Use Case Diagram

(1)

Sequence Diagram: Documenting the Details

(1)

Textual Description

(1)

Guidelines for Developing Use Cases

(8)

Avoiding Analysis Paralysis

(1)

Identifying Actors

(2)

Identifying High-Level and Essential Use Cases

(1)

Establishing Use Case Bundles

(1)

Developing Use Case Details

(2)

Identifying Supporting Use Cases

(1)

Developing Boundary Use Cases

(1)

Contracts

(2)

Recommended Approach

(7)

Example

(7)

Summary

(2)

Finding the Objects

(18)

Object-Oriented Analysis: Model of an Application Domain

(1)

Building the OO Model

(1)

Identification of Objects

(2)

Current Techniques

(5)

Using the Things to be Modeled

(1)

Using the Definitions of Objects and Classes

(1)

Using Object Decomposition

(1)

Using Generalization

(1)

Using Subclasses

(1)

Using Object-Oriented Domain Analysis

(1)

Reusing an Application Framework

(1)

Reusing Class Hierarchies

(1)

Reusing Individual Objects and Classes

(1)

Using Subassemblies

(1)

Using Personal Experience

(1)

Traditional Techniques

(4)

Using Nouns

(1)

Using Traditional Data Flow Diagrams

(1)

Using Class-Responsibility-Collaboration (CRC) Cards

(2)

Recommended Approaches

(3)

Example

(1)

Summary

(2)

Identifying Responsibilities

(12)

What Is an Object?

(1)

What Is an Attribute?

(1)

Descriptive Attributes

(1)

Naming Attributes

(1)

What Is a Service?

(1)

What Is a Method?

(1)

Identifying Attributes

(2)

Specifying Attributes

(1)

Identifying Services

(1)

Specifying Services

(1)

Recommended Approach

(3)

Example

100

(2)

Summary

102

(1)

Specifying Static Behavior

103

(14)

What Is Behavior?

103

(1)

Techniques for Specifying Static Behavior

104

(2)

Techniques for Specifying Control

106

(1)

Techniques for Documenting Control

107

(3)

Activity Diagrams

107

(1)

Collaboration Diagram

108

(1)

Sequence Diagram

109

(1)

Techniques for Documenting Static Behavior

110

(2)

Preconditions and Postconditions

110

(1)

Flowcharting

110

(1)

Data Flow Diagrams

110

(1)

Structured English

111

(1)

Recommended Approach

112

(4)

Example

112

(4)

Summary

116

(1)

Dynamic Behavior

117

(24)

Introduction

118

(1)

Techniques for Identifying Dynamic Behavior

119

(4)

Common Lifecycle Forms

120

(1)

Models for Capturing Lifecycle

121

(2)

Identifying and Specifying Events

123

(5)

Use Case and Scenario

123

(1)

Sequence Diagram

123

(1)

Example

124

(4)

Specifying Dynamic Behavior

128

(6)

Event List

128

(2)

State Transition Table

130

(4)

Documenting Dynamic Behavior

134

(5)

State Diagrams

134

(5)

Recommended Approach

139

(1)

Summary

140

(1)

Identifying Relationships

141

(22)

Accessing Another Object's Services

141

(1)

Relationships

142

(1)

Generalization

143

(2)

Identifying and Specifying Generalization/Specialization

145

(2)

Object Aggregation

147

(1)

Classification of Aggregation

148

(5)

Assembly-Parts (Component-Integral Composition)

149

(1)

Material-Object Composition

149

(1)

Portion-Object Composition

150

(1)

Place-Area Composition

151

(1)

Collection-Members Composition

151

(1)

Container-Content (Member-Bunch Composition)

152

(1)

Member-Partnership Composition

152

(1)

Objects and Aggregation Relationships

153

(1)

Links Between Objects

153

(2)

Identifying and Specifying Links and Aggregations

155

(1)

Managing Relationships

156

(2)

Documenting Relationships

158

(1)

Recommended Approach

159

(1)

Example

160

(1)

Summary

161

(2)

Rules

163

(10)

Introduction

163

(2)

Rules

165

(1)

Identifying Declarative Statements

165

(1)

Specifying and Documenting Rules

166

(2)

Mapping Rules to the Proper OO Concept

168

(1)

Documenting the Rules Using UML

169

(1)

Implementing Rules

170

(1)

Recommended Approach

171

(1)

Summary

171

(2)

The Model

173

(22)

Concepts

173

(1)

Concepts and Object-Oriented Model

174

(4)

Class

175

(1)

Association

175

(1)

Class Aggregation

176

(1)

Generalization/Specialization

176

(1)

Polymorphism

177

(1)

Instantiation

178

(1)

Documenting Concepts Using UML

178

(4)

Class Concept

178

(1)

Association

179

(1)

Class Aggregation

180

(1)

Generalization/Specialization

181

(1)

Polymorphism

181

(1)

Instantiation

181

(1)

Refining the Model

182

(1)

Subsystems

182

(2)

Domain

182

(1)

Bridge

183

(1)

Organizing Subsystems

184

(1)

Horizontal Layers

184

(1)

Vertical Partitions

184

(1)

Combination

185

(1)

Identifying Subsystems

185

(1)

Documenting Subsystems

185

(1)

Recommended Approach

186

(7)

Example

186

(1)

Refinement

187

(4)

Subsystems

191

(2)

Summary

193

(2)

Design

195

(16)

Introduction

195

(1)

System Design

196

(5)

Subsystems

196

(1)

Architectural Frameworks

197

(3)

Documenting System Design

200

(1)

Detailed Design

201

(8)

Class Design

202

(2)

Association Design

204

(1)

Generalization and Inheritance

205

(1)

Delegation

206

(1)

Orlando Treaty

207

(1)

Multiple Inheritance

208

(1)

Documenting Detailed Design

209

(1)

Summary

209

(2)

C++ Fundamentals

211

(22)

History

211

(1)

Programming Elements

212

(3)

Keywords

213

(1)

Identifiers

213

(1)

Literals

214

(1)

Operators

214

(1)

Punctuators

215

(1)

Native Data Types

215

(5)

Basic Data Types

216

(1)

Constant Values

216

(1)

Symbolic Variables

217

(1)

Pointer Types

218

(1)

Constant Types

218

(1)

Reference Types

219

(1)

Enumeration Types

219

(1)

Array Types

220

(1)

Typedef Names

220

(1)

What Is a Statement?

220

(2)

Expressions

221

(1)

Compound Statements

221

(1)

Statement Flow Control

222

(1)

If Statement

222

(1)

For Statement

223

(1)

What Is a Function?

223

(1)

Function Invocation

224

(2)

Function Definition

225

(1)

Function Prototype

226

(1)

Inlining

226

(1)

Storage Class

226

(2)

Auto

226

(1)

Extern

227

(1)

227

(1)

Static

227

(1)

Volatile

228

(1)

Type Conversion

228

(2)

Static_cast

228

(1)

const_cast

229

(1)

dynamic_cast

229

(1)

reinterpret_clast

229

(1)

Namespace

230

(1)

Recommended Approach

231

(1)

Summary

231

(2)

Implementing Class

233

(8)

Components of a Class

233

(1)

Class Definition

234

(1)

Class Body

235

(3)

Visibility

235

(1)

Data Members

235

(1)

Member Functions

236

(2)

Generalization Using Inheritance

238

(1)

Recommended Approach

238

(2)

Example

239

(1)

Summary

240

(1)

C++ Libraries

241

(20)

C Standard Libraries

242

(3)

242

(1)

242

(1)

242

(1)

243

(1)

243

(1)

243

(1)

243

(1)

<cmath>

243

(1)

243

(1)

243

(1)

243

(1)

243

(1)

244

(1)

244

(1)

244

(1)

<ctime>

244

(1)

245

(1)

245

(1)

C++ Class Libraries

245

(5)

<bits>

245

(1)

245

(1)

245

(1)

246

(1)

246

(1)

246

(1)

246

(1)

246

(1)

<ios>

246

(1)

246

(2)

248

(1)

<new>

248

(1)

248

(1)

249

(1)

249

(1)

249

(1)

249

(1)

249

(1)

250

(1)

250

(1)

Standard Template Library

250

(10)

251

(1)

251

(1)

251

(1)

<deque>

251

(1)

251

(1)

251

(1)

<list>

252

(1)

<map>

252

(5)

257

(1)

257

(1)

<queue>

257

(1)

<set>

257

(3)

<stack>

260

(1)

260

(1)

260

(1)

260

(1)

Recommended Approach

260

(1)

Summary

260

(1)

Implementing Static Behavior

261

(18)

Function Definition

261

(5)

Return Type

262

(1)

Return Statement

263

(1)

Function Argument List

264

(2)

Passing Arguments

266

(3)

Pass-By-Value

266

(1)

Reference or Pointer Argument

267

(2)

Return-Type as Reference or Pointer

269

(1)

Casting

270

(1)

Const and Defaults

271

(2)

Const

271

(2)

Default Initializers

273

(1)

Identifiers Scope

273

(1)

Recommended Approach

274

(3)

Definition in h file

274

(2)

Definition in C file

276

(1)

Summary

277

(2)

Implementing Dynamic Behavior

279

(16)

Elements of Dynamic Behavior

280

(12)

Simple State Diagrams

280

(6)

Nested State Diagrams

286

(6)

Concurrent State Diagrams

292

(1)

Recommended Approach

292

(1)

Summary

293

(2)

Instantiating and Deleting Objects

295

(14)

Introduction

295

(1)

Constructors

296

(3)

Destructors

299

(3)

Using Constructors and Destructors Properly

302

(1)

Generalization and Constructors

303

(1)

Recommended Approach

304

(2)

Creating an Object

304

(1)

Destroying an Object

304

(2)

Coding Guidelines

306

(1)

Constructor Coding Guidelines

306

(1)

Destructor Coding Guidelines

306

(1)

Summary

307

(2)

Implementing Generalization/Specialization

309

(18)

Inheritance

309

(9)

Specifying a Derived Class

310

(2)

Inheriting from a Derived Class and Implementing Association

312

(2)

Adding Polymorphism

314

(2)

Abstract Class

316

(2)

Multiple Inheritance

318

(5)

Virtual Destructors

323

(1)

Derived Class Visibility

324

(1)

Summary

325

(2)

Implementing More Relationships

327

(20)

Introduction

327

(2)

Implementing Association

327

(1)

Implementing Attributes of an Association

328

(1)

Implementing Aggregation

329

(1)

Pointers

329

(2)

Arrays

331

(2)

Friends

333

(1)

Static Members

333

(1)

Implementing Association

334

(4)

Binary Association

334

(1)

Many-to-One Association

335

(2)

Many-to-Many Association

337

(1)

Implementing Friends

338

(3)

Class as a Friend

338

(1)

Function as a Friend

339

(1)

Implementing a One-Many Association Using a Friend

340

(1)

Implementing Aggregation

341

(2)

Buried Pointers OO

341

(1)

Embedded Objects

342

(1)

Implementing Static Members

343

(2)

Recommended Approach

345

(1)

Summary

345

(2)

Introduction to the Case Studies

347

(10)

Case Study 1: Breakout

347

(6)

Requirements

348

(1)

Acquiring Domain Expertise

349

(1)

Expert's Knowledge

350

(1)

Provided Technology Services

351

(2)

Case Study 2: Microwave Oven

353

(4)

Problem Definition

353

(2)

General Description

355

(2)

Case Study: The Breakout Game

357

(118)

Step 1: Finding the Objects

357

(1)

Step 2: Identifying Responsibilities

358

(18)

Looking at Adjectives

358

(1)

Asking Question 1

359

(7)

Asking Question 2

366

(4)

Asking Question 3

370

(3)

Looking at Services

373

(3)

Step 3: Specifying Behaviors

376

(10)

Step 4: Specifying Relationships

386

(7)

Step 5: Refinement

393

(22)

Step 6: Design

415

(10)

Step 7: Implementation

425

(50)

Implementing Class

425

(14)

Implementing Static Behavior

439

(3)

Instantiating Objects

442

(4)

Implementing Inheritance

446

(19)

Implementing Relationships

465

(10)

Case Study: Microwave Oven

475

(36)

Use Cases

476

(4)

Use Case 1: Cook Without Interruption

476

(2)

Use Case 2: Cancel Cooking

478

(1)

Use Case 3: Interrupt Cooking

479

(1)

Solution 1: The Controller Class Design

480

(9)

Step 1: Finding the Objects

480

(1)

Step 2: Identifying Responsibilities

481

(3)

Step 3: Specifying Behavior

484

(4)

Step 4: Specifying Relationships

488

(1)

Step 5: Refinement

489

(1)

Discussion

489

(1)

Solution 2: Distributed Responsibility with High Coupling

489

(7)

Step 1: Identify the Objects

489

(1)

Step 2: Identifying Responsibilities

489

(2)

Step 3: Specifying Behavior

491

(4)

Step 4: Specifying Relationships

495

(1)

Step 5: Refinement

495

(1)

Discussion

495

(1)

Solution 3: Distributed Responsibility Using the Observer Mechanism

496

(15)

Step 5: Refinement

497

(12)

Discussion

509

(2)

Appendix A Unified Modeling Language

511

(30)

Introduction

511

(3)

What Is the Unified Modeling Language?

511

(1)

What Is Not UML?

512

(1)

What Are the Goals of UML?

512

(1)

Why Use UML?

512

(1)

What Are the Diagrams of UML?

512

(1)

What Are the Most Important UML Diagrams?

513

(1)

UML Diagrams

514

(22)

Use Case Diagram

514

(1)

Use Case Diagram

514

(1)

Class Diagram

515

(11)

Sequence Diagram

526

(1)

Collaboration Diagram

527

(2)

Statechart Diagram

529

(3)

Activity Diagram

532

(2)

Component Diagram

534

(1)

Deployment Diagram

535

(1)

UML Glossary

536

(5)

Bibliography

541

(4)

Acknowledgments

545

Preface UML and C++: A Practical Guide to Object-Oriented Developmentcontinues to be aimed at busy professional software analysts and developers who work on large systems, especially those who need to integrate their new systems with legacy systems. If you do not have time to take a class yet and get up-to-speed on object-oriented (OO) technology using Unified Modeling Language and C++, this book is a self-teaching guide for you. It will help you understand the differences between OO analysis, OO design, and OO programming. Our goals in the first edition were to: Teach you to build an object-oriented application using C++ and make the right trade-off decisions to meet your business needs; Clarify the basic concepts associated with object-oriented technology; Supply sufficient depth in coverage for students and practitioners entering the field to get them up to speed; Expose some of the myths surrounding OO technology while focusing on its practicality as a software engineering tool; Give you a "recipe" or step-by-step guide to do all of the steps of object-oriented technology; Advocate the view that OO, rule-based concepts, fuzzy logic, multimedia, and data modeling integrated into a single model can address the current and future business challenges for information technology organizations; Provide a practical approach to analysis, design, and programming in the OO technology. Show how to implement OO technology using C++ (though not an object-oriented language it is an extremely powerful multi-paradigm language); and Balance theory with application practices in the existing literature. This, the second edition, has extended those goals to include: Give a practical approach for the development of use cases as part of OO analysis; Provide greater coverage of UML diagramming; and Introduce key C++ libraries that provide important functionality supporting implementation of an OO model in C++. In addition, the second edition made improvements on the following topics: Dynamic behavior modeling Implementation of the state model Class projects As always, you do not have know computer science or advanced mathematics to understand the important object-oriented concepts and issues in depth. Even the programming chapters do not require a background in C++; they illustrate how working rode in C++ is produced. Object-Oriented Technology We are software developers of large systems. We believe that OO technology is the most important software evolution (revolution) of the 1990s. It is changing the way we build software and the way applications intercommunicate over worldwide networks and across mufti-vendor computers. Moreover, the OO model is changing the way we design business processes and the way we think about an enterprise. Most enterprises need redesigning today in order to meet future business challenges. Business process redesign is one of the most important functions of an information technology organization. A model that captures the business processes, procedures, policies, and rules facilitates design. Tools that translate the model into an operational system speed the implementation of the redesign. When the market or business condition changes, these systems should be regenerated to reflect these changes by updating the model and using these tools. Information science (engineering) has taken us further and faster than any other approach in previous decades. However, it needs constant updating through even better, more refined methods to meet our business needs and challenges through OO modeling and OO programming. More and more people believe that OO technology will put a dent into the software crisis, meaning that the mechanisms of OO will become for software what the bolts and beams are for the construction design and